The Good Lives Model in Practice: TAKING THEORY TO THE COALFACE OF COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS

Transcription

1 The Good Lives Model in Practice: TAKING THEORY TO THE COALFACE OF COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS P R E S E N T E R : D R. M AY U M I P U R V I S

2 The Specialist Case Management Model In 2008 Corrections Victoria implemented a SCMM as part of the broader Serious Sex Offender Strategy: The GLM is the key operating framework for the SCMM: o CV seem to be the first justice organisation globally, to operationalise the GLM in case management practices. CV follow strict adherence to the principles and philosophy of the model. o CV also seem to be the first jurisdiction to develop a specialist case management model which features significantly different intervention and offender case management practices. 2

3 Why a specialist model? Community Concern (sex offenders being released into the community) Parliamentary Concern Changes to Legislation (SORA, SSOMA, SSODSA) Research and Consultation Effective management of sex offenders associated with job specialisation: Building of expertise through training, experience and mentoring Specialist case loads (no-one gets lost ) State-wide consistency Intensive case management SCMM

4 SCMM Organisation Chart SCMM commenced in 2008 with 15 SCMs 2011 total SCMs = 37 Manager Specialist Case Management 2008 = 1 Senior for QA 2011 = 2 AMs and 1 Manager Assistant Manager SCM Assistant Manager SCM Grampians & Corella Place West Metro Loddon Mallee Hume South Metro North Metro Eastern Metro Barwon South Gippsland 8 SCMs 6 SCMs 2 SCMs 2 SCMs 5 SCMs 5 SCMs 4 SCMs 3 SCMs 2 SCMs

5 The GLM as a Framework The Good Lives Model of Offender Rehabilitation is: a rehabilitation framework created by Professor Tony Ward (2002 onwards) nested within the sexual offending domain but has been applied to a broad range of other offender populations often aligned with treatment but is ideal as a framework for case management, due to: One on One nature of case management Increased time and greater frequency of contact to address offender s individual risks and needs Case management has a history of operating within a strict risk management framework (focussed on problems, deficits and risk) 5

6 Case Management Framework The Strengths Based Approach The Good Lives Model of Offender Rehabilitation Intervention is something that should add to an offender s repertoire of functioning, rather than something that merely aims to suppress or diminish a collection of negative traits. 6

7 Good Lives Model (GLM) GLM as Strengths Based Approach: Rehabilitation must also focus on enhancing positive capabilities rather than just suppressing dysfunctional ones Core idea is that all meaningful human actions reflect attempts to achieve primary human goods. Aim is to equip individuals with the necessary internal and external conditions (capabilities) to secure primary human goods in socially acceptable and personally meaningful ways. Summary of Key Principles 7

8 Good Lives Model (GLM) GLM has a dual focus On Risk Management and Goods Promotion GLM is objectively defined GLM is subjectively achieved Good Lives not Good Life Summary of Key Principles 8

9 The GLM: A Twin Focus Intervention with offenders should have a twin focus on risk management and goods promotion. Put another way, application of the GLM in offender case management has two associated goals, being: 1. community protection, more specifically, a management of the risk posed by an offender to the community; and 2. enhancement of offender well-being, that is, increasing the offender s strengths and capabilities so that they are better equipped to live a pro-social and personally meaningful life. By helping offenders to build the necessary conditions (i.e. internal and external capacities) for meeting their needs in adaptive pro-social ways, the associated effect is that they will be less likely to harm others and themselves. As such, the enhancement of offender well-being (in a goods promotion sense) directly functions to reduce risk and protect the community. 9

10 Operationalising the GLM Using the GLM in case management provides case managers with the skills and tools to: Thoroughly assess the offender and his current life, previous way of living and future life plans; Identify the full range of pathways to offending; Identify high priority areas for intervention; Target high priority areas in a meaningful way which is most likely to gain the offender s interest and investment and therefore yield a successful outcome; and Identify and meaningfully report on evidence of change and progress within the offender. 10

