BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Disaster Restoration Efforts

Transcription

1 BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Disaster Restoration Efforts In the wake of the BP Deepwater Horizon oil disaster, the five affected Gulf states, in partnership with several federal agencies, are moving forward with restoration efforts. These efforts are funded via fines, penalties and early restoration framework agreements agreed to as of March 2015 by the following responsible parties: Transocean, MOEX and BP. It is important to note that litigation is still ongoing. In order to better understand the range of restoration activities already underway or approved, Ocean Conservancy developed the following charts to reflect the restoration project types, activities and resource categories in each of the five Gulf states. Our assessment is based on publically available information contained in the project descriptions, which is very limited in some cases. Project descriptions can be found at the Environmental Law Institute s Project Database: eli-ocean.org/gulf/restoration-projects-database Funding Sources and Processes Guiding Restoration: North American Conservation Act (NAWCA) In January 2013, BP pled guilty to 14 criminal counts related to the Deepwater Horizon oil disaster, including one misdemeanor count (Count Thirteen) of violating the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA). The agreement directs a total of $100,000,000 to be paid to the North American Conservation Fund for the purpose of wetlands restoration and conservation benefiting migratory bird species and other wildlife impacted by the oil disaster. MOEX Supplemental Environmental Projects (MOEX) In 2012, MOEX Offshore 2007 LLC settled civil claims with the federal government for $90 million. This amount includes $70 million for civil penalties and $20 million for Supplemental Environmental Projects (SEPs) focused on land acquisition and habitat protection. Natural Resources Damage Assessment Early Restoration (NRDA) The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 requires that the government undertake a Natural Resource Damage Assessment following an oil release to help recover resources harmed by the oil. In April 2011, the natural resource trustees announced that BP had agreed to provide $1 billion in funding for early restoration projects. The trustees have approved three rounds of early restoration projects totaling almost $700 million. Gulf Environmental Benefit Fund () In early 2013, the federal government settled certain criminal claims against BP and Transocean, directing $2.544 billion to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation to fund projects benefiting the natural resources impacted by the oil disaster. BP will pay $2.394 billion of that, and Transocean will pay $150 million. These funds are divided among the states and will be allocated through March 9, 2015

2 Restoration Projects NAWCA Gulf Coast XI Restoration and Enhancement Unknown Unknown Coastal forests Unknown Unknown $ 992,051 MOEX Acquisition of Big Tree Ranch Aransas County, Coastal forests Habitat protection Habitat protection Land acquisition Conservation easement Land acquisition Conservation easement $ 1,900,000 MOEX Friends of the River San Bernard Natural Area Acquisition and Conservation Land acquisition Habitat protection $ 1,157,395 Conservation easement NRDA III Freeport Artificial Reef Areas of recreational Artificial fish habitat creation Artificial reef construction/enhancement $ 2,155,365 NRDA III Galveston Island State Park Marsh Restoration and Protection No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 10,745,060 NRDA III Matagorda Artificial Reef Areas of recreational Artificial fish habitat creation Artificial reef construction/enhancement $ 3,552,398 NRDA III Mid/Upper Coast Artificial Reef - Ship Reef Areas of recreational Artificial fish habitat creation Artificial reef construction/enhancement $ 1,919,765 NRDA III Sea Rim State Park Improvements Artificial fish habitat creation Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 210,100

3 Restoration Projects Galveston Island State Park Marsh Restoration and Protection Gulf Coast Migratory Waterfowl Habitat Enhancement Marsh planting/enhancement $ 2,489,200 Erosion control Private landowner enrollment in wetland Program/coordination conservation program $ 1,250,000 Freshwater wetland creation/enhancement Oyster Reef Restoration in East Bay Oyster reefs Oyster reef creation $ 840,000 Sea Rim State Park Coastal Dune Restoration Barrier islands/beaches West Galveston Bay Conservation Corridor Habitat Preservation Coastal Heritage Preserve Initiative: Bayside Acquisition and Easement Land use plan/implementation Dune/ridge creation Dune planting Implementation of existing plan Habitat protection Conservation easement Landscape or seascape wildlife corridors Habitat protection Conservation easement Anahuac NWR Coastal Marsh Acquisition Habitat protection Virginia Point Shoreline Protection and Marsh Restoration Land acquisition Conservation easements Barrier islands/beaches Habitat protection Land acquisition $ 2,632,500 Barrier islands/beaches Erosion control Artificial/hardened shoreline buffering Marsh planting/enhancement $ 189,400 $ 4,075,000 $ 4,363,200 $ 2,000,000 Oyster Lake Shoreline Protection and Restoration Barrier islands/beaches Erosion control Artificial material shoreline buffering Erosion control Artificial material shoreline buffering $ 1,200,000 Greens Lake Protection and Marsh Restoration: $ 125,000 Barrier islands/beaches Technical support (scientific expertise, modeling, Dollar Bay - Moses Lake Shoreline Enhancement etc.) and Restoration $ 130,300 Technical support (scientific expertise, modeling, etc.)

