New developments in Water Accounts implementation in Guadiana River Basin

Transcription

1 New developments in Water Accounts implementation in Guadiana River Basin FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT Final Technical Report 1

2 INDEX 1. DESCRIPTION ASSESSMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTION ACTIVITIES Executive summary Phases and Results Phase 1: GuaSEEAW+ Management Phase 2: New developments in Guadiana Water Accounts Phase 3: Guidelines to encourage optimal water management in Guadiana River Basin Phase 4: Awareness and Dissemination activities Activities that have not taken place What is your assessment of the results of the Action Describe if the action will continue after the support from EU has ended How and by whom have the activities been monitored/evaluated What has your organization learned from the action PROJECT MANAGEMENT, CO-ORDINATION AND OTHER CO-OPERATION How do you assess the project management How do you assess relationship between formal partners Is the partnership to continue? Describe your relationship with other organism involved Links and synergies developed with other actions VISIBILITY COMMENTS ON FINANCIAL IMPLEMENTATION ANNEX I. GuaSEEAW+ TABLES Final Technical Report 2

3 INDEX OF FIGURES Figure 1. Guadiana River Basin Figure 2. Main characteristics of Hydrological Models Figure 3. AQUATOOL scheme of Guadiana River Basin Figure 4. Relationship between SEEA-Water and Hydrological Data Maodels Figure 5. GuaSEEAW+ Data Model Figure 6. Guadiana river basin units Figure 7. GuaSEEAW+ Home Webpage Figure 8. WebGIS showing the Total Use of Water in High Part of GRB Figure 9. Agenda of first A&D Meeting Figure 10. Agenda of second A&D Meeting Figure 11. WebGIS showing the module to calculate graphics INDEX OF TABLES Table 1. Indicators selected for GRB Table 2. Approved budget Table 3. Final budget Final Technical Report 3

4 GLOSSARY A&D AQUATOOL API CHG CIS DG ENV EC GIS GRB GRBA GuaSEEAW GuaSEEAW+ INE IRWS IWRM MAGRAMA MAS OGC OGD RBA RBMP RTD SDI SEEA-Water SIA SIMPA SME SQL Awareness and Dissemination Basin Management Model Application Programme Interface Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadiana - Guadiana River Basin Authority Common Implementation Strategy Directorate General Environment European Commission Geographical Information System Guadiana River Basin Guadiana River Basin Authority System of economic & environmental accounts for water in Guadiana River Basin New developments in water accounts implementation in Guadiana River Basin Instituto Nacional de Estadística National Institute of Statistic International recommendations for water statistics Integrated water resources management Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medioambiente Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Environment Masa de agua subterranea - Underground water mass Open Geospatial Consortium Open Government Data River basin authority River basin management plan Research & Technological Development Serial Digital Interface System of economic & environmental accounts for water Water Information System Sistema Integrado para la Modelación del proceso Precipitación Aportación Integrated System of Precipitaion & Input Simulation Model Small & Medium Enterprise Structured Query Language Final Technical Report 4

5 UCAM UN UPCT WebGIS WFD WISE WWDR Catholic University fo Murcia Unit Nations Polytechnic University of Cartagena, Murcia Geographical Information System on Web Water Framework Directive Water Information System of Europe World Water Development Report Final Technical Report 5

6 LIST OF PROJECT DOCUMENTS Nr Name of the document Dissemination D Brussels minutes Internal D 1.2-1, 2 & 3 Progress reports Internal D 1.3. Final Technical Report Public D 1.4. Final Administrative report Internal D 2.1. GuaSEEAW+ Water Balances Public D 2.2. GuaSEEAW+ tables Public D 3.1. GuaSEEAW+ indicators Public D 3.2. GuaSEEAW+ guidelines to improve agriculture water use by innovative tools Public D 4.1. First Awareness and Dissemination Workshop minutes Public D 4.2. Second Awareness and Dissemination Workshop minutes Public D 4.3. CIS Meeting Internal D Public Final Technical Report 6

7 1. DESCRIPTION 1.1. Name of beneficiary of grant contract SM GEODIM SL 1.2. Name and title of the Co-ordinator: Dr. Salomón MONTESINOS 1.3. Name of partners in the grant agreement: SM GEODIM SL; ZETA AMALTEA SL, IMIDA 1.4. Title of the Action: New Developments in Water Accounts implementation in Guadiana River Basin 1.5. Number of the Grant Agreement: /2013/671339/SUB/ENV.C Start date and end date of the Grant Agreement: 01/01/2014 to 31/12/2014 Final Technical Report 7

