MAGNT Research Report (ISSN ) Vol.3 (2). PP:

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1 MAGNT Research Reort (ISSN ) Vol.3 (2). PP: Exlaiig the Model of the Imact of Demograhic Variables with kowledge ad Collaborative Accordig to the Moderatig Role of Orgaizatioal Culture at the Melli Bak of Khorasa Razavi Alireza Ggolafshai 1. S. M. Ghayour 2 ad Meisam Rajkesh 3 1,2,3 Deartmet of Busiess, Neyshabur Brach, Islamic Azad Uiversity. Neyshabur, Ira Received: Dec. 214 & Published: Feb. 2 Abstract The mai objective of this study was to exlai the ifluece of demograhic variables with kowledge maagemet ad collaborative maagemet accordig to the moderatig effect of orgaizatioal culture. I this regard, Melli Bak of Khorasa Razavi which their umber is reorted to be..eole has bee selected as the target oulatio, ad emloyee were selected as the samle.the tool for collectig data i this study was the stadardized orgaizatioal culture questioaire based o Robbis model, collaborative maagemet questioaire, Noaka kowledge maagemet questioaire ad aalysis of variace test was used to examie ad codify the research model. The fidigs idicated that based o geder differeces there is a sigificat relatioshi betwee kowledge maagemet ad orgaizatioal culture. This meas that i kowledge maagemet ad orgaizatioal, wome's mea score is higher. Keywords: kowledge maagemet, collaborative maagemet, orgaizatioal culture 1. Itroductio Nowadays the bakig idustry is cosidered as oe of the major ecoomic istitutios. The bakig idustry has a basic role i the coutry s ecoomic develomet ad creates security ad trust i society ad also rovides the basis for exasio of roductio ad service activities.the develomet of bakig idustry is symmetrical with our coutry s ecoomic growth. Modificatio of the ecoomic status of a coutry ad icreasig the exchages ad develoig livig coditios ad imrovemets i the ivestmet leads to the develomet of bakig idustry ad i cotrast, the develomet ad dissemiatio of the bakig idustry leads to the imrovemet of eole's livig coditios ad hels maitai atioal wealth ad the formatio of large savigs. Nowadays bakig idustry, as a imortat fiacial istrumet, has become a imortat idustry i the coutry ad rovides service to differet society classes. Also, bakig is regarded as the most imortat ifrastructure services i every society which has a lot of ifluece i the ecoomic ad trade develomet i the society. Nowadays bakig idustry itself alog the develomets i the ecoomy ad trade world is chagig raidly which ca be solved by usig huma resources. Researches have bee show that baks icrease their beefits like ever before by icreasig loyal ad first class customers ad creatig effective satisfactio i customers. This will become a s.ghayour@yahoo.com (DOI: dx.doi.org/ / /32/magnt.24)

2 MAGNT Research Reort (ISSN ) Vol.3 (2). PP: reality by ivestig i creatig kowledge maagemet ad collaborative maagemet due to the mediatig role of orgaizatioal culture. So, baks i the curret market, i order to achieve cometitive advatages ad rovidig efficiet techology, service rovidig ad services that customers have i mid, emhasis o kowledge maagemet ad collaborative maagemet, are the best ad most effective otio for achievig this urose. I the recet years, kowledge maagemet has become a vital ad imortat discussio subject i busiess texts. Both commercial ad scietific commuities believe that orgaizatios with the kowledge ower ca maitai their log term advatages i the cometitive fields. Orgaizatios to use kowledge 3 must quickly create a balace i kowledge maagemet activities (Keshavarz ad Ramazai, 1389).Geerally, such a balace requires makig chages i orgaizatioal culture, techiques ad techologies.