Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Rodent Survival Surgery Guidance

Transcription

1 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee This guidance document includes tables of information and references as a resource for PIs. Please review the Brown University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Rodent Survival Surgery Policy for more information. TABLE - RECOMMENDED HARD SURFACE DISINFECTANTS* (e.g., table tops, equipment) AGENT EXAMPLES ** COMMENTS Alcohols 70% ethyl alcohol 85% isopropyl alcohol Contact time required is 5 minutes. Contaminated surfaces take longer to disinfect. Remove gross contamination before using. Quaternary Ammonium Roccal, Quatricide Tec-Surf II Sodium hypochlorite (Clorox 0% solution) dioxide (Clidox, Alcide, MB-0 ) Dispatch (Cidex, Cetylcide, Cide Wipes ) Rapidly inactivated by organic matter. Compounds may support growth of gram negative bacteria. Corrosive. Presence of organic matter reduces activity. dioxide must be fresh; kills vegetative organisms within 3 minutes of contact. Note: chlorox solutions need to be made up fresh daily to maintain activity, whereas Dispatch, available from Environmental Services, is labeled as stable for year. Rapidly disinfects surfaces. Phenolics Lysol, TBQ Less affected by organic material than other disinfectants. Chlorhexidine Nolvasan, Hibiclens Presence of blood does not interfere with activity. Rapidly bactericidal and sistent. Effective against many viruses. *Always follow manufacturer's instructions for dilution and expiration iods. **The use of common brand names as examples does not indicate a product endorsement. Version, 3/0

2 TABLE 2 - SKIN DISINFECTANTS * Iodophors Cholorhexidine Betadine, Prepodyne, Wescodyne Nolvasan, Hibiclens Reduced activity in presence of organic matter. Wide range of microbicidal action. Works best in ph 6-7. Presence of blood does not interfere with activity. Rapidly bactericidal and sistent. Effective against many viruses. Excellent for use on skin. Alternating disinfectants is more effective than using a single agent. For example, an iodophor scrub (with soap) can be alternated once with 70% alcohol, followed by a final soaking with a disinfectant solution (without soap). Alcohol, by itself, is not an adequate skin disinfectant. Since the evaporation of alcohol can induce hypothermia in small animals, avoid exposing excessively large areas. *Always follow manufacturer's instructions for dilution and expiration iods. **The use of common brand names as examples does not indicate a product endorsement. TABLE 3 - PROCEDURES FOR STERILIZING SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS * --RECOMMENDED METHODS FOR STERILIZING SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS-- Steam sterilization (moist heat) Dry Heat Autoclave Hot Bead Sterilizer Dry Chamber Effectiveness dependent upon temature, pressure and time (e.g., 2 o C for 5 min. vs. 3 o C for 3 min.). Fast. Instruments must be cooled before contacting tissue. Only tips of instruments are sterilized with hot beads. Instruments should be cleaned prior to inserting in the hot bead sterilizer. Replace the beads the manufacture s recommendations. --ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR STERILIZING SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS-- Gas Sterilization Ethylene Oxide Requires 30% or greater relative humidity for effectiveness against spores. Gas is irritating to tissue; all materials require safe airing time. Dioxide Corrosive to instruments. Instruments must be rinsed with a minimum of (3) fresh washes of sterile saline or sterile water before use. Hydrogen Peroxide- Acetic Acid Glutaraldehyde (Cidex, Cetylcide, Metricide ) Actril Spor-Klenz Several hours required for sterilization. Corrosive and irritating. Instruments must be rinsed with a minimum of (3) fresh washes of sterile saline or sterile water before use. Several hours required for sterilization. Corrosive and irritating. Instruments must be rinsed with a minimum of (3) fresh washes of sterile saline or sterile water before use. * Always follow manufacturer's instructions for dilution, exposure times and expiration iods. ** The use of common brand names as examples does not indicate a product endorsement. Version, 3/0