8 2. ASSESSMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTION ACTIVITIES 2.1. Executive summary New developments in Water Accounts Implementation in Guadiana river basin (GuaSEEAW+ in the future) project has continued obtaining new, current and detailed information about GUADIANA River Basin (Spain and Portugal territory) on water resources to demonstrate water saving potential by the identification of management, technical and economic measurements with the view to halting desertification in Europe. GuaSEEAW+ project is a continuation of GuaSEEAW project carried out during previous call in which 13 System of Economic and Environmental Accounts for Water (SEEA-Water) tables were implemented with monthly resolution and several indicators were obtained from these tables to improve water saving. Nevertheless, during GuaSEEAW project, several gaps were detected: Availability of current data. We used data from 2005, reference year of the current River Basin Management Plan, due to uncertainties during the SEEA-Water tables implementation. Disaggregation of economical data. The economical data from statistical organizations are published at regional level (Autonomous Community) and it is necessary to extract at municipality level in order to combine with hydrographical data (river basin districts). In GuaSEEAW project we solved the problem using economical data from Hydrological Plan. The terminology used in SEEA-Water. Water managers are not familiar with the meaning of SEEA-Water tables. They need to know about SEEA-Water more deeply and to test their results. GuaSEEAW+ has implemented GUADIANA water resources balances at the local scale and monthly resolution elaborated in the framework of the SEEA-Water, as well as the identification of new measures that allow an optimal water management in Guadiana international river basin, for last available year (2011). In GuaSEEAW+ proposal participate the following stakeholders: Guadiana international river basin (GRBA) as pilot area where we implemented and tested an updated version of SEEA-Water tables, and Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment (MAGRAMA) as National Point of Contact for dissemination and coordination with Spanish River authorities. National Statistics Institute (INE) has participated in several technical meetings of the project due to its extensive experience in the elaboration of economical statistics and the availability of economical data. In this project, Guadiana water resource balances (quantity & quality) were produced within the SEEA- Water framework with monthly resolution. These water balances contributed to the comparative analysis of key aspects of Guadiana river basin management in terms of water scarcity, droughts or desertification. Final Technical Report 8

9 Also, Guidelines of measures for optimal water management were detailed based on analysis and evaluation of SEEA-Water balances, as well as direct and indirect water control measures: remote sensing, monitoring of risk declarations or management of exchange of water rights. The main features that support the selection of GUADIANA basin are: International basin (Spain and Portugal). Affected by drought and water scarcity. Risk of desertification. Intensive agriculture using surface and groundwater for irrigation. Aquifers declared overexploited. Irrigation inter-related with NATURA 2000 Network. Pilot area in GuaSEEAW ( and REDSIM Projects. The list and order of activities carried out has been: GuaSEEAW+ Management from M1 to M12. New developments in Guadiana water accounts from M1 to M10. Guidelines to encourage optimal water management in Guadiana River Basin from M4 to M12. Awareness and dissemination activities from M1 to M12. As general conclusions, Water Accounts intend to be a key factor for the hydrological planning. SEEA- Water is an optimal tool to analyse the exchange of water between environment and economy, how it is distributed between the natural components and how it is allocated among the different types of activities. Nowadays, implementation of Water Accounts is not mandatory at EU level. However, statistical institutes in several countries, including Spain, have begun to implement the Satellite Water Accounts. This challenge is closely related with the compilation of necessary data to fill in SEEA-Water tables. This is a very exigent exercise to be carried out by experts who are able to understand the environment, the economy and the SEEA-Water terminology. Within the project, a GuaSEEAW+ Data Model has been designed to support the structure of SEEA- Water tables. This Data Model enables automatic and fast implementation of physical data coming from water balances into SEEA-Water tables. For economical data there is an organized output file to fill in economical information of SEEA-Water tables that in a next future will be adjusted and included into GuaSEEAW+ data model. Another significant task is the implementation of WebGIS tool to display information facilitating: implementation, interpretation & presentation of data, distributing the economical information along the physical reality. Final Technical Report 9

10 2.2. Phases and results GuaSEEAW+ project was divided into 4 different phases: Phase 1. GuaSEEAW+ Management Phase 2. New developments in Guadiana Water Accounts Phase 3. Guidelines to encourage optimal water management in Guadiana River Basin Phase 4. Awareness and Dissemination (A&D) activities PHASE 1: GuaSEEAW+ Management This phase organized the administrative and management tasks performed throughout GuaSEEAW+ duration. Consortium is defined by three members: SM GEODIM, acting as Co-ordinator, is a RDT SME specialized in Remote Sensing and GIS applications to water management. Zeta Amaltea, as technical partner, is an environmental consultancy addressed to Integrated Water Resources Management. IMIDA, as technical partner, is a RTD public organization which aims to meet the research needs that requires the agricultural sector. This phase was divided into two lines of work: first one focused on contact with European Commission and second one aimed at project management. Title of the activity: Relationship with EU and Project Management Management of a correct project accomplishment according application document, in terms of schedule, responsibilities and expected results. Results of this activity: Some documents have resulted from this activity, delivered on time to EC, as Minute reports, Progress reports and Final Technical and Administrative reports. When it was necessary, a fluid communication with EC has occurred in order to solve doubts, future problems or delays PHASE 2: New developments in Guadiana Water Accounts The Guadiana River Basin is one of the river basins with the largest surface in the Iberian Peninsula, with km 2, and it is shared by Spain and Portugal, with km 2 (83%) and km 2 (17%) respectively. Final Technical Report 10