4 Restoration Projects Egery Flats Marsh Restoration Changes to hydrology Construction of weirs/diversions/other control structures Marsh planting/enhancement $ 1,587,000 Seagrasses Changes to hydrology Construction of weirs/diversions/other control structures Barrier islands/beaches Dune/ridge creation Nueces Bay Rookery Islands Restoration $ 1,145,000 Birds Nest Powderhorn Ranch Land acquisition Areas of ecological significance Habitat protection Land acquisition $ 34,493,800 Total $ 79,152,534 The descriptions of resource categories are Ocean Conservancy s evaluation of a project s intent as proposed by the NRDA trustees. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 mandates the use of NRDA funding to address injury to, destruction of, loss of, or loss of use of, natural resources. Some projects designed to enhance recreational use have not articulated, in the proposals, a clear nexus to injured resources or services in accordance with OPA and the NRDA regulations. See: 33 U.S.C. 2702(b)(2)(A) * This information is based on preliminary information made publically available. Determination of project type and restoration action is contingent upon information availability and may be subject to change. Additional information may be needed to increase accuracy of determinations.

5 Restoration Projects NAWCA Island Road Marsh Terracing Marsh planting/enhancement Erosion control Marsh planting/enhancement $ 704,000 Construction of weirs/diversions/other control Changes to hydrology NAWCA Tom's Bayou Restoration and Enhancement structures $ 761,675 Marsh planting/enhancement NAWCA Bayou L'Ours Marsh Terracing Marsh planting/enhancement Erosion control Marsh planting/enhancement $ 973,096 Habitat protection Land acquisition NAWCA Bayou Sauvage Protection Marsh planting/enhancement $ 888,735 Removal of non-native/invasive species MOEX Expansion of Maurepas Wildlife Management Area Habitat protection Land acquisition $ 6,750,000 NRDA I Lake Hermitage Marsh Creation Marsh planting/enhancement Marsh planting/enhancement $ 14,400,000 NRDA I Oyster Cultch Project Oyster reefs Oyster reef creation Oyster reefs Aquaculture Aquaculture facility construction $ 15,582,600 NRDA III Marine Fisheries Enhancement, Research, and Science Center Fisheries Aquaculture Aquaculture facility construction $ 22,000,000 Marsh planting/enhancement Outer Coast Restoration: Caillou Lake Barrier island/beaches Dune/ridge creation NRDA III Headlands, Chenier Ronquille Barrier Island, Shell $ 318,363,000 Island, North Breton Island (Breton NWR) Barrier island/beaches Dune planting

6 Restoration Projects Caminada Beach and Dune Increment II: Engineering & Design Lower Mississippi River Sediment Diversions: Planning Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion: Engineering & Design Barrier island/beaches Freshwater flow Freshwater flow Barrier islands/beaches Freshwater flow East Timbalier Island: Engineering & Design Barrier island/beaches Increase Atchafalaya Flow to Terrebonne: Planning Caminada Beach and Dune Increment II: Construction Adaptive Management: River Diversions and Barrier Islands Freshwater flow Barrier island/beaches Areas of economic significance Erosion control Erosion control Permitting Permitting Technical support (scientific expertise, modeling, etc.) Technical support (scientific expertise, modeling, etc.) Technical support (scientific expertise, modeling, etc.) Technical support (scientific expertise, modeling, etc.) Permitting Permitting Dune/ridge creation Dune planting Dune/ridge creation Dune planting Dune/ridge creation Dune planting Implementation of existing plan Adaptive management program development Implementation of existing plan Adaptive management program development $ 3,000,000 $ 6,000,000 $ 4,900,000 $ 13,600,000 $ 40,400,000 $ 144,550,000 $ 13,247,800 Total $ 606,120,906 * This information is based on preliminary information made publically available. Determination of project type and restoration action is contingent upon information availability and may be subject to change. Additional information may be needed to increase accuracy of determinations.

