INTERNET MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS TUTORIAL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 29 OCTOBER 1999 AIKO PRAS UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE THE NETHERLANDS

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1 INTERNET MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS THE SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL 1 TUTORIAL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 9 OCTOBER 1999 AIKO PRAS UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE THE NETHERLANDS pras@ctit.utwente.nl OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION SNMP GOALS SNMP STRUCTURE STRUCTURE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SCALARS TABLES SMI MANAGEMENT INFORMATION BASE MIB-II SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL SNMP FURTHER INFORMATION

2 SNMP GOALS UBIQUITY PCs AND CRAYs INCLUSION OF MANAGEMENT SHOULD BE INEXPENSIVE SMALL CODE LIMITED FUNCTIONALITY MANAGEMENT EXTENSIONS SHOULD BE POSSIBLE NEW MIBs MANAGEMENT SHOULD BE ROBUST CONNECTIONLESS TRANSPORT STRUCTURE 4 MANAGER POLLING TRAPS SNMP SNMP AGENTS

3 STRUCTURE OF MANAGEMENT INFO 5 SMI STRUCTURE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION RFC 1155 CONCISE MIB DEFINITIONS RFC 11 MAKES THE DEFINITION OF (NEW) MIBs EASIER SMI 6 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION WITHIN MANAGED SYSTEMS MUST BE REPRESENTED AS: SCALARS TABLES (= TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS OF SCALARS) THE SNMP PROTOCOL CAN ONLY EXCHANGE (A LIST OF) SCALARS DEFINED IN TERMS OF ASN.1 CONSTRUCTS

4 SMI: DATA TYPES FOR SCALARS 7 SIMPLE TYPES INTEGER OCTET STRING OBJECT IDENTIFIER NULL APPLICATION-WIDE TYPES IpAddress NetworkAddress Counter Gauge TimeTicks Opaque EXAMPLE OF SCALAR OBJECTS 8 MANAGED OBJECT INSTANCES address name uptime SNMP MANAGER AGENT

5 OBJECT NAMING 9 INTRODUCE NAMING TREE new-mib: 1 address (1) info () name (1) uptime () printer THE LEAVES OF THE TREE REPRESENT THE MANAGED OBJECTS NODES ARE INTRODUCED FOR NAMING PURPOSES OBJECT NAMING 10 address Object ID = 1.1 Object Instance = Value of Instance = info Object ID = 1. name Object ID = 1..1 Object Instance = Value of Instance = printer-1 uptime Object ID = 1.. Object Instance = Value of Instance = 1456 ALTERNATIVE: Object ID = new-mib info uptime

6 OBJECT NAMING: MIBs 11 ROOT CCITT (0) ISO (1) JOINT-ISO-CCITT () STND (0) REG-AUTH (1) MB () ID-ORG () DOD (6) INTERNET (1) DIRECTORY (1) MNGT () EXP () PRIVATE (4) MIB-II (1) TABLES 1 EXAMPLE: ROUTING TABLE destination next TO RETRIEVE INDIVIDUAL TABLE ENTRIES EACH ENTRY SHOULD GET A NAME

7 NAMING OF TABLE ENTRIES - I 1 POSSIBILITY 1 (NOT BEING USED BY SNMP): USE ROW NUMBERS new-mib: 1 address (1) info () route-table () name (1) uptime () printer this is row 5 dest(1) next() EXAMPLE: THE VALUE OF new-mib route-table next 5 IS NAMING OF TABLE ENTRIES - II 14 POSSIBILITY (USED BY SNMP): INTRODUCE AN INDEX COLUMN new-mib: 1 address (1) info () route-table () name (1) uptime () printer dest(1) next() EXAMPLE: THE VALUE OF new-mib route-table next 5 IS

8 TABLE INDEXING 15 GENERAL SCHEME X.C.I OID of Table Column number Index value EXAMPLES: OID of Table = => => => => => => entry does not exist => entry does not exist TABLE INDEXING - NON-INTEGER INDEX 16 AN INDEX NEED NOT BE AN INTEGER route-table () dest (1) next () EXAMPLES: OID of Table = => => => => =>

9 TABLE INDEXING - MULTIPLE INDEX FIELDS 17 USE OF MULTIPLE INDEX FIELDS X.C.I1.I OID of Table Column number Index value 1 Index value TABLE INDEXING - MULTIPLE INDEX FIELDS: EXAMPLE 18 EXAMPLE: 1 = low costs = high reliability route-table () dest (1) policy () next () => =>

10 MIB-II 19 DEFINES THE VARIABLES TO MANAGE THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL STACK 170 VARIABLES RFC 11 ENHANCEMENT OF MIB-I RFC 1156 DESIGN CRITERIA 0 ESSENTIAL FOR FAULT OR CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT ONLY WEAK CONTROL OBJECTS SMALL NUMBER OF OBJECTS AVOID REDUNDANCY EVIDENCE OF UTILITY DO NOT DISTURB NORMAL OPERATION NO IMPLEMENTATION SPECIFIC ISSUES

11 STRUCTURE 1 MIB-II SYSTEM (1) AT () ICMP (5) UDP (7) TRANSMISSION (10) INTERFACES () IP (4) TCP (6) EGP (8) SNMP (11) MIB-II GROUPS IN A PROTOCOL STACK SYSTEM SNMP TCP UDP IP ICMP EGP AT INTERFACES TRANSMISSION

