Restoration of mussel beds in the Wadden Sea

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1 Restoration of mussel beds in the Wadden Sea Johan van de Koppel

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3 A concern for Waddensea management! Area of semi-permanent mussel beds is limited! Habitat and food reserve for many species! Most marked in the western Wadden Sea => Important restoration goal

4 What are the factors that could potentially determine the success of mussel bed restoration?

5 Gallows point Bangor flats

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9 Experimental self-organization Experimental setup

10 Experimental self-organisation Real-world Lab experiments

11 Emergent properties of patterns Bangor: patterned mussel beds Comparative/experimental study on natural mussel beds. Leading question: how does the spatial patterning feed back to affect mussel growth and survival Dense Patterned Open

12 Size differences after three weeks Mussel growth after three weeks Biomass (g) (n = 36) A B B Dense Patterned Open

13 Individual mussel persistence Persistence after one week Mussels in the open Proportion that survived A A (n = 36) B Dense Patterned Open Mussels in patterns

14 The best of both worlds Dense Patterned Open Biomass (g) Proportion that survived Mussel growth B A B Dense Patterned Open Mussel survival A A B Dense Patterned Open

15 Patterns at large spatial scale

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18 Importance of shell material! Anchor for young mussels (<1 cm)! Possibly also for older stages?! Improving drainage and consolidation of substrate.

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20 Getting the head blown off..

21 Limiting factors Possible factors determining settlement success! Density! Substrate attachment (shells)! Accumulation of mud & pseudofaeses! Wave disturbance

22 Our experimental locations?

23 Experimental setup Experimental Design 1) Mussels 2) Mussels with shells 3) Shells only 4) Control

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25 What will we measure...?! Change in mussel density! Sediment & shell accumulation! Mussel aggregation/pattern formation! Attachment strength / cluster size distribution

26 Methodology

27 Laserscanner

28 Camera systems in the field Lab experiments

29 Small scale experiments The large scale experiments wioll be combined with small-scale experiments for in-depth study of mechanisms.

30 The mussel bed team Hélène de Paoli PhD student, NIOO-Yerseke Tjisse van der Heide Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Johan van de Koppel NIOO-Yerseke

31 Mosselwad experiments! 50x50 meter plots will be established and monitored by camera s operated remotely.

32 Waddensleutels & MosselWad Waddensleutels! Restoring key intertidal processes & communities! Manipulative experiments with mussel beds! Coast-bound experimental locations Mosselwad! Focussed on mussel bed, intertidal and subtidal! Observations on existing & restored mussel beds! Coast-bound & unlinked tidal flat sites

33 Mosselwad!!! High-frequency monitoring to capture pattern formation and extreme events Importance & interactions with waves Predation as a process, birds and starfish Filmpje van Michel van Trommelen & Jeroen Jansen, Imares

34 Doelstellingen mosselwad 1.! Vergroting van de capaciteit van beleids- en beheersinstanties om vestiging en overleving van mosselbanken te bevorderen. 2.! Bijdragen aan het herstel van de mosselbanken in de Waddenzee via! het bieden van praktische handreikingen voor het beleid om de ontwikkelingskansen van mosselbanken te vergroten,! het bieden van objectieve en controleerbare criteria waarop eventuele vrijwaring van visserijactiviteiten gebaseerd kan zijn.! ervaring opdoen met de experimentele aanleg van litorale mosselbanken,! minimaal 15 hectare nieuwe litorale mosselbank in de westelijke Waddenzee.

35 Matching the approaches! Manipulation vs. accurate monitoring! Mussel beds dynamics vs. Mussel bed functioning! Coastbound vs. unlinked tidal flats! Intertidal & subtidal =>The combination of the two projects will provide a multi-angled view on mussel bed restoration

36 Sharing of resources

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