( Bamfors, 1991) As a result, orgaizatios rior kowledge roceedigs must take a careful look at their orgaizatioal culture. Orgaizatioal culture is cosidered as a ricial factor i the field of kowledge maagemet. (Nickor ad Salajegheh, 1389). The ability to use iformatio ad techology ad iovatio maagemet ad rocesses caabilities i tur relies o the ability of latet learig withi the orgaizatio. Trasmissio ad kowledge creatio requires orgaizatioal culture i which idividuals ad grous would wat to collaborate with oe aother ad towards their mutual iterests, direct their kowledge with each other. Also, kowledge maagemet i leadig orgaizatios hels create kowledge sharig culture amog the emloyees ad collaborative maagemet ad by covertig huma resources to structured itellectual assets creates value for the orgaizatio(daveort ad Prussia, 29). Therefore, orgaizatios must create a eviromet for sharig, trasmittig ad exchagig kowledge amog members ad trai idividuals cocetualizig their iteractios. Due to the icreasig comlexity ad the raid chages of orgaizatioal eviromet, creatig a shared ad systematic visio ad though i the orgaizatio ad also the establishmet of collaborative maagemet i the orgaizatio is felt, o the other had, the effective imlemetatio of a collaborative maagemet style is doe by the orgaizatioal culture. Orgaizatioal culture ca rovide a suitable latform for articiatio of idividuals ad creatig collaborative maagemet. As a result, accordig to the role of culture i relatio to kowledge maagemet ad collaborative maagemet 4, by oly reviewig ad chagig the culture ad creatig a orgaizatioal culture which is suitable ad flexible, we ca gradually chage the atter of behavior betwee idividuals i the orgaizatio ad take advatage of kowledge maagemet ad collaborative maagemet as a cometitive advatage. A research was coducted by Tesig i 21 with the title, the relatioshi betwee orgaizatioal culture ad covertig kowledge to erformace of the comay. The results of the questioaire aalysis showed that the cultural democracy rovides covertig kowledge ad icreasig erformace of cororate comaies better tha hierarchy ad tribal cultures. If the orgaizatio would be able to foster a democracy culture, creatig a eviromet i which workers ca lear kowledge, feel comfortable, ad have a chace to show 3 داوش مدیریت مشارکتی 4 (DOI: dx.doi.org/ / /32/magnt.24)

3 MAGNT Research Reort (ISSN ) Vol.3 (2). PP: talet ad iovatio will imrove comay s erformace ad icreases comay s value, will be easy. Research by Ajmal ad Hloder 21 by the title Orgaizatioal culture ad kowledge maagemet: A emirical study i Fiish rojectbased comaies was coducted. The urose of this study is to reset a ractical source for uderstadig cultural works i rojectbased orgaizatios i order to ifluece kowledge maagemet actios. Fidigs obtaied from data aalysis is doe by usig statistical rocedures. It seems that orgaizatioal culture has a cosiderable effect o kowledge maagemet i rojectbased comaies. The fidigs of this study was restricted to Fiish rojectbased comaies. The roject maagemet must fully focus o orgaizatioal culture effects i order to ressure o kowledge maagemet actios i their rojects. Research by AlAlawi et al i 27 as the orgaizatioal culture ad kowledge sharig: A key success factor was coducted. Fidigs suggest that systems of trust, commuicatios, iformatio, rewards ad orgaizatio structure is ositively related to kowledge sharig i orgaizatios. Research by Gua et al i 26 as the imact of culture o kowledge maagemet: a qualitative case study was coducted. This study reviews differet cultural factors (Cooeratio, mutual trust, leadershi, icetives / rewards) by usig multile case study method withi a critical realist research atter ad fidigs showed that these factors have a effect o kowledge maagemet actios. This study also showed that cultural factors have a imortat role i facilitatig kowledge maagemet actios i these comaies i Malaysia. Also, fidigs showed that cooeratio, mutual trust, leadershi, icetives / rewards have sigificat imact o the level of kowledge maagemet erformace. Accordig to the fidigs of this study, it is suggested that authorities ay sufficiet attetio to cultural factors to make sure that kowledge maagemet actios by Malaysia comaies has bee coducted efficietly. Research i 26 by Cagas was coducted as assessig the relatioshi betwee orgaizatioal culture ad cotiuous kowledge maagemet iitiatives. The urose of this study is to review the relatioshi betwee varieties of orgaizatioal