7 Mississippi Restoration Projects Mississippi NAWCA Mississippi Conservation Initiative I Habitat protection Conservation easements $ 876,479 Mississippi NAWCA Mississippi Conservation Initiative II Habitat protection Conservation easements $ 999,830 Mississippi MOEX Purchase of Portion of Cat Island Habitat protection Land acquisition $ 4,987,326 Mississippi NRDA I Mississippi Artificial Reef Habitat Areas of recreational Artificial fish habitat creation Artificial reef construction/enhancement $ 2,600,000 Mississippi NRDA I Mississippi Oyster Cultch Restoration Oyster reefs Oyster reef creation $ 11,000,000 Mississippi NRDA III Mississippi Hancock County Marsh Living Shoreline Project Oyster reefs Living shoreline Marsh planting/enhancement Oyster reef creation $ 50,000,000 Erosion control Living shoreline Mississippi NRDA III Pascagoula Beach Front Promenade Areas of economic/ recreational No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 3,800,000 Mississippi NRDA III Popp's Ferry Causeway Park Areas of economic/ recreational No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement Areas of economic/ recreational Erosion control Artificial/hardened shoreline buffering $ 4,757,000 Mississippi NRDA III Restoration Initiatives at the INFINITY Science Areas of economic/ Center recreational No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 10,400,000 Multi-state: AL/FL/MS NRDA II Comprehensive Program for Enhanced Management of Avian Breeding Habitat Injured by Response in the Florida Panhandle, Alabama, and Mississippi (includes Gulf Island National Seashore, St. Vincent NWR, Bon Secour NWR) Birds Existing stressor removal/reduction Predator control Outreach and education Nest detection/protection $ 4,658,118

8 Mississippi Restoration Projects Existing stressor Nest detection/protection Mississippi Coastal Bird Stewardship Program Birds Outreach and education $ 1,603,800 removal/reduction Research or study of resources, conditions/monitoring Mississippi Coastal Stream & Habitat Initiative Clean water Watershed planning $ 2,630,800 Mississippi Mississippi Coastal Preserves Program Areas of ecological significance Removal of non-native/invasive species $ 3,300,000 Mississippi Mississippi Coastal Restoration Plan Multiple resources Plan development Assessment and prioritization decision support tool Plan development $ 3,600,000 Mississippi Utilization of Dredge Material for Marsh Program/coordination Permitting Restoration in Coastal Mississippi Research or study of resources, conditions/monitoring Site preparation Marsh planting/enhancement $ 21,582,200 Mississippi Invasive Species Management on Coastal State Lands Areas of ecological significance Removal of non-native/invasive species $ 2,676,700 Mississippi Reef Fish Assessment for Mississippi Coastal and Collecting Fisheries dependent monitoring data Fisheries Nearshore Gulf Waters Collecting Fisheries independent monitoring data $ 4,582,500 Total $ 134,054,753 The descriptions of resource categories are Ocean Conservancy s evaluation of a project s intent as proposed by the NRDA trustees. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 mandates the use of NRDA funding to address injury to, destruction of, loss of, or loss of use of, natural resources. Some projects designed to enhance recreational use have not articulated, in the proposals, a clear nexus to injured resources or services in accordance with OPA and the NRDA regulations. See: 33 U.S.C. 2702(b)(2)(A) * This information is based on preliminary information made publically available. Determination of project type and restoration action is contingent upon information availability and may be subject to change. Additional information may be needed to increase accuracy of determinations.

9 Alabama Restoration Projects NRDA II Improving Habitat Injured by Spill Response: Turtle friendly lighting Sea turtles/terrapins Restoring the Night Sky (FWS implementing a Plan development $ 4,321,165 NRDA II Comprehensive Program for Enhanced Management of Avian Breeding Habitat Injured by Response in the Florida Panhandle, Alabama, and Mississippi (includes Gulf Island Birds Predator control Outreach and education $ 4,658,118 National Seashore, St. Vincent NWR, Bon Multi-state: AL/FL Multi-state: AL/FL/MS Alabama Alabama NRDA I NRDA I Secour NWR) Alabama Dune Restoration Cooperative Project (Bon Secour NWR) Marsh Island (Portersville Bay) Marsh Creation Alabama NRDA III Gulf State Park Enhancements Nest detection/protection Dune/ridge creation Barrier island/beaches $ 1,480,000 Dune planting Marsh planting/enhancement oyster creation Artificial/hardened shoreline buffering oyster creation Infrastructure construction/enhancement Outreach and education Barrier island/beaches Dune/ridge creation Alabama NRDA III Alabama Oyster Cultch Restoration Oyster reefs Oyster reef creation $ 3,239,485 Alabama NRDA III Alabama Swift Tract Living shoreline Living shoreline creation Oyster reefs Oyster reef creation Living shoreline creation Oyster reef creation $ 5,000,080 Alabama Restoration & Enhancement of Oyster Reefs in Alabama Oyster reefs Oyster reef creation $ 3,750,000 Improvements to water quality Riparian buffer Riparian buffer Erosion control Riparian buffer Alabama D'Olive Watershed Restoration Oyster reefs Erosion control No ecological benefit $ 11,280,000 $ 85,505,305 $ 6,781,000 Clean water Improvements to water quality Erosion control