11 The population of the basin in 2011, year of reference of this project, was inhabitants in Spain (88%) and in Portugal (12%). Figure 1. Guadiana river basin. Regarding to this project, the Guadiana River Basin has been separated in the following subareas: i. Upper Guadiana: includes the Oriental Exploitation System, which includes the Upper Subsystem, the Bullaque Subsystem and the Tirteafuera Subsystem. ii. iii. iv. Middle Guadiana: includes the Central System and the Ardila System. Lower Guadiana: includes the South System. Portugal: includes the Portuguese part of the basin. The main pressures appearing within the Guadiana River Basin, arising from the significant uses of water and human activities are: i. Wastewater and landfills: water pollution can have its origin in point or diffuse sources. Point sources of pollution can be originated in urban and industrial activities or facilities, in wastewater discharges (urban or industrial) or from the landfills within the basin. ii. iii. Diffuse water pollution: this pollution can be originated in urban, industrial, agricultural and livestock activities or facilities, and other activities such as mining, polluted soils, transportation routes, etc. Water withdrawals: the use of these water abstractions can be urban and industrial supply, irrigation, production of electricity, aquiculture, recreation, navigation and transport. Regarding to the use of land, the main pressure that can be found in the Guadiana River Basin is the morphological alterations. These alterations can be longitudinal or transverse. Among the longitudinal ones over rivers, we find channeling, protection of river banks and riverbed covering. Other alterations Final Technical Report 11

12 due to human activities over riverbeds are dredging, extraction of aggregates, forestry, infrastructures, etc. Over transitional waters, we find channeling, protection of river banks, construction of dykes or breakwaters, occupation of tidal zone, modification of natural connections between water bodies, dredging, construction of docks, etc. About soil contamination, we find: point or diffuse pollution due to human activities like agriculture, forestry, mining, industries, etc. Title of the activity: Guadiana Water Balances Water efficiency use lies on the deep knowledge of the water cycle. This statement is especially relevant in water scarcity areas; such is the case of Guadiana watershed, where water management is closely connected to spatial and temporal considerations. The resources allocation must consider that water availability relies on water cycle seasonality and on the geographical relationship between demand and resource. The measures to solve these discrepancies include the construction of transport and storage infrastructures, whose effectiveness, once again, depends on the adequate knowledge of water cycle. The environmental accounts provide an economical approximation in line with the IWRM international standard that is integrated in the European legislation through the WFD. Following this paradigm, the scope of SEEA-Water is to mimic the flows between the different water resources (surface water, groundwater and soil water) through consistent hydrological balances. A large portion of the data needed to perform the balances in the Guadiana river basin comes from control networks such as precipitation, river flows, aquifer levels or main water users gauge networks. Other data require more complex estimation such is the case of evapotranspiration. Others like water stored in the soil or the flows between groundwater and surface water need to be modeled. Guadiana watershed forms a complex water resource system, with several water reservoirs, piping, superficial and groundwater extractions to supply agricultural, urban and industrial demands, flood control systems, hydroelectric production, etc. Thus, the main rivers of the watershed show a water regime very modified when compared to their natural flow regime. This added to a strong hydrological variability that can hide water availability problems if the water balances are not performed with a sufficiently detailed spatial and temporal scale. To analyse this complexity, Spanish authorities have used, in the scope of RBMP, hydrological modeling tools to address hydrological balances, detailed on a monthly basis and by river segment (coherent with the water bodies division considered in the WFD). This modeling strategy was established at national level through the Hydrological Planning Instruction (ORDEN ARM/2656/2008, 10th September) for all the basin plans shared by several Autonomous Communities. This includes a first step in which a rainfall/runoff model (SIMPA) was run, which allows assessing the water resources of the basin in natural flow regime. After that, the results of SIMPA model were implemented in a river basin management model (AQUATOOL). The model includes water demands Final Technical Report 12