11 GLM Primary Human Goods Actions, states of affairs, characteristics, experiences, & states of mind viewed as intrinsically beneficial to human beings & sought for their own sake There are 11 basic human goods (at present) 11

12 GLM Primary Human Goods Life Knowledge Excellence in play Excellence in work Excellence in agency Inner Peace Relatedness Community Spirituality Pleasure Creativity 12

13 Good Life healthy living and optimal physical functioning The primary good of life essentially incorporates all the physical needs and factors that are important for healthy living and physical functioning: food, water, shelter, a physically healthy body and so on. Instrumental goods may include engaging in physical exercise such as jogging, being diet conscious, preparing healthy meals, managing one s own finances to ensure basic needs are met, meditating, or taking yoga classes. 13

14 Good Knowledge how well informed one feels on matters that concern them People are inherently curious beings that possess the desire to understand aspects of themselves, their natural environments, and other people. The good of knowledge satisfies this need and takes the form of facts, theories, ideas, or information that answers a number of questions: What does this mean? What is valuable? Why did this happen? How do things work? And so on. Instrumental goods may include asking questions, adopting certain belief systems, studying at university, belonging to a discussion group, or taking lessons to acquire a new skill. 14

15 Good Excellence in Play accomplishments or enjoyment associated with leisure activities or recreational pursuits This good refers to the desire to engage in leisure or fun activities, which provide the person with a sense of pride, achievement, satisfaction or skill development. The idea is that human beings seek to enjoy and be good at a range of recreational tasks that may or may not be structured into games or events. Instrumental goods may include participating in competitive and social team and individual sporting competitions, having hobbies, going to the movies and socializing with friends. 15

16 enjoyable work including mastery experiences This good refers to one s need to be meaningfully employed in a role that provides mastery experiences and challenges that are matched to the person s level of functioning. Meaningful employment will have both an intrinsic value (accomplishment for the sake of it, i.e. for personal fulfillment) and an instrumental value (accomplishment for a specific purpose) and must be matched to one s skills, interests, preferences and desires. Instrumental goods may include participating in meaningful paid employment, meaningful volunteer work, self-employment, undergoing apprenticeships, and professional development courses. Good Excellence in Work 16

17 autonomy and self-directedness The good of agency refers to the desire human beings have to formulate their own goals and seek ways to realise them in actions and activities of their own choice. It is the desire to make up one s own mind, to function as an independent being, to at least some minimal degree (moderated by cultural and social norms of course). The good of agency encompasses the desire to stand on one s own two feet, to be able to pursue the things people value most and to shape their lives in ways that are consistent with their deepest values and concerns. Instrumental goods may include engaging in assertive actions, trying to dominate others, and self-reflection. Good Excellence in Agency 17

18 Good Inner Peace freedom from emotional turmoil and stress The primary good of inner peace essentially refers to emotional self-regulation and the ability to achieve a state of dynamic emotional equilibrium. Emotional competence is basically the application of self-regulation processes to the emotional domain and consists of a number of skills such as awareness of one s emotional state, the capacity to identify other peoples emotions, the ability to use the emotional vocabulary of one s culture, possessing the capacity to respond empathically to other people, the capacity to manage aversive emotions through a range of adaptive strategies, and the capacity for emotional self-efficacy. Instrumental goods may include listening to music, talking to others, meditation, counselling or physical exercise. 18

19 Good Relatedness close, caring relationships with an intimate partner, family members and close friends The good of relatedness refers to the natural desire of human beings to establish warm affectional bonds with other people ranging from intimate, romantic relationships to close family relationships. The activities that constitute the good of relatedness include disclosure, support, sexual activity, physical contact, spending time together, sharing interests and so on. Instrumental goods may include heterosexual or homosexual romantic relationships, close family relationships, or friendships. 19

20 Good Community 20 connectedness to others in broader social groups or communities The primary good of community refers to the desire human beings have to belong to social groups, to feel connected to (sometimes a variety of) groups that reflect their interests, concerns, and values. It is the sense of being part of a wider social and/or cultural network, to feel you are contributing to a larger social unit. Instrumental goods may include belonging to social service groups, Rotary, or special interest groups of some kind (e.g. a political party, a sporting club, a craft group, book club, nature/wildlife group or religious affiliations).