10 Alabama Restoration Projects Marsh planting/enhancement Alabama Fowl River Watershed Restoration Multiple resources Watershed planning $ 2,050,000 Technical support (scientific expertise, modeling, etc.) Alabama Alabama Barrier Island Restoration Assessment Barrier islands/beaches $ 3,687,700 Plan development Program/coordination Coordination of restoration activities Alabama Alabama Alabama Marine Mammal Conservation and Recovery Program Enhanced Fisheries Monitoring in Alabama's Marine Waters Marine mammals Fisheries Technical support (scientific expertise, modeling, etc.) Enhance marine mammal stranding response Conduct necropsies Research or study of resources, conditions/monitoring Collecting Fisheries dependent monitoring data Collecting Fisheries independent monitoring data Program/coordination Watershed planning Alabama Coastal Habitat Restoration Planning Initiative Multiple resources $ 2,839,900 Mapping critical areas Total $ 137,674,353 The descriptions of resource categories are Ocean Conservancy s evaluation of a project s intent as proposed by the NRDA trustees. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 mandates the use of NRDA funding to address injury to, destruction of, loss of, or loss of use of, natural resources. Some projects designed to enhance recreational use have not articulated, in the proposals, a clear nexus to injured resources or services in accordance with OPA and the NRDA regulations. See: 33 U.S.C. 2702(b)(2)(A) * This information is based on preliminary information made publically available. Determination of project type and restoration action is contingent upon information availability and may be subject to change. Additional information may be needed to increase accuracy of determinations. $ 1,281,600 $ 1,800,000

11 Florida Restoration Projects Florida MOEX Purchase of Portion of Escribano Point Habitat protection Conservation easement $ 5,000,000 Florida MOEX Stormwater retrofit projects Clean water Improvements to water quality $ 5,000,000 Multi-state: AL/FL NRDA II Improving Habitat Injured by Spill Response: Restoring the Night Sky (FWS implementing a portion) Turtle friendly lighting Sea turtles/terrapins $ 4,321,165 Plan development Multi-state: AL/FL/MS NRDA II Comprehensive Program for Enhanced Management of Avian Breeding Habitat Injured by Response in the Florida Panhandle, Alabama, and Mississippi (includes Gulf Island National Seashore, St. Vincent NWR, Bon Secour NWR) Predator control Outreach and education Nest detection/protection Florida NRDA I Florida Boat Ramp Enhancement and Construction No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 5,067,255 Florida NRDA I Florida (Pensacola Beach) Dune Restoration Barrier island/beaches Dune/ridge creation Dune planting $ 644,487 Florida NRDA III Perdido Key Dune Restoration Project Barrier island/beaches Dune planting $ 611,234 Florida NRDA III Florida Pensacola Bay Living shoreline Living shoreline creation $ 10,828,063 Florida NRDA III Florida Seagrass Recovery Project Seagrasses Mapping critical areas Seagrass planting/enhancement $ 2,691,867 Florida NRDA III Florida Cat Point Living shoreline Project Florida NRDA III Strategically Provided Boat Access Along Florida's Gulf Coast Florida NRDA III Walton County Boardwalks and Dune Crossovers Florida NRDA III Bald Point State Park Recreation Areas Florida NRDA III Enhancements of Franklin County Parks and Boat Ramps Florida NRDA III Navarre Beach Park Gulfside Walkeover Complex Florida NRDA III Navarre Beach Park Coastal Access Florida NRDA III Gulf Breeze Wayside Park Boat Ramp Florida NRDA III Developing Enhanced Recreational Opportunities at Escribano Point Portion of the Yellow River Wildlife Management Area Birds Outreach and education $ 4,658,118 Living shoreline creation Oyster reefs Living shoreline creation $ 775,605 No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 3,248,340 No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 743,276 No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 470,800 No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 1,771,385 No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 1,221,847 No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 309,669 Infrastructure construction/enhancement No ecological benefit Debris removal Plan development $ 2,576,365

12 Florida Restoration Projects No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement Florida NRDA III Norriego Point Restoration and Recreation Project $ 10,228,130 Barrier island/beaches Erosion control Artificial/hardened shoreline buffering Florida NRDA III Deer Lake State Park Development No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 588,500 Florida NRDA III City of Parker - Oak Shore Drive Pier No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 993,649 Florida NRDA III Wakulla Marshes Sands Park Inprovement No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 1,500,000 No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement NW FL Estuarine Habitat Restoration, Protection and Florida NRDA III $ 4,643,547 Education - Fort Walton Beach Oyster reefs Oyster reef creation Marsh planting/enhancement Florida NRDA III Panama City Marina Fishing Pier, Boat Ramp and Staging Docks No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 2,000,000 Florida NRDA III Appalachicola River Wildlife and Environmental Area Fishing and Wildlife Viewing Access Improvements No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 262,989 Florida NRDA III Gulf County Recreation Projects No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 2,118,600 Florida NRDA III Florida Oyster Cultch Placement Project Oyster reefs Oyster reef creation $ 5,370,596 Florida NRDA III Florida Fish Hatchery Fisheries Aquaculture Aquaculture facility construction $ 18,793,500 Florida NRDA III Scallop Enhancement for Increased Recreational Fishing Opportunity in the FL Panhandle Fisheries Scallop planting $ 2,890,250 Florida NRDA III Florida Artificial Reefs Areas of recreational Artificial fish habitat creation Artificial reef construction/enhancement $ 11,463,587 Florida NRDA III Beach Enhancement Project at Gulf Island National Seashore Barrier island/beaches Debris removal Dune planting $ 10,836,055 Florida NRDA III Big Lagoon State Park Boat Ramp Improvements Areas of recreational/ economic No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 1,483,020 Florida NRDA III Bob Sikes Pier, Parking Trail Restoraiton Areas of recreational/ economic No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 1,023,990 Florida NRDA III Gulf Islands National Seashore Ferry Project Areas of recreational/ economic No ecological benefit Ferry boat purchase $ 4,020,000 Florida NRDA III Perdido Key State Park Beach Boardwalk Improvements Areas of recreational/ economic No ecological benefit Infrastructure construction/enhancement $ 588,500 Florida NRDA III Shell Point Beach Nourishment Barrier island/beaches Dune/ridge creation $ 882,750

13 Florida Restoration Projects Oyster reef creation Florida Apalachicola Bay Oyster Restoration Oyster reefs Research or study of resources, conditions/monitoring $ 4,189,400 Nest Research or study of resources, conditions/monitoring Florida Comprehensive Panhandle Coastal Bird Conservation Birds mapping, monitoring, and adaptive management $ 3,205,000 Nest detection/protection Outreach and education Florida Eliminating Light Pollution on Sea Turtle Nesting Beaches Sea turtles/terrapins Turtle friendly lighting $ 1,499,300 Florida Florida Enhanced Assessment for Recovery of Gulf of Mexico Collecting Fisheries independent monitoring data Fisheries Fisheries Phase I Collecting Fisheries dependent monitoring data Infrastructure construction/enhancement Government Street Regional Stormwater Pond at Corrine Clean water Improvements to water quality Jones Park Freshwater wetland creation/enhancement $ $ 3,000,000 2,106,500 Florida Management & Restoration of Escribano Point Coastal Habitat Phase I Areas of ecological significance Habitat protection/enhancement Land acquisition $ 1,731,000 Florida Restoration & Management of Escribano Point Coastal Habitat -- Phase II Areas of ecological significance Habitat protection/enhancement Land acquisition $ 1,486,800 Florida Enhanced Assessment for Recovery of Gulf of Mexico Collecting Fisheries independent monitoring data Fisheries Fisheries -- Phase II Collecting Fisheries dependent monitoring data $ 3,000,000 Habitat protection/enhancement Nest Florida Florida Shorebird Conservation Initiative Birds Education and outreach $ 1,489,800 Research or study of resources, conditions/monitoring Florida Benthic Habitat Mapping, Characterization and Assessment Fisheries Sea turtles/terrapins Mapping critical areas Research or study of resources, conditions/monitoring Mapping critical areas Research or study of resources, conditions/monitoring $ 4,477,900 Florida Oyster Reef Habitat Restoration in the Saint Andrew Bay Oyster reefs Oyster reef creation $ 1,973,500 Florida Restoration of Florida's Coastal Dune Lakes Invasive species removal Fire management/reintroduction Freshwater flow Invasive species removal $ 3,045,400

14 Total Florida Restoration Projects Florida Bayou Chico Restoration Florida Destin Harbor, Joe's Bayou, and Indian Bayou Water Quality Improvement Florida Boggy Bayou Watershed Water Quality Improvement Clean water Seagrasses Clean water Seagrasses Clean water Seagrasses Land use plan/implementation improvements to water quality Land use plan/implementation improvements to water quality Improvements to water quality Improvements to water quality Improvements to water quality Improvements to water quality Implementation of existing plan Riparian buffer Implementation of existing plan Riparian buffer Runoff reduction on private/public lands Runoff reduction on private/public lands Riparian buffer Living shoreline creation Invasive species removal Living shoreline creation $ 11,032,300 $ 3,593,600 $ 4,223,000 $ 169,680,639 The descriptions of resource categories are Ocean Conservancy s evaluation of a project s intent as proposed by the NRDA trustees. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 mandates the use of NRDA funding to address injury to, destruction of, loss of, or loss of use of, natural resources. Some projects designed to enhance recreational use have not articulated, in the proposals, a clear nexus to injured resources or services in accordance with OPA and the NRDA regulations. See: 33 U.S.C. 2702(b)(2)(A) * This information is based on preliminary information made publically available. Determination of project type and restoration action is contingent upon information availability and may be subject to change. Additional information may be needed to increase accuracy of determinations.

15 Resource Types* Project Type Restoration Action Areas of ecological significance Adaptive management program development Necropsy Areas of economic Aquaculture Aquaculture facility construction Nest detection/protection Areas of recreational Changes to hydrology Artificial reef construction/enhancement Nest Barrier island/beaches Erosion control Artificial/hardened shoreline buffering New program development Birds Existing stressor reduction/removal Assessment and prioritization decision support tool Outreach and education Clean water Collect Fisheries dependent monitoring data Oyster reef creation Coastal forests Artificial fish habitat creation Collect Fisheries independent monitoring data Permitting Coral reefs Habitat Protection Conservation easement Plan development Fisheries Improvements to water quality Construction of weirs/diversions/other control structures Predator control Freshwater flow Land use plan/implementation Contaminated sediment removal/site reclamation Private landowner enrollment in conservation program Landscape and seascape wildlife corridors No ecological benefit Coordination of restoration activities Removal of non-native/invasive species Mangroves Coral restoration Remove impedements to freshwater flows (ditches/roads) Marine mammals Program/coordination Debris removal Research or study of resources, conditions/monitoring Ocean habitats (pelagic and deep benthic) Dune planting Riparian buffer areas Oyster reefs Dune/ridge creation Runoff reduction on private/public lands Sea turtles/terrapins Scallop plantings Seagrasses Enhance marine mammal stranding response Seagrass planting/enhancement Ferry purchase Site preparation (dredge and fill) Fire management/reintroduction Freshwater wetland creation/enhancement Sub-grants to RESTORE-ineligible entities Implementation of existing plans Technical support (scientific expertise, modeling, etc) Infrastructure construction Turtle friendly lighting Land acquisition Unknown Living shoreline creation Upland/longleaf pine restoration Mapping critical areas Watershed planning Marsh planting/enhancement Workforce development * Resource types adapted from GRP Coalition Strategy Document, "Strategy for Restoring the Gulf of Mexico, Recommendations to the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force." Available at: masgc.org/assets/uploads/publications/restorationstrategy.pdf The descriptions of resource categories are Ocean Conservancy s evaluation of a project s intent as proposed by the NRDA trustees. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 mandates the use of NRDA funding to address injury to, destruction of, loss of, or loss of use of, natural resources. Some projects designed to enhance recreational use have not articulated, in the proposals, a clear nexus to injured resources or services in accordance with OPA and the NRDA regulations. See: 33 U.S.C. 2702(b)(2)(A) This information is based on preliminary information made publically available. Determination of project type and restoration action is contingent upon information availability and may be subject to change. Additional information may be needed to increase accuracy of determinations.