13 for different activities and their returns to the rivers, the facilities for water storage and transport and the rules of operation of reservoirs. This modeling simulates the actual hydrological conditions of the basin and allows evaluating different stress scenarios (changes in demand, rules of operation, etc). It also runs on monthly basis. From this modeling strategy it is possible to get a monthly water balance for series of up to 40 years. Most of the data required by the SEEA-Water can be obtained from this modeling, supplemented by information from monitoring networks, flow meters mainly, to assess actual abstractions. Input data Climatic data, physical characters of the basin Water use, regulation and transport facilities Model Rainfall-runoff model (SIMPA) Basin management model (AQUATOOL) Purpose Characterization of the water resources of the basin. Water resources allocation Checking the measures Figure 2. Main characteristics of Hydrological Models As it has already been stated, the Water Authorities in Spain have developed consistent hydrological balances, with long time series (up to 40 years), on a monthly basis and detailed by river section. The activities included in this phase of the project include mainly the analysis of this information, its update to 2011 situation, and its structure in order to properly implement it into SEEA-Water tables. i) Analysis of the information provided by GRBA: The Planning Office of the GRBA provided hydrological information to update the balances to 2011 basis. This includes the readings of the water flowmeters of the most important water users of the basin, the infrastructures included in the Plan operative at this moment, the turbinated water volume in the hydroelectric generating facilities, the water consumptions in the thermo solar plants constructed up to now as well as the update of the resources in natural flow regimen (SIMPA) and groundwater flow simulating model and its relation with surface waters and adjacent water bodies. This information was complemented with the monitoring reports of the RBMP, that perform a continuous study of the deviation between the data and predictions estimated in the RBMP and the new data available from the most recent updates of the consulted information sources. As a whole, we can say that the available information gives a correct picture of the water usage at basin scale, since it is mainly based on direct water consumption data. ii) Implementation of data updated to 2011 basis in the management model AQUATOOL The water use data for 2011, referent to the demand units of the basin with greater water demands, as well as the updated natural resource data, has been implemented in the model. Final Technical Report 13

14 This water use is implemented in the model through the designated demand units that consist in grouping water demands that share the same supply source and whose returns are reincorporated to the water bodies in the same geographical area. Figure 3. Aquatools scheme of GRB. The main water use is the agricultural one that means almost 90% of the total demand of the water district. For its evaluation, measurements registered by the installed flowmeters in the major irrigation channels of the water district have been used (superficial origin irrigation of Orellana, Zújar, Montijo, Lobón) and data on irrigated surfaces in successive years recovered from studies performed using remote sensing technology. The starting data for the estimation of the urban demands, when no real data is available, are the population and the water supplied volumes, from which it is established a methodology for the calculation of the total urban water demand. Globally, the industrial uses include the activities of the manufacturing industry, energy production (with the exception of hydroelectric), construction and services. It is important to note that water demand for industrial use supplied through urban water network has been already included in the urban supply water use. Thus, in this epigraph they are exclusively considered the water demands of industries that are connected to the municipal water supply network. iii) Structuring for its incorporation in the data model. Once the AQUATOOL model is run, the results are stored in a database in ACCESS format. In this activity, a set of consults over the results database have been designed allowing obtaining the Final Technical Report 14

15 information required by SEEA-Water related to water balances. The idea is to elaborate semi-automatic procedures using these consults in order to update the SEEA-Water information with new water balance data of the basin. The SEEA-Water tables containing information on water balances (flows) are essentially the physical use and supply tables, the asset account table and the matrix of flows between water resources. Part of the physical information of these tables feeds the hybrid tables, along with other physical and monetary information. Water accounts tables Hydrological modelling Hybrid supply and use Hybrid account for water supply and sewerage for own use Flows matrix between water resources Asset account SIMPA / Rainfall/runoff model (Natural river flow regime) Rainfall Evapotranspiration Surface runoff Groundwater flow Soil water Hybrid supply Hybrid use AQUATOOL/ River basin management model (Altered river flow regime) Water abstractions and returns Reservoir balance (stocks, evaporation, spillway outflows) Actual river flow Physical supply Emissions Physical use Physical water balance data Hybrid data (water volume and monetary data) Other physical data (tm) Figure 4. Relationship between SEEA-Water and Hydrological Data Models. Information on physical use and physical supply - abstractions and returns - comes from the modeling of the river basin management with AQUATOOL. Data about the water balance in reservoirs (stocks, evaporation, and spillway outflows) and river flows, as required in the table of asset accounts, have been taken from management modeling with AQUATOOL. This information is quite consistent and heavily relies on direct observation and studies of characterization of water use and allows having a picture about water exploitation of the basin pretty close to reality. The natural flow regime modeling (SIMPA) provides data on precipitation, evapotranspiration, surface and groundwater runoff and soil moisture. Fundamentally this information nourishes the matrix of flows between water resources. It also covers part of the required data in the table of asset accounts. Results of this activity: Guadiana river basin is a great opportunity to test the implementation of water environmental accounts in a complex water resources system. The elaboration process of the RBMP carried out by the Water Authorities in Spain provides enough data (in terms of quantity and quality) to count with consistent Final Technical Report 15