culture of electroic busiess i trasortatio idustry. Aalysis of quatitative data usig collected questioaires 5 ad aalysis of qualitative data from iterviews, observatios, ad documets were coducted. Qualitative desig requires three comoets of survey tool: Resodet demograhic characteristics, orgaizatioal culture assessmet tools, ad evaluatio of kowledge maagemet. The cometig value framework rovides these isights ito how a electroic busiess orgaizatio may imrove creatig value. The results obtaied from this study may hel idetify whether kowledge maagemet iitiatives were beeficial ad useful for a e busiess orgaizatios, or determiig the tye of secific orgaizatioal culture ad imlemetig kowledge maagemet iitiatives. I a correct orgaizatioal culture, kowledge maagemet may be a effective strategic iitiative i the log ru, icreasig value ad hel the orgaizatio gai a cometitive advatage. Research by Cagas i 25 as evaluatig the relatioshi betwee orgaizatioal culture ad cotiuatio of kowledge maagemet i the trasort idustry was coducted. The urose of evaluatio is the relatioshi betwee پرسشىام 5 (DOI: dx.doi.org/ / /32/magnt.24)

4 MAGNT Research Reort (ISSN ) Vol.3 (2). PP: orgaizatioal culture ad cotiuatio of kowledge maagemet i the trasort idustry. The fidigs of this study rovided a strog ad aroriate orgaizatioal culture i the field of imlemetig kowledge maagemet strategy ad lead to log term successes, imrovemet of fudametal values ad accessig cometitive advatage. A research was coducted by Noaka i 25. The research examies the imact of orgaizatioal culture o kowledge maagemet i the Hoda comay. The results of this study idicate that a sigificat ositive relatioshi betwee orgaizatioal culture ad kowledge maagemet, ad it is ot util orgaizatioal culture chage that creatio ad directio of ew kowledge would lead somewhere. Research by Nair ad Zamadtily ad Ozokarsily i 25 as A Cultural Persective o Kowledge : The Sarkoysa s comay success story was coducted. The urose of this aer is to show that how kowledge maagemet methods alog with a uique comay culture give this ability to Sarkoyisa Comay to deal with the faced challeges ad become a very successful comay. To achieve this goal, differet iterviews with seior maagers of this comay were coducted. Fidigs show that effective kowledge maagemet methods alog with a uique comay culture eable cororate comaies to iduce sustaiable kowledge maagemet culture. I site of the fact that a wide rage of literature about kowledge maagemet ad orgaizatioal culture ad collaborative maagemet exists, some studies about the relatioshi betwee kowledge maagemet ad orgaizatioal culture ad collaborative maagemet which has bee erformed i ublic orgaizatios of Ira is miimal ad so far o research has bee coducted about this. The weakess i research about this discussio caused this imlemetatio of this research ad the questio that arises here is that whether there is ay relatioshi betwee kowledge maagemet ad collaborative maagemet accordig to the mediatig role of orgaizatioal culture i the orgaizatio i regard to demograhic 6 variables? Not much research i this area has bee coducted. Researcher iteds to study ad review the relatioshi betwee kowledge maagemet ad collaborative maagemet accordig to the mediatig role of orgaizatioal culture based o field research. Melli Bak as a ublic orgaizatio is resosible for the task of eole s eeded services ad maitaiig ecoomic health ad eole s welfare for the beefit of the commuity. Kowledge maagemet ad collaborative maagemet i a suitable orgaizatioal culture framework ca i the reset circumstaces hel to romote erformace level ad the success of this ublic orgaizatio 7 more ad more. As a result, accordig to the imortace of Melli Bak ad its imortat role i the develomet of our coutry, ad also secific research study about this i our coutry has ot bee doe. This research ca be a effective hel i this field, as a result this research reviews the relatioshi betwee kowledge maagemet ad collaborative maagemet accordig to the mediatig role of orgaizatioal culture. Research Methodology 6 جمعیت شىاختی 7 سازمان (DOI: dx.doi.org/ / /32/magnt.24)

