Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 3 THE PROBLEM THE SOLUTION: Opportunity, Transformation and Impact... 8

Transcription

1 Presented by: Grace Boone Candidate for Master of Public Administration Policy Specialization Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service Class of 2015 Ruchi Hazaray Candidate for Master of Public Administration Management Specialization Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service Class of 2015 Jose Renato Navarrete Perez Candidate for Master of Public Administration International Specialization Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service Class of 2015 Ran Qin Candidate for Master of Public Administration International Specialization Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, Class of 2015

2 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 3 THE PROBLEM... 5 THE SOLUTION: Opportunity, Transformation and Impact... 8 IMPLEMENTATION, STAKEHOLDERS & PARTNERS FUNDING AND BUDGET APPENDIX

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Latch is a community-driven solution that makes it easier for moms to choose breastfeeding through a simple solution that matches motherʼs preferences with the nursing-friendly spaces that establishments can provide. It targets one of the most common reasons why nearly 70% of new mothers in NYC abandon breastfeeding within eight weeks despite of it innumerable benefits: they feel uncomfortable nursing in public. By increasing access to safe, sanitary places for moms to breastfeed away from home, Latch will help moms breastfeed for longer durations, providing babies with an important nutritional start and creating a healthier community. THE PROBLEM Breastfeeding is one of the single most important choices a mother can make to ensure healthy physical and cognitive development for her child. Although 90% moms in New York City are breastfeeding when leave they the hospital, only 31% of them are breastfeeding by their babiesʼ 8-week check up 1. Why?: Although there are many reasons why mothers stop nursing, one particular challenge is feeling uncomfortable nursing in public. 2 In a recent survey, 57% of Americans said that breastfeeding in public was unnatural, indecent, or wrong, leading 40% of mothers to say that nursing away from home was their greatest concern. 3 Although New York State has some of the nationʼs most inclusive laws around breastfeeding in public and women are permitted to nurse in any place where they already has a right to be without being subject to public indecency laws, mothers have been humiliated and asked to leave stores and restaurants while nursing their infants. 45 The stigma leaves moms with few options: they can stop nursing, stay home, or nurse in unclean environments like restrooms. So What?: The short and long-term health benefits of breastfeeding are many. Children who are breastfed have a 50% decreased risk of ear infections and an 85% decreased risk of hospitalization from lower respiratory disease. Long-term, they are at less risk for asthma, lymphoma, and type II diabetes. Although even a few days or weeks of nursing can have a positive impact, these benefits are cumulative, and the biggest effects come after the first six months. A 2010 study found that if 80% of American moms nursed for at least 6 months, annual healthcare costs would be reduced by $10.5 billion 6. Further, increasing the rate and duration of breastfeeding has advantages for many stakeholders: Mothers: In the short term, many mothers report that breastfeeding improves their bond with their infant. It can also reduce the risk of postpartum depression, which affects nearly 13% of moms, posing risks to the motherʼs health and her ability to care for her child. In the long-term breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer by 4% and ovarian cancer by 27%. Workplaces: Because babies who are breastfed get sick less often, their parents take less time off work. Recent studies show that reducing absenteeism can save businesses up to $117 billion in lost productivity. 7 Also, the decreased use of healthcare resources can reduce insurance costs. Global Environment: Breastfeeding is a natural, renewable food source that does not require manufacturing or transportation. For every 1 million children who are breastfed, we would save 150 million containers of formula from consumption and 270 million pounds of carbon produced from the 12 million gallons of oil needed for production and transportation. 8 1 New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Latch On NYC: A hospital-based initiative to support a motherʼs decision to breastfeed (accessed , 2013). 2 Perrine, Cria G., Kelley S. Scanlon, Ruowei Li, Erika Odom, and Laurence M. Grummer-Strawn. "Baby-friendly hospital practices and 2 Perrine, Cria G., Kelley S. Scanlon, Ruowei Li, Erika Odom, and Laurence M. Grummer-Strawn. "Baby-friendly hospital practices and meeting exclusive breastfeeding intention." Pediatrics 130, no. 1 (2012): (Zipp 2010) 3 Zipp, Michelle. Breastfeeding in Public: Most People Don't Approve. May 17, (accessed October 23, 2013). 4 Cohen, Shawna. Mom Breastfeeds Baby at American Girl Store, Told to Move Elsewhere. July 18, (accessed March 1, 2014). 5 Cohen, Shawna. Mom Breastfeeds Baby at American Girl Store, Told to Move Elsewhere. July 18, (accessed March 1, 2014). 6 Bartick, Melissa, and Arnold Reinhold. "The burden of suboptimal breastfeeding in the United States: a pediatric cost analysis." Pediatrics 125, no. 5 (2010): e1048-e Briody, Blaire. The High Cost of Taking a Sick Day. January 10, Taking-a-Sick-Dayhttp:// (accessed March 1, 2014). 8 Udell, Cherise. Breastfeeding is an Environmental Issue. May 9, (accessed March 1, 2014). 3