16 water balances at an adequate spatial and temporal scale. This implementation exercise of the water balances in the scope of the environmental accounts for the Guadiana river basin has shown that: a. The data requirement for the fulfilment of SEEA-Water tables related to water balances has been properly covered. b. The methodology of the Spanish responsible authorities to develop water balances and their data systematization to update the balances provides the opportunity to develop semiautomatic procedures to capture the needed information, incorporate it in a data model created for this project and fill in the correspondent SEEA-Water tables. SEEA-Water tables related to water balances have been completed with a spatial and temporal desegregation on a monthly basis, considering upper, medium and lower basin areas, according to the user requirements: the GRBA. Considering the most relevant tables in the water balance, the physical use and physical offer, it is possible to get a suitable fulfilment from the available information. The results are consistent with the physical reality of the basin since they are greatly based in direct observed real data. Besides, these balances generated by the responsible authorities are consistent with the official figures used in the RBMP for the allocation of water resources and in the measures of the Hydrological Plan. The asset tables and matrix of flows between water resources complement the water balance vision in SEEA-Water. There are some minor gaps in these tables, especially related to water stored in lakes and wetlands, for which there is almost no real information coming from control networks. Surely this is a very small volume considering the global basin water balance. Besides, the most relevant wetlands of the basin are object of environmental protection frameworks, and are not considered as available water resources to be exploited. The basin deep groundwater reserves are another uncertainty element. With the available information is possible to have an objective quantitative valuation of the groundwater transferences towards the rivers (and the opposite also). However, the assessment of the deep groundwater reserves has a great associated uncertainty. Title of the activity: Data Model of GuaSEEAW+ Regarding the design of databases, the data model can be described (Brodie, 1984): given the information and process requirements of an application for data intensive use (i.e. an information system), to construct a representation of the application that captures the static and dynamic properties required to support the desired processes (i.e. transactions and queries). In addition to capturing the given requirements upon the design stage, the representation must be able to accommodate possible future requirements. A data model is an abstract structure that documents and organizes the information. It defines the structure of the information, in order to improve communication and accuracy in applications that use and interchange data. A data model is therefore a collection of mathematically well defined concepts that help express the static and dynamic properties for an application with intensive data use. Final Technical Report 16

17 In a first version we opted for a relational model where an entity is defined for each of the tables of the SEEAW required. Auxiliary entities were added according to the loaded external temporary data. This initial approach to the model was carried out in the first project GuaSEEAW. It was formed by many entities, management was complex and no loading processes were implemented to process the information obtained. GuaSEEAW+ data model allows an automatically integration of physical data, reducing timing from 9 m/m, necessary in the previous call to fill in the same number of tables, to some minutes. Results of this activity: Once the collection and production of the hydrological and economical data of the GRB necessary for the implementation of the SEEA-Water tables is ended, it is needed to implement a mechanism to homogenize and to aggregate them into a single container. It is at this point when it is considered that the first step must be to define a data model allowing us a later better exploitation of the data. Once the collection and production of hydrological and economic data of the Guadiana basin necessary for the implementation of SEEA-Water was finished, the main problem has resided in the different distribution in which data are grouped. Hydrological data are distributed by physical units while socio-economic data are distributed by administrative units (country, autonomous region, province and municipality) To relate both types of data it has been designed a data model that allows semi-automatic data gathering, data storage and SEEA-Water tables fulfilling. Based on the data available and the needs of SEEA-Water tables, it has been created a relational data model to store and manage information in a database (in our case, using Oracle Database 11g). Thus, information can be crossed using SQL queries, integrating information from different organizations that share the spatial component, and allowing its location in the territory. For the development of the data model, it has been used the tool: Enterprise Architect. This design tool allows to: Create and view requirements as elements directly within the model. Record essential meta-data including a short description, status, difficulty, priority, type, functional, non-functional, and more. Create custom properties such as estimated cost, and customer sign-off. View and add requirements in a hierarchical table format. Model interrelationships and dependencies. Apply optional automatic element numbering. Colour to indicate the status of each element. Fewer entities appear and they are more efficient, the model is scalable, allowing it to be used by other river basins, and the processes of table loading, especially for SIMPA and Aquatool data, have been carried out, under this model. Final Technical Report 17

18 Figure 5. GuaSEEAW+ Data Model. Currently, economical data are organized in terms of origin, type and resolution so updated versions of data model will be able to include it too. Final Technical Report 18