5 MAGNT Research Reort (ISSN ) Vol.3 (2). PP: This study is a quatitative (survey studies). I this research, by usig research tool (questioaire) extracted samle from the oulatio was aalyzed ad cocetual atter of study was tested ad as a result it was estimated that how much of the kowledge maagemet, collaborative maagemet variables is exlaied by demograhic variables The Poulatio, Samle Size ad Samlig Method: The research statistical oulatio is all of the emloyees of Melli bak of Khorasa Razavi equal to 69 idividuals. The samle of this research by usig Cochra formula is equal to.. idividuals which were selected with stratified roceture i Melli Bak braches radomly based o the oulatio s size withi the categories. Tools for Data Collectio ad Their Reliability ad Validity I order to collect the desired data to test hyotheses ad evaluate the commets, the stadardized Robis s questioaire of orgaizatioal culture ad collaborative maagemet questioaire, Noaka kowledge maagemet questioaire were used. Crobach's alha test was used to determie the reliability of the measuremet tool. The reliability coefficiet of Robbis Orgaizatioal Culture questioaire was /89, reliability coefficiet of collaborative maagemet was obtaied to be 86% ad reliability coefficiet of Noaka kowledge maagemet was cofirmed to be /91. Therefore, the reliability of the questioaires i the curret study is accetable. Research Fidigs ANOVA test results oe directio of collaborative maagemet, kowledge maagemet ad orgaizatioal culture 8 i terms of age, Educatio, job exeriece is rovided i the table below. Table 1: Comariso of the mea scores based o geder 1 /5 1 t 6/3 /45 38 /22 Me 1 /91 /98 /67 4 /96 /61 /63 Wome 1 /66 /93 /9 7 /85 /83 17 /8 Item Kowledge Collaborative Orgaizatioal culture 8 فر ىگ سازماوی (DOI: dx.doi.org/ / /32/magnt.24)

6 MAGNT Research Reort (ISSN ) Vol.3 (2). PP: As you ca see i table 1: the observed t i level has a sigificat relatioshi ( 5 > / ) i kowledge maagemet (P=/1 ad t=6/3) ad orgaizatioal culture (P=/1 ad t=38/22). This meas that i kowledge maagemet ad orgaizatioal culture the mea score of wome is higher. Therefore, the fidigs cofirm curret research s statistics. Table 2: Comariso of the mea scores based o age /51 /67 /5 f /66 /39 3 /8 Above 5 years 41 to 5 years 2 /26 5 /53 1 /45 /53 31 to 4 years 2 /25 5 /79 /82 /4 /66 16 /2 Uder 3 years 1 / 4 /33 1 /13 12 / /73 Kowledge Collaborative Orgaizatioal culture /7 /7 /89 As you ca observe i table 2: the observed f i ( > / 5 ) level does ot have a sigificat relatioshi i oe of the scores of kowledge maagemet, collaborative maagemet ad orgaizatioal culture. Therefore i the fidig, the statistic of research is rejected. Table 3: Comariso of the mea scores 9 based o educatio f /69 2 /69 Master Stadar d. / / 16 Bachelor Stadar d 1 /16 /71 /91 /88 College Stadar d 1 /3 /25 Diloma ad Uder Diloma Stadar d 1 /9 1 /42 /8 /27 Kowledge Collaborativ e Orgaizatio al culture /1 /93 /91 /8 / /16 1 /9 As you ca observe i table 3: the observed f i ( > / 5 ) level does ot have a sigificat relatioshi i oe of the scores of kowledge maagemet, collaborative maagemet ad orgaizatioal culture. Therefore i the fidig, the statistic of research is rejected. 9 میاوگیه ومرات (DOI: dx.doi.org/ / /32/magnt.24)

7 MAGNT Research Reort (ISSN ) Vol.3 (2). PP: Table 4: Comariso of the mea scores based o job exeriece 1 /6 1 f /7 13 /68 / years ad older Stada rd Deviati o 1 /42 /67 5 / /27 /68 to 2 years Stada rd Deviati o 2 /46 /8 /53 4 /3 /8 17 /57 6 to 1 years Stada rd Deviati o 1 /64 /99 /98 6 /21 /58 16 /16 Uder 5 years Stad ard Devia tio 1 /89 8 /4 12 / / Kowledge Collaborative Orgaizatioal culture As you ca see i table 4 : the observed f i( > / 5 ) level has a sigificat relatioshi i kowledge maagemet (P=/1 ad t=13/7) ad orgaizatioal culture (P=/1 ad t=16/6). This meas that i kowledge maagemet, the mea score of less tha 5 years is higher tha the other grous ad the mea score of orgaizatioal culture i to 2 years is higher tha the other grous. Therefore, the fidigs cofirm curret research s statistics 1. Table 5: Comariso of mea scores based o the tye of job ositio /1 /26 /1 f / /27 /2 12 Chief 1 / / Assistat /49 /62 Secialists 1 /5 /55 1 / 3 /2 /8 /66 Emloyee 1 /81 1 /31 1 /4 6 /44 /5 /73 16 Kowledge Collaborativ e Orgaizatio al culture As you ca see i table 5: the observed f i ( > / 5 ) level has a sigificat relatioshi i kowledge maagemet (P=/1 ad f=52/45) ad orgaizatioal culture (P=/1 ad f=12/2). This meas that i kowledge maagemet ad orgaizatioal 1 آمار (DOI: dx.doi.org/ / /32/magnt.24)

8 MAGNT Research Reort (ISSN ) Vol.3 (2). PP: culture, the mea score of emloyees is higher tha the score of rofessioals (secialists).therefore, the fidigs cofirm curret research s statistics. Table 6: Comariso of mea scores base o mothly icome /6 1 1 f /52 2 /64 /4 39 Higher tha 1 millio Stadar d Mea 2 /45 /85 /5 /33 5 /96 /57 From 8 to 1 millio 1 /17 /53 /69 5 /52 /85 /6 From 6 to 8 1 /78 /51 Mea /8 7 / 1 / Millio ad less Stadar d. 1 /25 8 / /25 / Kowledge Collaborative Orgaizatioal culture As you ca see i table 6: the observed f i ( > / 5 ) level has a sigificat relatioshi i collaborative maagemet (P=/1 ad f=/64) ad orgaizatioal culture (P=/1 ad f=39/4). This meas that i collaborative maagemet, the mea score of idividuals who have a icome higher tha 1 millio ad i orgaizatioal culture, the mea score of emloyees with a icome betwee 8 to 1 millio is higher tha the other grous. Therefore; the fidigs cofirm curret research s statistics. 2Coclusio The urose of this research is to study the relatioshi betwee kowledge maagemet ad collaborative maagemet accordig to the mediatig role of cultural orgaizatio i Melli Bak of Khorasa Razavi. This research i terms of urose is a ractical study ad i terms of tye ad ature is a descritive aalytical study. The fidigs of this research showed that based o the geder variable there is a sigificat relatioshi betwee kowledge maagemet ad cultural orgaizatio. This meas that i kowledge maagemet ad cultural orgaizatio, the mea score of wome are higher tha. Based o the educatio ad age variable f, it was observed that i either kowledge maagemet or collaborative maagemet ad orgaizatioal culture there are o sigificat relatioshi. Based o career backgroud variable f, it was observed that i orgaizatioal culture ad maagemet, there is a sigificat relatioshi. This meas that i kowledge maagemet, the mea score below 5 years is higher tha the other grous ad the mea score of orgaizatioal culture i to 2 years is higher tha the other grous. Based o job ositio variable observed i the (> / 5 ) level, there is a sigificat relatioshi betwee kowledge maagemet ad orgaizatioal culture. This meas that i kowledge maagemet ad orgaizatioal culture, the mea score of (DOI: dx.doi.org/ / /32/magnt.24)

9 MAGNT Research Reort (ISSN ) Vol.3 (2). PP: emloyees is higher tha the secialists. Based o Job icome variable f, it is observed that there is a sigificat relatioshi betwee collaborative maagemet ad orgaizatioal culture. This meas that the mea score of idividuals who have a icome score of higher tha oe millio i collaborative maagemet ad the mea score of idividuals i orgaizatioal culture who have a icome betwee 8 ad oe millio are higher tha the other grous. Accordig to the research results that cofirmed the existig relatioshi betwee kowledge maagemet ad collaborative maagemet, due to the mediatig role of orgaizatioal culture i Melli Bak of Khorasa Razavi, i this resect some suggestios are reseted i regard to the imrovemet of collaborative maagemet idexes i Melli Bak of Khorasa Razavi. These suggestios i the first hase are attributed to the kowledge maagemet rocess of Melli Bak of Khorasa Razavi, because i site of existig a sigificat ositive relatioshi with collaborative maagemet, imrovemet i kowledge maagemet rocess leads to the imrovemet i collaborative maagemet idexes. I this resect, rocesses, aroaches ad ricials for extractio ad develomet of kowledge must be codified. A rogram for hutig dow ad attractig brais ad secialists as the orgaizatio s emloyees must be codified. I terms of imrovig the status of orgaizatioal kowledge, it is