21 Good Spirituality the broad sense of finding meaning and purpose in life The primary good of spirituality refers to the desire people have to discover a sense of meaning and purpose in life. This could involve seeking religious truths and involvement, a spiritual connection with a transcendent being or reality, or simply the experience of being part of a wider whole, a participation that gives people a broad sense of purpose and direction in their lives. Instrumental goods may include belonging to a church, spiritual group, studying philosophy, or environmental association. 21

22 Good Pleasure the emotional sense of feeling good in the present time the state of happiness The primary good of pleasure in this sense refers to a state of being (feeling good in the here and now), and the overall experience of being content with one s life. It is often reflected in feelings of pleasure and deep satisfaction. Sometimes, the leisure activity may be for its own sake, just because it brings joy to the person in the present tense, and as such the activity is really about pleasure. Instrumental goods may include engaging in sex, enjoyment of food, massage or sport where the goal sought is at least partly, a feeling of deep contentment or pleasure. 22

23 Good Creativity expressing one s self through alternative forms The primary good of creativity is a desire for novelty and innovation in one s life, the experience of doing things differently, being engaged in a specific type of activity that results in an artistic output, and perhaps producing a novel product of some kind. Instrumental goods may include gardening, woodwork, painting, attending art exhibitions, solving problems, devising new methods of doing, playing an instrument, etc. Creativity is also expressed in how we set up our home, the colours we choose, the fabrics we use and the furniture we select. 23

24 GLM Aetiological Underpinnings 1 GLM proposes that crime might best be understood as the product of obstacles in the pursuit of legitimate goals. 2 Two routes to the onset of offending: direct and indirect. 3 Criminogenic needs are internal or external obstacles that frustrate and block the acquisition of primary human goods. 4 Contextual factors can lead to criminality via above the mechanisms. 24

25 Good Lives Model Problems With Life Plans FOUR KEY PROBLEMS WITH PEOPLE S LIVES: 1. Capacity internal and external strengths and obstacles 2. Means appropriate vs. inappropriate behaviours used to secure goods 3. Scope Breadth or lack there of 4. Coherence the presence or absence of conflict among goals (goods sought) 25

26 Goods Aetiological Theory (GAT) (Purvis, 2006) GOALS/GOODS CAPACITIES MEANS DIRECT OFFENDING DEVELOPMENTAL EXPERIENCES Trauma/Abuse Modeling/Learning GOALS/GOODS & MEANS WHICH DO NOT LEAD TO OFFENDING GOALS/GOODS CAPACITIES MEANS INDIRECT LIFE PLAN IMPLICIT/ EXPLICIT NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON SELF & OTHER LIFE DOMAIN EVENTS OFFENDER S PAST OFFENDER S WAY OF LIVING AT THE TIME OF OFFENDING PATHWAYS TO OFFENDING 26

27 Good Lives Model Aetiology Pathways to Offending (Purvis, 2005) Two routes to the onset of offending: DIRECT The direct pathway is implicated when sexual offending reflects the seeking of a human good (e.g. intimacy with a child) INDIRECT The indirect pathway represents a ripple effect towards offending 27

28 Direct Pathway to Offending Good: Relatedness Goal: Intimate relationship Capacity Internal Obstacles: Distrustful of adults Only children are accepting Hidden homosexual preference External Obstacles: Poor relationships with others Friends and family reject homosexuality Means: Sexual contact with male children DIRECT ROUTE OFFENCE 28