19 Title of the activity: GuaSEEAW tables at monthly resolution A set of tables has been implemented for the whole GRB, both the Spanish and the Portuguese parts. This set of tables has been developed according to the final draft of the SEEA-Water of the Statistics Division of UN ( Hydrological data derived from Guadiana Water Balances for the year 2011, calculated as described in the previous point, have been incorporated to the tables with monthly resolution. Economical data gathered from the respective National Statistical Offices and the RBA have been also incorporated to the tables. The year 2011 has been chosen as reference year because it is the last year for which financial data were available. Hydrological and economical data have been spatially disaggregated into four units (Upper, Middle, Lower Guadiana and Portugal) and temporally at monthly resolution to better analyse the different uses of water throughout the different parts of the basin, as described in the project document D.2.2. GuaSEEAW+ Tables. Figure 6. Guadiana river basin subunits. These tables have been incorporated into a Data Model so they become dynamic tables that can be easily updated, improving their utility for water managers and facilitating the calculation of results at different spatial and temporal resolutions and the implementation of indicators supporting policies and decision making processes. Final Technical Report 19

20 Results of this activity: The main product of this activity is a set of standard and supplementary tables that has been filled with the hydrological data gathered from the water balances and the economical data from different sources. The tables selected to be implemented are the following: Standard tables: Physical supply and use of water. Hybrid supply and use of water. Hybrid account for supply and use of water. Government accounts. National expenditure accounts. Asset accounts. Supplementary tables: Matrix of flows between water resources. A detailed description of the different tables and the data necessary to fill them can be obtained from the project document D.2.2. GuaSEEAW+ Tables on web site. Anyway at the end of this document, it s possible to find an annex with GuaSEEAW+ tables, Annex I. GuaSEEAW+ tables. As it has been described previously, the collection of hydrological data relies on the application of hydrological data models that apply to a certain hydrological basin of reference. However, economical data have to be gathered manually from different data sources provided from different institutions with different objectives, different scopes and different reference frameworks, such as the Spanish and Portuguese National Statistical Offices and the respective River Basin Authorities for the Guadiana River: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE, Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadiana, CHG, Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente, APA, The Spanish and Portuguese Statistical Offices offer different data sets related with some water uses, water treatment and sewage disposal, water prices for some economic sectors or national water accounts. These data use to have a national or regional scope and not all the data are available for every year. Data provided by RBA are specific for water-related issues and with the framework of the river basin, but are only available for some years in which Hydrological Plans have been developed. The integration of hydrological and economic data has to deal with some difficulties related with the different frameworks of the data and the different level of disaggregation in which they are presented: Spatial framework: hydrological data are obtained from the water balances referred to the hydrological basin, while economic data are usually referred to the national or regional level. Final Technical Report 20

21 Temporal framework: hydrological data can be obtained for a natural or a hydrological year of reference whilst economic data are only referred to a natural year. Spatial disaggregation of data: as well as for the spatial framework, data models for hydrological data can disaggregate those data at the sub-basin level, while economic data can only be disaggregated at political levels like provinces or municipalities. Temporal disaggregation: economical data are provided with a yearly frequency, when available; however hydrological data can be generated from the models with a monthly frequency. Economic sector disaggregation: while the hydrological data are usually obtained for specific sectors related to water use or management, the economic data are more usually referred to generic economic sectors, and only in some cases, data related to water industries can be obtained. To solve these difficulties, some calculations had to be applied to the economical data available, to adjust them when the data were not available for the year of reference of the project, or to disaggregate them at the month level by calculation relying on the hydrological variations. For example, if we know the total amount of water used by a certain industry and we have also its monthly use, but we only have the total cost or benefit of that water use, we can use the monthly disaggregation of water to calculate the monthly cost or benefit proportional to that use of water. The disaggregation of economical data into hydrographical units has been carried out relaying on the area or the population of the hydrological units, according to appropriate. For example, if we know that the amount of water used for a certain activity within each hydrographical unit depends on the population of that unit (i.e. urban demand) or in a known surface of the unit (i.e. irrigated area), we can use that population or that surface to disaggregate that use of water by hydrographical unit. A formal request has been made to INE to improve the methodology of acquisition of economic data with the ultimate goal of implementing it in the GuaSEEAW+ data model PHASE 3: Guidelines to encourage optimal water management in Guadiana River Basin This third phase focused into two lines of work: i) to identify and provide a set of useful water indicators in GRB taking into account the main current problems and needs, and ii) to complement SEEA-Water with innovative technologies of surveillance, detection and control of water uses at arid and semiarid regions, as Guadiana River Basin. Title of the activity: Water indicator set Water accounts are a consistent framework that can provide water managers with a powerful and reliable tool from which a wide set of water-related indicators and a structured data base for economic and hydrologic information can be developed. Those indicators can provide information on the resources available, the interrelations between resources, interrelations between resources and users, and they can also facilitate the analysis of changes or the elaboration of modelling scenarios. Final Technical Report 21