suggested that the kowledge roductio of other orgaizatios ad research ceters is used. I terms of the imrovemet of kowledge maagemet rocess, iformatio ad commuicatio techology for kowledge sharig ad distributio be used. Processes i terms of kowledge sharig i the orgaizatio should be rovided. Mechaisms such as meetigs, semiars ad cofereces for sharig kowledge are useful. Imrovig the culture of kowledge sharig is a essetial ste. Kowledge sharig culture is a eviromet where idividuals are iclied to share kowledge without cosiderig the orgaizatio s or the comay s size. Orgaizatio s culture has a key role i the imrovemet of kowledge maagemet effect i collaborative maagemet. To imrove the culture of sharig kowledge, a systematic rogram must be followed. These elemets which must be cosidered by maagers are useful oly if the maagers be iclied to recostruct the kowledge culture of their orgaizatio. These factors iclude stimulatig the eed to share kowledge, romote trust level, revetig the accumulatio of too much iformatio, usig the aroriate tool, reortig small bugs. Whe kowledge sharig is cosidered the orm for most orgaizatios, staff should be ready to release relevat iformatio based o a articular system. For this urose, they must kow how kowledge sharig i the ast was the best way of erformace 12 i the assisted orgaizatio by usig case studies ad reorts, also they must be traied to work with kowledge sharig tool which is used i the comay. Also, cosiderig the reward whe kowledge sharig is doe ca be helful. Oe of the most vital elemets of successful kowledge sharig culture is trust. Trust rovides hosital staff a eviromet i order for them to share their kowledge ad exerieces easily ad without cocer with others. Also, ayig attetio to collaborative maagemet idexes i the orgaizatio ca be useful. Egagig maagers to emloyees i eterrise decisiomakig, ecouragig ew ad iovative ideas, clear exressio of متغیر عملکرد 12 (DOI: dx.doi.org/ / /32/magnt.24)

10 MAGNT Research Reort (ISSN ) Vol.3 (2). PP: orgaizatio s exectatio from the emloyees, clear exressio of orgaizatio s threats i laig ad etc are amog the ways leadig to the imrovemet of sharig i a orgaizatio. Refereces: [1] Ajmal, M. M., & Helo, P.(21). Orgaizatioal culture ad kowledge maagemet: a emirical study i Fiish rojectbased comaies. It. J. Iovatio ad Learig, Vol. 7, No. 3, [2] AlAlawi, A.I., & et al.. (27). Orgaizatioal culture ad kowledge sharig: critical success factors. Joural Of Kowledge. [3] Coor, E. P. (1992). DecisioMakig Particiatio Patters: The Role of Orgaizatioal Cotext. Academy of Joural ( 219), vol. 35 [4] Daveort, T. H., & Prusak, L. (1998), Workig Kowledge, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Busiess School Press [5] Daveort, T., & Prusak, L. (2). Workig kowledge: How orgaizatios maage what they kow. Bosto: Harvard Busiess School Press [6] Gua Ga, G. Goh., Rya C., & Gururaja, R. (26). The Effects Of Culture O Kowledge Practice: A Qualitative Case Study Of MSC Status Comaies. Kajia Malaysia, Vol. XXIV, No. 1 & 2, PP [7] Kagas, L. M. (26). A assessmet 13 of the relatioshi betwee orgaizatioal culture ad cotiuous kowledge maagemet iitiatives. Caella Uiversity [8] Gua Ga, G. Goh., Rya C., & Gururaja, R. (26). The Effects Of Culture O Kowledge Practice: A Qualitative Case Study Of MSC Status Comaies. Kajia Malaysia, Vol. XXIV, No. 1 & 2, PP [9] Noaka & Takeuchi, (1995). The kowledge creatio comay how Jaaese comaies create the dyamics of iovatio. Oxford: Oxford uiversity ress. [1] Zamatili Nayir, D., & Uzuçarsili, Ül. (28). A cultural ersective o kowledge maagemet: the success story of Sarkuysa comay. Joural of Kowledge, Vol. 12 Iss: 2,.141 [] Nickor, Ami ad Salajegheh, Sajar. (1389). The relatioshi betwee kowledge maagemet ad orgaizatioal culture from the ersective of the Medical Scieces faculty of Kerma Uiversity, Beyod, No. 14, [12] Keshavarzi, Ali Hussei ad Ramezai, Yusef. (1389). The relatioshi betwee kowledge maagemet rocess ad orgaizatioal culture idexes from Robbis ersective 14. Visio of Public, No. 3, ارزیابی 14 دیدگاي (DOI: dx.doi.org/ / /32/magnt.24)