4 THE SOLUTION The Design: Latch provides a simple solution that connects moms to local establishments who provide nursingfriendly spaces. Using an easy-to-understand classification system, Latch identifies available facilities and then communicates the businessʼ support through a decal in the establishmentʼs entryway. All Latch-approved establishments must make a minimum commitment to (1) having a courteous and educated staff that understand that moms have a legal right to breastfeed in public space and (2) providing a comfortable, sanitary place to sit. Beyond this, the Latch designation further describes the type of seating and other amenities available. Latch will then categorize these establishments using three levels to depending on the number of additional features. Latchʼs classification system gives weight to the existing New York State Breastfeeding Mothersʼ Bill of Rights by providing businesses with specific guidelines for providing this important space, and does not require any regulatory or enforcement changes. Moreover, it strengthens the implementation of current policy by providing moms with clear and accessible information on optimal places to breastfeed. Latch will use online and offline community building activities to develop awareness around its work, drive moms to participating establishments, and create a positive conversation around breastfeeding in public. Offline activities will include: Latch window decals, promotional giveaways, and partnerships with aligned organizations and corporations. Online activities will include: active use of relevant social media and purchasing targeted Facebook and Google ads. THE IMPLEMENTATION In our first year, Latch will pilot activities in three New York City neighborhoods, Murray Hill, Greenwich Village and Tribeca, which were selected for their high density of families with children. In addition, we will: Develop a strong presence and brand awareness through online and offline media activities. Build an extensive network of aligned organizations and leverage their support and resources in generating public awareness Mobilize a corps of community volunteers to expand reach in New York City We estimate that our first year budget will be approximately $23,000, with the majority of expenses being used to support community-building activities. Within five years, Latch will expand throughout New York Cityʼs five boroughs and have a network of around 4,000 establishments. Latch will also begin growth to other metropolitan areas where moms need this support. THE OUTCOME & IMPACT Outcomes: Latch has three outcomes it hopes to achieve. In the short-term, we hope to engage local communities in supporting moms. In the intermediate-term, we hope to see an increase in both breastfeeding rates and duration. And in the long-term, we hope to change the dialogue such that more moms want to breastfeed their babies and feel supported by their community in their choice to do so. Impact: The impact of achieving these outcomes is tremendous. For The Families: An average family saves at a minimum of $1316 on formula in the babyʼs first year. 9 If we help just 15 families breastfeed more easily, the social return on investment exceeds our first year costs. And this does not even include savings in healthcare expenses. For The Businesses: A 10% increase in Social Voice - defined as online and offline word-of-mouth advertising - resulted in sales lift of 0.2% - 1.5% directly. 10 This is precisely Latchʼs value-add for businesses, as it harnesses the power of both online and offline marketing strategies to drive traffic to these local establishments. For The Public: A study conducted in 2010, a minimum of $10.5 billion would be saved if breastfeeding were increased from current levels (64 percent in-hospital, 29 percent at 6 months) to those recommended by the U.S. Surgeon General (75 and 50 percent). The health, economical, and environmental benefits to society are undeniable. 9 Dallas, Mary Elizabeth. The Economics of Breastfeeding. March 20, (accessed February 11, 2014). 10 Keller, Ed. Finally, Proof that Word of Mouth Isn't Just "Nice to Have," But Drives Measurable ROI. December 6, (accessed February 26, 2014). 4

5 THE PROBLEM Problem Definition Since 1997, the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended that breast milk be the sole source of infant nutrition for six months of life, to be supplemented by solid food through the first year 11. Other medical experts, including the World Health Organization, UNICEF, and the U.S. Surgeon General have described breastfeeding as one of the single most important choices a mother can make to ensure healthy physical and cognitive development for her child. Both the city and state of New York have invested considerably in supporting breastfeeding and have been successful in achieving high rates of initial breastfeeding while mother and baby are in hospital. Statewide, 83% of babies receive breast milk during their birth hospitalization, and in New York City, 90% of babies receive breast milk 12. However, despite these efforts, many moms stop breastfeeding within weeks. In New York City, the rate drops to only 31% by the 8-week check up 13. The four primary reasons that moms stop nursing are (1) difficulties with the baby latching on, (2) fears that the baby is not receiving enough nutrition, (3) returning to work, and (4) discomfort and embarrassment with nursing in public. 14 In New York City, moms receive initial support in hospital and in clinical settings to resolve issues regarding latch and nutrition. Additionally, there have been many interventions to address challenges for moms who return to work, including the Affordable Care Act, which requires that insurance companies cover breast pumps 15 (NEED CITE). However, there have been few active attempts to reduce or eliminate the stigma and taboo around breastfeeding in public. In fact, in a recent survey, 57% of Americans said that breastfeeding in public was unnatural, indecent, or wrong, leading 40% of mothers to say that nursing away from home was their greatest concern. 16 Although New York State has some of the nationʼs most inclusive laws around breastfeeding in public and women are permitted to nurse in any place where they already has a right to be without being subject to public indecency laws, mothers have been humiliated and asked to leave stores and restaurants while nursing their infants The stigma leaves moms with few options: they can stop nursing, stay home, or nurse in unclean environments like restrooms. The Significance Breastfeeding confers many health benefits to both baby and mom. Additionally, it provides significant cost savings and is ecologically sound. Infant Health: Most of the literature supporting breastfeeding focuses on benefits to babyʼs physical and cognitive development. Breastfeeding has been linked to a decreased risk of a wide range childhood diseases. Children who are breastfed have a 50% decreased risk of ear infections, an 85% decreased risk of hospitalization from lower respiratory disease, and a 50% reduced risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Long-term, they are at less risk for asthma, lymphoma, and type II diabetes. 11 American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding. "Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk." Pediatrics 129, no. 3 (2012): e827- e841. (Zipp 2010). 12 New York State Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. New York State Breastfeeding Tables (accessed October 23, 2013). 13 New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Latch On NYC: A hospital based initiative to support a motherʼs decision to breastfeed (accessed October 23, 2013). 14 Perrine, Cria G., Kelley S. Scanlon, Ruowei Li, Erika Odom, and Laurence M. Grummer-Strawn. "Baby-friendly hospital practices and meeting exclusive breastfeeding intention." Pediatrics 130, no. 1 (2012): (Zipp 2010) 15 U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Studies. What are my breastfeeding benefits. Healthcare.Gov. (accessed February 10, 2014). 16 Zipp, Michelle. Breastfeeding in Public: Most People Don't Approve. May 17, (accessed October 23, 2013). 17 Cohen, Shawna. Mom Breastfeeds Baby at American Girl Store, Told to Move Elsewhere. July 18, (accessed March 1, 2014). 18 Cohen, Shawna. Mom Breastfeeds Baby at American Girl Store, Told to Move Elsewhere. July 18, (accessed March 1, 2014). 5

6 Breastfeeding has also been credited with providing additional benefits to the infantʼs cognitive development. A 1999 meta-analysis published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that children who are breastfed perform better over a range of assessments. Another study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, used a randomized trial to find that at age 6.5, children who were breast-fed children had higher means on all of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence measures and received higher ratings from their teachers in both reading and writing 19. Although even a few days or weeks of nursing can have a positive impact, these benefits are cumulative, and the biggest effects come after the first six months. Mothers: Although there have been far fewer studies on the maternal health benefits, research indicates a conclusive relationship between breastfeeding and better health outcomes for mom. In the short term, many mothers report that breastfeeding improves their bond with their infant. It can also reduce the risk of postpartum depression, which affects nearly 13% of moms, posing risks to the motherʼs health and her ability to care for her child. In the long-term breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer by 4% and ovarian cancer by 27%. The Economy: A 2010 study found that if 80% of American moms followed the Surgeon Generalʼs guidelines and nursed for at least 6 months, annual healthcare costs would be reduced by $10.5 billion 20. This is due largely to the reduction in hospitalizations and deaths associated with childhood illnesses. However, because babies who are breastfed get sick less often, their parents take less time off work. Recent studies show that reducing absenteeism can save businesses up to $117 billion in lost productivity. 21 Further, because breast milk is free, parents save, on average, $1300 annually from not purchasing baby formula. Global Environment: Breastfeeding is a natural, renewable food source that does not require manufacturing or transportation. For every 1 million children who are breastfed, 150 million containers of formula are saved from consumption and 270 million pounds of carbon produced from the 12 million gallons of oil needed for production and transportation Kramer, Michael S., Frances Aboud, Elena Mironova, Irina Vanilovich, Robert W. Platt, Lidia Matush, Sergei Igumnov et al. "Breastfeeding and child cognitive development: new evidence from a large randomized trial." Archives of general psychiatry 65, no. 5 (2008): Bartick, Melissa, and Arnold Reinhold. "The burden of suboptimal breastfeeding in the United States: a pediatric cost analysis." Pediatrics 125, no. 5 (2010): e1048-e Briody, Blaire. The High Cost of Taking a Sick Day. January 10, Taking-a-Sick-Dayhttp:// (accessed March 1, 2014). 22 Udell, Cherise. Breastfeeding is an Environmental Issue. May 9, (accessed March 1, 2014). 6

7 THE SOLUTION: Opportunity, Transformation and Impact Opportunity Why New York? New York City presents an ideal opportunity for Latch because the city has achieved very high breastfeeding rates in hospital. Both New York State and New York City have pushed hospitals to implement Baby Friendly hospital policies that encourage initial breastfeeding, limit the supplemental use of infant formula, and support moms with in-hospital lactation consultation. These policies, called Great Beginnings throughout the state and LatchOn in New York City, have helped the achievement an in-hospital breastfeeding rates of 83% statewide and 90% in the City. These numbers exceed the Surgeon Generalʼs goal of 80% of infants receiving breast milk while in hospital, but the city and state are still pushing for better rates of exclusive breastfeeding, which at approximately 40% fall far short of the goal of 60%. In a letter to hospital administrators, the State Commissioner of Health reminded them that Promoting exclusive and sustained breastfeeding are important public health objectives in New York. Additionally, the New York State Department of Health annually publishes a an report of breastfeeding rates within each hospital 23 Additionally, New York State has some of the nationʼs most inclusive laws about breastfeeding in public. Unlike in many states, women in New York can nurse anywhere they already have a legal right to be and not be subject to public indecency laws. This right is inscribed in N.Y. Civil Rights Law 79-e and within the New York State Breastfeeding Momʼs Bill of Rights. Mothers are advised to contact the Department of Human Rights 24. However, the department does not maintain records of women being excluded from public accommodations while breastfeeding. Why now? This generation of moms is ready for a fight! There is already a mobilized community through Lactivism, or advocacy for better support of nursing moms. Throughout the nation, there has been high-profile nurse-ins similar to a sit-in, where hundreds nursing moms protest after a business that has asked a breastfeeding mom to leave. On Facebook, mommy blogs, and online communities such as BabyCenter and The Bump, mothers and fathers are not only lamenting the lack of safe public spaces, but also fighting to end the stigma. Examples include: Project Breastfeeding: An online photo series that seeks to destigmatize public breast feeding, educate men, and empower women. 25 The Leaky Boob: A blog and Facebook page that gives advice and support to nursing moms Best for Babes: A website that seeks to change the cultural perception of breastfeeding and Beat the Breastfeeding Booby Traps the cultural, institutional and legal barriers that prevent parents from making informed feeding decisions and that prevent moms from achieving their personal breastfeeding goals. Online supports, like these, are incredibly important in an age when 73% of new moms report using social media to receive recommendations on products and services. Additionally, according to a 2011 study commissioned by ad agency BBDO and innovation firm Creativity, Inc., Millennial Moms (those born after 1980) are community-focused and seek information from a variety of sources (not just experts) before making decisions Ibid. New York State Department of Health 24 New York State Department of Health. Breastfeeding Moms Bill of Rights. January 10, (accessed March 1, 2014). 25 Zarrell, Rachel. This is What It Would Look Like if Dads Could Breastfeed. Buzzfeed. (accessed March 1, 2014). 26 Canadian Study Finds Young Moms Seek a More Team Approach to Raising Kids Than Previous Generations. Marketwire htm (accessed March 1, 2014). 7

8 Transformation What is Latch? Latch is a community-driven solution that makes it easier for moms to choose breastfeeding by mobilizing local community support. It targets one of the most common reasons why more than 60% of new mothers in NYC abandon breastfeeding within eight weeks despite of it innumerable benefits: they feel uncomfortable nursing in public. By increasing access to safe, sanitary places for moms to breastfeed away from home, Latch will help moms breastfeed for longer durations, providing babies with an important nutritional start and creating a healthier community. The Design Latch provides a simple solution that connects moms to local establishments who provide nursingfriendly spaces. Using an easy-to-understand classification system, Latch identifies available facilities and then communicates the businessʼ support through a decal in the establishmentʼs entryway. All Latch-approved establishments must make a minimum commitment to (1) having a courteous and educated staff that understand that moms have a legal right to breastfeed in public space and (2) providing a comfortable, sanitary place to sit. Beyond this, the Latch designation further describes the facilities the business provides: Open seating: The mom may sit anyone throughout the business Semi-private: The mom may sit in an adjoining area that provides minimal privacy Private: The mom may site in a separate space that provides full privacy Electrical Outlet: The mom will have use of an electrical outlet to allow use of a breast pump (contingent on private space) Latch will then categorize these establishments using three levels to depending on the amount of available spaces. These levels will be featured on the window decal. Level Level One Level Two Available Facilities One of the following: Open Seating OR Semi-Private Space OR Private Space Two of the following: Open Seating OR Semi-Private Space OR Private Space OR Electrical Outlet Level Three At least three of the following: Open Seating OR Semi-Private Space OR Private Space OR Electrical Outlet Latchʼs classification system gives weight to the existing New York State Breastfeeding Mothersʼ Bill of Rights by providing businesses with specific guidelines for providing this important space, and does not require any regulatory or enforcement changes. Moreover, it strengthens the implementation of current policy by providing moms with clear and accessible information on optimal places to breastfeed. Competitive Landscape Latch fills an important unmet need of breastfeeding moms. The simple classification system efficiently matches momsʼ preferences with what businesses are willing to offer. Latch is not the first intervention aimed improving access to public breastfeeding space, but it vastly improves on available options. Historically, interventions have focused on creating new spaces (difficult to do in dense places like New York City), developing list of places based on reports from moms (without conferring with businesses), and providing moms with cover ups (which are difficult to manage while feeding baby). Each of these options is less than optimal for either moms or business owners. 8

9 Recent Initiatives around breastfeeding in public have mainly targeted working moms who have access to decent public buildings, workplaces and airports rather than moms of all income levels in different communities. Moreover, all of them require relatively high investment of purchasing or creating new spaces for nursing moms. Pittsburgh Milk Truck: The Milk Truck aims to create a mobile breastfeeding unit that allows mothers to feed their babies in places where they have been discouraged - restaurants, shopping malls, public spaces, etc.. The truck will also make regular rounds on its ʻPump Routeʼ to offer a private, clean space for women to pump breast milk at work. In addition, and due to popular demand, The Milk Truck will visit businesses and events that are breastfeedingfriendly, to celebrate their awesomeness Burlington Airport Lactation Pods (Mamava): The Mamava, Spanish for "Mama goes," offers security, privacy and a clean, well-lit space outfitted in Corian, the same solid surface used for countertops and food preparation. A Burlington company has opened its first breast-feeding and pumping station at Burlington International Airport, hoping to replicate the experience at airports and workplaces across the country. Mamava co-founders Sascha Mayer and Christine Dodson have dealt with the difficulties of trying to breastfeed their babies and travel, both for work and recreation. 10 sq. meters of love: The United Nations Children's Fund, or UNICEF and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention have jointly initiated a campaign called "10 Square Meters of Love", for the benefit of breastfeeding mothers and their children. The "10 Square Meters of Love" campaign is calling for the establishment of breastfeeding rooms in public buildings and workplaces throughout the country. Latch wants to differentiate from these initiatives by (1) truly mobilizing the community, (2) building on existing infrastructure, and (3) changing the conversation from a private concern to a public issue in a simple and low-cost way. Intended Beneficiaries Breastfeeding is a public issue that has tremendous impact on public health and the economy. Babies: Breastfeeding provides important nutrients that are beneficial for babies in both their physical and cognitive development. Moreover, there are huge health implications for babies. Continuing breastfeeding beyond the early weeks of babiesʼ lives will provides cumulative health benefits as detailed above. Moms: Breastfeeding provides many long and short-term benefits to mothers. Latch allows moms to continue providing their babies and themselves with the benefits conferred by breastfeeding while addressing the stigma and embarrassment that challenge mothers. Hospitals/Healthcare/Medical Community: The New York State Department of Health and New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene have made breastfeeding promotion public health priorities. Both departments have enacted model breastfeeding policies to encourage breastfeeding initiation that include the requirement that hospitals provide postdischarge breastfeeding support. In the New York State Breastfeeding Quality Improvement Hospital Initiative (BQIH), hospitals are measured on the percentage of moms who receive support in the community. Local Businesses/Establishments: 73% of women change purchase behaviors once they become moms, which would be a potential losing market for businesses. However, 30% of moms say that they would pay more for products if it saves time and hassle. Having a childfriendly store will therefore lead to increasing traffic and revenue for a local establishment. Not to mention that theyʼll enjoy Latchʼs free online and offline marketing strategy. 9

10 Although there are many stakeholders who benefit from increased breastfeeding rates and duration, the primary beneficiaries of Latch are mothers and business owners. To support our logic model and needs assessment, we collected feedback from parents and businesses. Parents: Knowing that there was a very real stigma on breastfeeding in public, we met with 20 parents and parents-to-be to discuss their challenges and concerns with breastfeeding and nursing away from home. Some of their comments included: Lee (Dad of 1): We had this issue just last week. We had an intricate travel plan and every intention to be home in time for his meal, but then suddenly we were stuck and had no clue where to go. Luckily there was a Baby Gap nearby, and they let us use a fitting room. As a life-long New Yorker, that was the first time I found myself with no clue where to go to find something. Jessica (Mom-to-be) "I worry that my on-the-go lifestyle won't be conducive to breastfeeding. If I always have to find a corner to hide in, I might just stop going out. Angie (Mom of 3) The most difficult part for me was nursing in public... time away from home just got frustrating because there was no where very comfortable to nurse. Autumn (Mom of 1) Not having a place to go makes me want to become a lobbyist. I had no idea the challenges until I became a mom. The need to breastfeed/express is no different than needing to go to the restroom and there are no accommodations for nursing moms Business Owners: Currently, 10 establishments have committed to being Latch locations. They appreciate that the commitment costs them nothing, and that their participation will be featured in our marketing activities. Also, because most businesses are small, often family-owned establishments, owners are excited to contribute to local community development, earning a positive reputation as well as profits. Benʼs Pizza (123 MacDougal Street, NY10012) Sure, we have a long history in Greenwich Village and want to give back to community. Especially you cost nothing to start with for this wonderful idea. When will you come back? Dumpling Kingdom (227 Sullivan Street, NY 10012) We know itʼs perfectly legal for moms to breastfeed anywhere! We have no problem having babies and moms here if they like. Actually, some of us are moms and we understand and want to support your idea. Waiting for your decals. Apple Restaurant (17 Waverly Place, NY 10003) We donʼt have a private space for nursing moms but we could totally meet Level One and hopefully we could move to Level Two if moms want to sit in a quiet corner. Though we might at risk of making other customers uncomfortable, such things barely happened before. We appreciate your marketing support from businessʼs point of view. 10