22 The indicators derived from GuaSEEAW+ water accounts, can cover a wide range of aspects related to water management such as: i. Water resource availability; ii. iii. iv. Water use for human activities, pressures on water resources and opportunities to increase water efficiency; Opportunities to increase effective water supply trough the management of return flows, reuse and system loses; Water cost and pricing policy. A set of indicators has been selected, according to the needs of GRBA and with their collaboration, in order to analyse the status of water resources, the effect of main pressures affecting the GRB or the financial sustainability of water services. The criteria for the selection of this set of indicators were: - User requirements: to cover the needs of information expressed by the Guadiana River Basin Authorities to solve their lacks of information in order to support water policies and decision making. - Pressures and impacts: to advice on the evaluation of main pressures appearing on the basin and the effects that this pressures produce over the water bodies and the resources available. - Financial issues: to provide information on the water costs and pricing to assess the efficiency of the different water uses and their sustainability for the future. For this selection we have had the support of the Water Authorities and we have relied on the documentation elaborated by the GRBA and the Ministry, such as the current Hydrological Plan, the future Hydrological Plan in preparation, and all the associated and support documents, from which we have extracted the necessary information to evaluate and select the indicators according to the above mentioned criteria. The selected set of indicators has been calculated for the whole GRB, and for the different subareas in which it has been disaggregated for this project, as it is described in the project document D.3.1. GuaSEEAW+ Indicators, in order to analyse the main pressures affecting each subarea and the effectiveness of water policies. The implementation of the indicators has used as data source the data collected in the different SEEA- Water tables so they can be calculated automatically, once the tables are fulfilled. Results of this activity: The selection of an appropriate set of indicators can provide water managers and policy makers with a useful tool to assess the status of water resources and the effect of pressures affecting the basin. In a generic way, they may be considered as anthropic pressures related to the use of water: water withdrawals for the different uses and discharges of water after use. And, as pressures related to the use of land, we may consider, among others, the following: morphological alterations of water bodies, contamination of soils, etc. Final Technical Report 22

23 As it was detailed in the description of the basin, the main problems within the GRB are the overexploitation of aquifers through the large abstractions for agricultural irrigation, the diffuse pollution produced by agriculture and the alteration of riverbeds by channeling or construction works or the fragmentation by dams. Analyzing in more detail the pressures exposed, we can separate them by type of impact: i) Quantity: water abstraction for irrigation is the main cause of the over-exploitation of the aquifers in the basin. To give an effective solution to this problem is not easy due to political issues and because of the great socio-economical interests linked to irrigation in the area. This aspect is negatively affecting the conservation status of wetlands in the basin. ii) Quality: water pollution due to diffuse sources, mainly agriculture, and point sources like urban areas or industrial facilities, is the main problem affecting the quality of waters within the GRB. Agriculture is an important socio-economic activity in the area, so it is difficult to minimize its role as main diffuse pollution source. Works to reduce wastewater discharges from urban areas or industrial facilities have been carried out, but may be improved. iii) Morphology: Fragmentation due to dams affects mainly de middle and lower Guadiana, but the mitigation of their negative impact on the environment is not easy to carry out. According to the characteristics of the basin and the pressures and impacts affecting the water within the area, and having as reference the indicators in the WWD Report 2: Water a Shared Responsibility (UN publication, Sales No. E.06.II.A.4) a set of indicators has been selected, with the participation of GRBA, to be applied to the Guadiana River. Final Technical Report 23

24 Table 1. Indicators selected for the GRB. A detailed description of each of the indicators listed above, as well as the results obtained for all of them, for the whole GRB and for each of the subunits of the basin, can be found in the document D.3.1. GuaSEEAW+ Indicators. The implementation of a feasible and reliable set of indicators that can be useful to water managers in their decision making processes and in the implementation of water policies depends on the availability of data to fulfil the tables that are the source for the calculation of those indicators. The results of these indicators give information on different aspects of water management such as: water resource availability, water use for human activities, pressures on water resources, opportunities to increase water efficiency, opportunities to increase effective water supply and water cost and pricing policy. They stand out the importance of groundwater in an area where the renewable water resources are limited due to its arid climate and highlight the pressure over this groundwater produced by agriculture, main economic activity in such a rural area. The productivity and efficiency of different uses of water is also studied, however, further work should be carried out to improve the availability of economical data that may enable to enhance the results of this analysis. Final Technical Report 24