29 Indirect Pathway to Offending Good: Inner Peace Goal: Emotional well-being Capacity Internal Obstacles: Problem solving deficits Depression External Obstacles: Poor parental modeling No friends Means: Suppression & Avoidance Alcohol/drug use INDIRECT ROUTE OFFENCE Ripple/spiral effect: Continued depression Relationships problems Poor work performance Financial problems 29

30 Operationalising the GLM 1 2 The clinician s, case manager s, practitioner s task is to identify the offender s: Pathways to offending (direct vs indirect) Life Plan (implicit vs explicit, direct vs indirect) Most valued good/s Internal and External capabilities (strengths) Internal and External obstacles (deficits and needs) Means for accessing goods/goals Then the worker must assist the offender to construct goals and set strategies in order to nurture their strengths and/or overcome the identified problems. All actions are directed at assisting the offender to have a realistic chance at achieving their good lives plan. 30

31 GLM Assessment Key GLM case Management Tools: 1.The GLM Mapping Table 2.The GLM Analysis Table 31

32 The GLM Mapping Table 32

33 The GLM Mapping Table The point of the GLM Mapping table is to: 1. Reveal what is good and right in the offender and his life, thus highlighting the strengths and qualities that need to be nurtured and maintained; 2. Highlight the pathways to offending and the internal and external obstacles that led to those anti-social and harmful behaviours, 3. Highlight all the areas that need to be targeted for improvement and change, 4. Help the case manager to objectively prioritise areas for intervention (informs the content of IMPs). 33

34 The GLM Analysis Table LIFE PLAN (present and past) Implicit/Explicit Direct/Indirect/Undetected SCOPE AND MEANS Primary Human Goods Status. Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Action, Maintenance and Lapse/Relapse CAPACITY Internal and External Strengths Internal and External Obstacles COHERENCE Horizontal conflicts Vertical coherence 34

35 Using the GLM Mapping Table to guide Intervention and inform IMPs Individual Management Plans are goal setting documents which are the guiding documents and key interface between offenders and case managers. The GLM Mapping Table produces highly targeted, meaningful and informed IMPs that are focused on risk management and goods promotion. 35

36 Using the GLM Mapping Table to guide Intervention and inform IMPs There are three steps to prioritisation and targeting: 1. If the offender has DIRECT pathways to offending, target intervention towards the goods directly related to offending as a matter of priority. 2. Observe all the obstacles relevant to those goods with direct pathways to offending and look to see if any of them are repeated across different goods. It is recommended that those repeated obstacles are targeted for intervention first, as their presence negatively affects the offender in multiple ways. 3. Make an assessment via MI interviewing around the offender s stage of change in reference to each of the repeated obstacles. Choose to target an obstacle for which the offender is exhibiting change talk (indicating they are in the contemplation or perhaps even preparation stage). 36

37 Using the GLM Mapping Table to guide Intervention and inform IMPs RISK GOAL CONSTRUCTION: After selecting the intervention target, write it up into a SMART approach goal. Language should be futureoriented, optimistic, and the strategies should be designed to add to the offender s repertoire of functioning. STRENGTH GOAL CONSTRUCTION: Next, consider what will get the offender s instant buy-in. What does the offender really enjoy doing (ensure it is pro-social)? What is he proud of? What will he be excited about reporting on or what will he enjoy talking about? It may be that he has a skill in a particular area that can be built upon. Choose this type of thing for the Strength Goal on the IMP. This is something that the offender needs to feel good about. It might appear to just be about fun or enjoyment, but its impact on other areas of his life and well-being, and the level of engagement it brings to case management interviews, must not be underestimated. 37

38 Good Lives: Revisited We have been so busy thinking about how to get rid of sexual crimes that we have overlooked a rather basic truth: offenders want the possibility of better lives, not simply the promise of less harmful ones. (Ward, 2006) 38

39 The Good Lives Model in Practice: TAKING THEORY TO THE COALFACE OF COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS P R E S E N T E R : D R. M AY U M I P U R V I S C O N TA C T : M AY U M G O O D L I V E S M O D E L. C O M PLEASE VISIT US AT: