DETERMINATION OF NO AND NO 2 AIRCRAFT EMISSION INDICES AT AIRPORTS BY OPEN-PATH DOAS

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1 DETERMINATION OF NO AND NO 2 AIRCRAFT EMISSION INDICES AT AIRPORTS BY OPEN-PATH DOAS K. Schäfer, G. Schürmann, S. Emeis, C. Jahn, H. Hoffmann Third International DOAS Workshop, March 20 22, 2006, Bremen

2 Motivation Airport air quality is not well known because emission inventories are estimated only On airports, aircraft engines are one of the major sources for air pollutants Emission indices of ICAO * are used to calculate aircraft emissions: 4 different thrust levels Idle, approach, climb out, take off (LTO cycle) => Applicability of ICAO data must be shown with measured data, but not yet done *ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization

calculate aircraft emissions: 4 different thrust levels Idle, approach, climb out, take off (LTO cycle) =>

3 Methods Passive remote sensing using FTIRspectroscopy (K300, SIGIS) for determination of emission indices of one single engine Concentration measurement in the plume with FTIR & DOAS Determination of emission indices Inverse modelling to estimate multiple sources

Concentration measurement in the plume with FTIR & DOAS

4 Measurement Set up

5 Data Processing The determination of emission indices from concentration measurements: Use of the known emission index of CO 2 (3.15 g/kg) Background measurement of CO 2 and the gaseous compound Measurement in the plume of CO 2 and the gaseous compound EI ~ EI Gas CO 2 Gas CO 2

(3.15 g/kg) Background measurement of CO 2 and the gaseous compound

6 Measurement Instrumentation FTIR spectrometry with a spectrometer from Kayser Threde and the use of glowbars as IR-source DOAS from Opsis in monostatic configuration with retroreflectors

7 Measurement Locations Airport Zurich Kloten (ZRH) Airport Paris Charles de Gaulle (CDG) Vienna

8 Measured components Measured compounds: FTIR: CO, CO 2 simultaneous DOAS: NO, NO 2 one after another Averaging temporal interval: ~ 3 Minutes

9 Measurement results CO 2 CO CO-Concentration [mg m 3 ] HBIQA HBIOL HBIQP HBIQH HBJMB 10:00 10:48 11:36 12: [CET] CO 2 -Concentration [g m 3 ]

0 HBIQA HBIOL HBIQP HBIQH HBJMB 10:00 10:48

10 Measurement results NO-Concentration [ µg m 3 ] Taxiway Parking place 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18: [CET]

11 Measurement results NO. 2 -Concentration [ µg m 3 ] Taxiway Parking place 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18: [CET]

12 Results Vienna Stopping aircraft for measurements at taxiway Summer and winter campaign Cooperation with University of Technology Graz: Schäfer, K., Jahn, C., Sturm, P., Lechner, B., Bacher, M.: Aircraft emission measurements by remote sensing methodologies at airports. Atmospheric Environment 37, 37 (2003), Summary CO: NO x : more than 100 aircrafts, 36 different engines more than 100 aircraft, 24 different engines

: Aircraft emission measurements by remote sensing methodologies at airports.

13 Results Zurich One measurement one aircraft One engine type several emission measurements One ICAO value compared with multiple measurements Summary CO: NO x : 44 aircrafts, 8 different engines 6 aircraft, 3 different engines

compared with multiple measurements Summary CO: NO x :

14 Emission index CO Results Zurich Emission index NO x Tabulated emission idex [g/kg] Tabulated emission idex [g/kg] Measured emission index [g/kg] Measured emission index [g/kg]

emission idex [g/kg] 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 20 40 60 80 Measured

15 One measurement several aircraft Results Paris CDG One measured emission index multiple ICAO values Summary CO: 9 measurements, 4 18 aircrafts / measurement NO x : 4 measurements, 6 10 aircrafts / measurement

Summary CO: 9 measurements, 4 18 aircrafts /

16 Results Paris CDG Emission index CO Emission index NO x Tabulated emission idex [g/kg] Tabulated emission idex [g/kg] Measured emission index [g/kg] Measured emission index [g/kg]

emission idex [g/kg] 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 Measured

17 Variability of data The power settings of an aircraft control the emission characteristic The power settings for the individual measurements is unknown Other sources may influence single measurements

power settings for the individual measurements is

18 Conclusions The presented method is a tool to determine emissions of a single aircraft For better conclusions, more measurements are necessary for a statistical treatment of the data Emission indices for idle conditions are different under inuse conditions in comparison to ICAO data base: EI(CO) higher, EI(NO x ) slightly smaller

treatment of the data Emission indices for idle conditions are different under

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