12 SYSTEM GROUP system (1) sysdescr (1) sysuptime () sysname (5) sysservices (7) sysobjectid () syscontact (4) syslocation (6) EXAMPLE 4 sysdescr: sysobjectid: sysuptime: syscontact: sysname: syslocation: sysservices: "Cisco Gateway" (4 days, 7 h, 1 min, 14. s) "helpdesk@cs.utwente.nl" "utic01.cs.utwente.nl" "near logica meeting room" 6 (bridge and router functions)

13 INTERFACES GROUP 5 interface () ifnumber (1) iftable () iftable 6 ifindex ifdescr iftype ifmtu ifspeed ifphysaddress ifadminstatus ifoperstatus iflastchange ifinoctets ifinucastpkts ifinnucastpkts ifindiscards ifinerrors ifinunknownprotos ifoutoctets ifoutucastpkts ifoutnucastpkts ifoutdiscards ifouterrors ifoutqlen ifspecific 1 n

14 iftype and ifstatus 7 iftype EXAMPLES: 1 Undefined 16 LAPB 6 Ethernet 0 ISDN Basic 7 IEEE ISDN Primary 8 IEEE 80.4 PPP 9 IEEE Loopback 10 IEEE SLIP 15 FDDI Frame Relay ifadminstatus / ifoperstatus 1 = up = down = testing IF PACKET COUNT 8 ifinucastpkts + ifinnucastpkts ifoutucastpkts + ifoutnucastpkts ifindiscards ifinunknownprotos ifouterrors ifinerrors ifoutdiscards

15 SNMP PROTOCOL 9 MANAGER SNMP PDUs AGENT MIB UDP UDP IP IP LINK LINK MESSAGE & PDU STRUCTURE 0 variable bindings: NAME 1 VALUE 1 NAME VALUE NAME n VALUE n SNMP PDU: PDU TYPE * REQUEST ERROR ERROR ID STATUS INDEX VARIABLE BINDINGS SNMP message: VERSION COMMUNITY SNMP PDU

16 GET 1 MANAGER GET AGENT RESPONSE TO REQUEST THE VALUE OF 1 OR MORE VARIABLES NoSuchName toobig POSSIBLE ERRORS: Object does not exist / Object is not a leaf Result does not fit in Response PDU generr All other causes EXAMPLE MIB 1 address (1) info () route-table () name (1) uptime () printer route-entry (1) index (1) dest () next ()

17 GET EXAMPLES GET(1.1.0) RESPONSE(1.1.0 => ) GET(1..0) RESPONSE(ErrorStatus = NoSuchName) GET(1.1) RESPONSE(ErrorStatus = NoSuchName) GET(1.1.0; 1...0) RESPONSE(1.1.0 => ; => 1456) GET( ) RESPONSE( => 4) GET( ) RESPONSE( => ) GET( , ) RESPONSE( => 7, => ) SET 4 MANAGER SET AGENT RESPONSE SET( => my-printer) RESPONSE(noError; => my-printer) POSSIBLE ERRORS: nosuchname badvalue generr toobig

18 ATOMICITY 5 THE SET REQUEST IS ATOMIC SET( => my-printer, => 0) RESPONSE(ErrorStatus = nosuchname; ErrorIndex = ) GET-NEXT 6 MANAGER GET-NEXT AGENT RESPONSE RETRIEVES THE INSTANCE NAME AND VALUE OF THE NEXT MIB ELEMENT TO DISCOVER MIB STRUCTURES TO RETRIEVE TABLE ROWS POSSIBLE ERRORS: nosuchname (= END OF MIB) generr toobig

19 GET-NEXT EXAMPLES 7 GET-NEXT(1.1.0) RESPONSE( => printer-1) GET-NEXT(1..1.0) RESPONSE(1...0 => 1456) GET-NEXT(1.1) RESPONSE(1.1.0 => ) GET-NEXT( ) RESPONSE( => ) GET-NEXT( ) RESPONSE( => ) GET-NEXT( ; ; ) RESPONSE( => ; => ; => ) LEXICOGRAPHICAL ORDERING 8 THE MIB CAN BE CONSIDERED AS AN ORDERED LIST INSTANCE ID INSTANCE VALUE printer

20 TRAP 9 MANAGER AGENT TRAP TRAP RECEPTION IS NOT CONFIRMED (THUS UNRELIABLE) POLLING REMAINS NECESSARY AGENTS MAY BE CONFIGURED TO DISCARD TRAPS DEFINED TRAPS 40 COLDSTART WARMSTART LINKDOWN LINKUP AUTHENTICATION FAILURE EGPNEIGHBOURLOSS ENTERPRISESPECIFICTRAP

21 TRAP - PDU FORMAT 41 ENTERPRISE AGENT-ADDRESS GENERIC-TRAP SPECIFIC-TRAP TIME-STAMP VARIABLE-BINDINGS CONCLUSIONS 4 COMMERCIAL SNMP SOFTWARE FREE SNMP SOFTWARE WWW SERVERS BOOKS

22 COMMERCIAL SNMP SOFTWARE 4 BULL OPENMASTER HP OPENVIEW SNMP RESEARCH CABLETRON SPECTRUM SUN SOLSTICE TIVOLI FREE SNMP SOFTWARE 44 CMU UCD Scotty JMAPI Advent ModularSnmp

23 WWW SERVERS 45 IETF The SimpleWeb The Simple Times The Smurfland NM Web Server BOOKS 46 W. Stallings SNMP, SNMPv, SNMPv and RMON1 and Third edition, Addison-Wesley, 1999 ISBN: D. Zeltserman A Practical Guide to SNMPv and Network Management Prentice Hall, 1999 ISBN: D. Perkins, E. McGinnis Understanding SNMP MIBs Prentice Hall, 1996 ISBN:

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