3 TABLE 4 - RECOMMENDED INSTRUMENT DISINFECTANTS * Chlorhexidine Sodium hypochlorite (Clorox 0% solution) dioxide (Clidox, Alcide ) Nolvasan Hibiclens Corrosive to instruments. Presence of organic matter reduces activity. dioxide must be fresh. Kills vegetative organisms within 3 min. Instruments must be rinsed with a minimum of (3) fresh washes of sterile saline or sterile water before use. Presence of blood does not interfere with activity. Rapidly bactericidal and sistent. Effective against many viruses. Instruments must be rinsed with a minimum of (3) fresh washes of sterile saline or sterile water before use. *Always follow manufacturer's instructions for dilution, exposure times and expiration iods. ** The use of common brand names as examples does not indicate a product endorsement. TABLE 5 - WOUND CLOSURE SELECTION MATERIAL* CHARACTERISTICS AND FREQUENT USES Polyglactin 90 (Vicryl ), Polydiaxanone (PDS ), or Polyglyconate (Maxon ) Polypropylene (Prolene ) Nylon (Ethilon ) Silk Chromic Gut Stainless Steel Wound Clips, Staples Cyanoacrylate (Vetbond, Nexaband ) Absorbable; days. Ligate or suture tissues where an absorbable suture is desirable. Absorbable; 6 months. Ligate or suture tissues especially where an absorbable suture and extended wound support is desirable Non-absorbable. Inert. Non-absorbable. Inert. General skin closure. Non-absorbable. Restrict the use of silk to cardiovascular procedures or where silk s excellent handling proties are critical. Avoid for such purposes as routine skin closure since it may wick microorganisms into the wound, and cause tissue reactivity. Absorbable. Versatile material. Non-absorbable. Requires instrument for removal. Skin glue. For non-tension bearing wounds. Note: use only products labeled for surgical use, su glue is not acceptable for surgery. Suture gauge selection: Use the smallest gauge suture material that will form adequately. Cutting and reverse cutting needles: Provide edges that will cut through dense, difficult to penetrate tissue, such as skin. Non-cutting, ta point or round needles: Have no edges to cut through tissue; used primarily for suturing easily torn tissues such as itoneum or intestine. * The use of common brand names as examples does not indicate a product endorsement. TABLE 6 ANESTHESIA Version, 3/0

4 Inhaled anesthetics: Isoflurane delivered by mask or endotracheal tube via a precision vaporizer is recommended for all species. Vaporizers are available for use in Ship St. and Biomed procedure rooms. Please contact ACF for information regarding vaporizer availability and training. For very brief procedures, (e.g., tail biopsies for genotyping), it may be acceptable to use isoflurane or other inhalant anesthetics, without a precision vaporizer, in a bell-jar placed in a fume hood while precluding direct contact of animal skin with inhalant anesthetics. In all cases the anesthetic vapors must be adequately vented to prevent inadvertent exposure of sonnel. Injectable anesthetics: Injectable anesthetics are appropriate for many procedures. There is, however, a great deal of variation in depth and duration of anesthesia among rodent strains and individual animals. ANESTHETIC MOUSE RAT GUINEA PIG Ketamine/ Dexmedetomidine Cocktail Ketamine/ Xylazine Cocktail 2 75 mg kg - i/p 0.5 mg kg - i/p SQ or IP, may not produce surgical plane of anesthesia in some mice 75 mg kg - i/p 0.25 mg mg kg - i/p mg kg - i/p 3 mg kg - i/p 40 mg kg - i/p 0.25 mg mg kg - i/p 35 mg kg mg kg - Pentobarbital mg kg - i/p mg kg - i/p 28 mg kg - IP The 2 components can be mixed with water for injection (WFI) (USP water) see table for Rodent Cocktail Solutions below. 2 Xylazine is a potent respiratory depressant. Supplemental dosing, if necessary, should be done with ½ the original dose of ketamine alone. 3 Consider replacing with inhalant or another injectable anesthetic. Consult veterinarians for information. TABLE 7 RODENT COCKTAIL SOLUTIONS MOUSE RAT GUINE A PIG MOUSE RAT GUINEA PIG Version, 3/0

5 Ketamine ml (00 mg ml - ) 3.75 ml 3.75 ml Ketamine ml (00 mg ml - ) 0.5 ml 3.75 ml 2.0 ml Xylazine 2.5 ml 2.5 ml Dexmedetomidine 0.5 ml 2.5 ml 2.5mL (0 mg ml - ) (0.5 mg ml - ) WFI 3.75 ml 3.75 ml WFI 4.0 ml 3.75 ml 5.5 ml Total Volume 0.0 ml 0.0 ml Total Volume 5.0 ml 0.0 ml 0.0 ml Dosage 0.2 ml 00gm 0.2 ml 00gm Dosage 0. ml 0 gm 0.2 ml 00gm 2.0mL kg Consult veterinarians for information. TABLE 8 - ANALGESICS/ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS * AGENT MOUSE RAT GUINEA PIG Buprenorphine mg kg - SQ 0.05 mg kg - SQ 0.05 mg kg - SQ Every 2 hours Every 2 hours Every 2 hours Butorphanol mg kg - SQ 2 mg kg - SQ Every 4 hours Every 4 hours Meloxicam 0.3 mg kg - PO mg kg - PO 0.2 mg kg - PO Carprofen 5 mg kg - SQ Every 24 hours 5 mg kg - SQ Every 24 hours * The IACUC must approve the exclusion of analgesics/anti-inflammatory agents for eximental surgery. If you feel that these agents are likely to interfere with the objectives of your research, provide a scientific justification for their exclusion in your protocol. Consult veterinarians for information. References: NRC (National Research Council), Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Washington D.C., National Academy Press. The Animal Welfare Act, 7USC Sec 23 et seq. Title 9, Code of Federal Regulations, parts, 2, & 3, January 998. Laboratory Animal Anesthesia, A practical introduction for research workers and technicians., 2 nd Edition, P.A. Flecknell (996) Version, 3/0