25 The implementation of the GuaSEEAW+ tables and indicators within a data model makes the update of the data gathering and the generation of information a much more efficient and achievable work, and the results are expected to encourage optimal water management and to improve sustainable water use within the basin. Title of the activity: SEEA-Water and innovative technologies The second greatest pressure over the ecologic state of the EU (in 16 member States) derives from the excessive extraction of water (Blueprint, 2012). The main water use in Guadiana Basin is the agriculture with the 85% of total water use. Also, Guadiana has several overexploited aquifers and one of the first water bank in order to acquire water rights. Remote sensing is defined as the ability to obtain information about an object without physical contact with it. The term remote sensing is restricted to those methods that use reflected or irradiated electromagnetic energy by the objects, which excludes electrical, magnetic or gravimetric research that measure force fields (Sabins, 1978). This technique, which allows acquiring information of an object in distance, is based on that terrestrial surface materials have a spectral response of its own, that allows identifying them. For this reason, it is one of the most useful tools applicable on water rights, illegal detection and control of overexploited aquifers. The objective of this activity was to collect experiences on this subject to elaborate a guideline that could be used to assist in their labour to River Basin Authorities or other water management organizations to implement the SEEA-Water. Results of this activity: Document D 3.2. GuaSEEAW+ Guidelines to improve agriculture water use by innovative tools provides a manual to water managers on the needs of SEEA-Water implementation. It includes a detailed description of: Hydrological Models: Simpa and Aquatool. SEEA-Water was designed as a useful tool for the implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM) 1, the internationally agreed and recommended strategy for the management of water resources. The IWRM paradigm is fully integrated into the European legislation on water through the Water Framework Directive (WFD). So a consistent hydrological balance is needed for the implementation of environmental accounts. This water balance has to track the natural flows between water resources. The IRWS 2 addresses the 1 Global Water Partnership, Catalyzing Change: A Handbook for Developing Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Water Efficiency Strategies (Stockholm, GWP, 2004). Available from 2 International recommendations for water statistics. United Nations, Available from Final Technical Report 25

26 definition and classification of statistical units as they relate to the water cycle: type of water resource and the flows between them. GuaSEEAW+ Hydrological Model includes a first step in which a rainfall/runoff model (SIMPA) was run, which allows to assess the water resources of the basin in natural flow regime. This model covers the entire territory, discretized in cells of 1 km across, and a monthly temporal modulation. After that, the results of SIMPA model were implemented in a river basin management model (AQUATOOL). The model includes water demands for different activities and their returns to the rivers, the facilities for water storage and transport and the rules of operation of reservoirs. This modeling simulates the actual hydrological conditions of the basin and allows evaluating different stress scenarios (changes in demand, rules of operation, etc). Also runs on monthly basis. The spatial disaggregation is consistent with the delimitation of water bodies defined in the implementation of the WFD. SEEA-Water Data Model Data models supply the conceptual framework to develop applications that make intensive use of data, as well as the formal basis for tools and techniques applied in the development and use of information systems. Based on the data available and the needs of SEEA-Water tables, it has been created a relational data model to store and manage information in a database (in our case, using Oracle Database 11g). Thus, information can be crossed using SQL queries, integrating information from different organizations that share the spatial component, and allowing its location in the territory. After defining the data model and creating its structure in a database, processes that have allowed us to populate SEEA-Water tables have been carried out in a semi-automatic way, whether current or historical data series. They have also been enabled mechanisms for processing data for further exploitation. Economic Data Economic data for the GuaSEEAW+ project were gathered from different main data sources: the Spanish and Portuguese National Statistical Offices and the respective RBA for the Guadiana River. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE, Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadiana (CHG, Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA, The Spanish and Portuguese Statistical Offices offer different data sets related with some water uses, water treatment and sewage disposal, water prices for some economic sectors or national water accounts. The SEEA-Water tables require some specific economic values related to economic sectors, with special emphasis on those referred to the industries involved in the collection, distribution and treatment of freshwater, and in the collection and treatment of wastewater and sewage disposal. Final Technical Report 26

27 The collection of hydrological data relies on the application of hydrological data models that apply to a certain hydrological basin of reference. However, the economic data have to be gathered manually from different data sources provided from different institutions with different objectives, different scopes and different reference frameworks, such us the INE or the RBA. Nevertheless, clearly defined the necessary economical data, GuaSEEAW+ has started the development of an economical data model for the SEEA-Water that will be joining to hydrological data model in order to get automation of necessary data for the implementation SEEA-Water tables. Thanks to meetings with National Institute of Statistic (INE), GuaSEEAW+ consortium had developed a relational database for economical data that is possible to get disaggregated economical information at district level. Nowadays INE provides economical information about water statistics without a formal procedure from EU (Eurostat, etc), what they would like was established. This data base starts to be integrated into Seea-Water data model before project ending and will be finished during next year with financial sources from other related projects. WebGIS Implementation The geo-portal developed within the project GuaSEEAW+ integrates datasets from national and international government organizations that have in common a spatial component that allows its location in the territory. In this sense, a spatial data infrastructure based on OGC services (OGC, 2012; IDEE, 2014) has been built to query and manage useful information, especially for GRB, becoming a support tool in decision-making for efficient water management. For this purpose, a highly functional map viewer, integrating the information obtained by the SIA of MAGRAMA, SDI of GRBA, WISE, etc., has been implemented. Also, the GuaSEEAW+ tables have been spatially represented into WebGIS, facilitating their interpretation thanks to their integration with other data sources. Final Technical Report 27