fojeks fldgi Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ.skqï yd lghq;=

Transcription

1 fojeks fldgi

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3 fojeks fldgi Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ.skqï yd lghq;= msgqj 1'.sKqïlrK iy uq,h 1 2' nexl= wëlaik 57 3' nexl= ú msfhi 61 4' ikaksfõok 62 5' jhjydr uqo,a 64 6' foaysh lghq;= 67 7 wdr :ßl mr fhaik 70 8' fiajl wr :idol wruqo, 74 9' úksuh md,kh 79 10' myiqlï l<ukdlrk 81 11' uq,h lghq;= 82 12' uq,h nqoaê tallh 83 13' uq,h wxy mr fhaik 85 14' wêm;s f,alï 86 15' udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrk 86 16' f;dr;=re ;dlaik 93 17' wnhka;r ú.kk 96 18' cd;hka;r fufyhqï 97 19' f.ùï iy mshùï 99 20' m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapk iy ks laik ' rdch Kh ' m%dfoaysh ixjr Ok ' m%dfoaysh ldr hd, fufyhqï lghq;= ' f,alï fomdr ;fïka;=j ' wdrlail fiajd ' ldr h ukav, fiajd l<ukdlrk ' ixlhdk ' nexl= fkdjk uq,h wdh;k wëlaik 115

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5 II fldgi Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ.skqï yd lghq;= 1'.sKqïlrK iy uq,h YS%,xld uy nexl=j 2014 foieïn¾ 31 Èkg l<ukdldß;aj m%ldyh iajlsh wruqkqj,g wod,j YS%,xld uy nexl=fõ.skqïlghq;= Ndjh iy uq,h ld¾hidokh YS%,xldfõ uqo,a" uq,h iy f.ùï moao;s m md,kh" wëlaikh iy kshdukh ls u i yd j.lsjhq;= wêld h f,i uy nexl=j uqo,a ks;s mk; hgf;a ia:dms; lrk, ' tu mkf;a úêúodk m m%odk mrudr :hka jk wdr :ßl iy ñ, ia:dhs;djh yd uq,h moao;s ia:dhs;djh idlaid;a lr.eksfï j.lsu nexl=j fj; mej we;' tneúka" uy nexl=fõ.skqïlghq;=ndjh iy tls fufyhqï j, idr :l;ajh jkafka tu m%odk mrudr :hka lrd <Ûdùu i yd jk m%;sm;a;s yd fufyhqï j, im,;djh úkd tys,dn hs;ajh fkdjkafkah' uy nexl=j" fjk;a mqoa.,sl fyda rdch wdh;kj,ska fjka fldg y kd.efkk uq,sl,laikh kï fuu jhjia:dms; mrudr :hkah' fmd<s wkqmd;h iy úfoay úksuh wkqmd;h flfrys n,mdk uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ls%hdudr.hka u.ska,dn ckkh ls fï woaú;sh yelshdjla uynexl=j i;= neúka nexl=j úiska,dn hs;aj m%fõyhla wkq.ukh lf<a kï,dn ckkh jk w;r m%odk mrudr : fkdi,ld ye ula jkq we;' tneúka uy nexl=fõ wdr :ßl yd ñ, ia:dhs;d uq,h moao;s ia:dhs;d mrudr :hka",dn hs;d wruqkq j,ska úhqla; l<hq;= w;r th yqfola wdkqydx.sl wruqkla úhhq;= jkafkah' uy nexl=fõ m%;sm;a;s fufyhqï" úksuh wkqmd; l<ukdlrkh" uqo,a fkdaügq ksl=;=j wd h ls%hd;aul ls fï m%;sm," Wm,íê jákdlï uy nexl=fõ uq,h m%ldykhkays w,.skqïlrk iy jdr ;dlrk m%ñ;hkag wkql+,j igyka lrk w;r" fuh iuia; rdch.skqïlrk lghq;=ndjfhka fldgila idlaid;a lr.eksula f,i uq,h.skqïlrk lghq;=ndjh i yd moku imhkq,nk w;r" fuu m%ldyhkays jdr ;d lr we;s uq,h ldr hidokh iy wjfndao lr.eksu tu miq;,fha msysgd l<hq;=h' uqo,a ks;s mkf;a 42 yd 43 j.ka;s m%ldr ú.kldêm;s úiska lrkq,nk ndysr ú.kkhlg YS%,xld uy nexl=j Ndckh fõ' cd;hka;r uq,h jdr ;dlrk m%ñ;hkag wkql+, njg iy;sl ùu i yd cd;hka;r ú.kl m%ñ;hkag wkql+,j ú.kkhla ls u i yd wr kaiaü iy hx.a jr,;a.kldêld jrekaf.a fiajh ú.kldêm;s;=ud úiska,ndf.k we;' II fldgi - 1

6 tµaî$fla$isîtiat,a$1$14$ wfm%a,a 15 k.re uqo,a wud;h;=ud Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ 2014 foieïn¾ 31 Èfkka wjika j¾ih i yd jq uq,h m%ldyk ms<sn j uqo,a ks;s mkf;a ^422 wêldßh& 42 ^2& j.ka;sh m%ldr ú.kldêm;s jd¾;dj Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ ^ nexl=j & 2014 foieïnr 31 kg uq,h ;;a;aj m%ldykh iy t fkka wjika jr Ih i yd jq wd hï m%ldykh" wfkl=;a úia;srk wd hï m%ldykh" ysñlï fjkiaùfï m%ldykh iy uqo,a m%jdy m%ldykh iy jeo.;a.skqïlrk m%;sm;a;s iy wfkl=;a meye,s ls fï f;dr;=rej, idrdxyhlska iukaú; 2014 foieïnr 31 fkka wjika jr Ih i yd jq uq,h m%ldyk 1971 wxl 38 ork uqo,a mkf;a 13^1& j.ka;sh iy uqo,a ks;s mkf;a ^422 wêld h& 42 ^2& j.ka;sh iu. ixfhda ;j lshúh hq;= Y%S,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd ckrcfha wdkavql%u jhjia:fõ 154 ^1& jhjia:dfjys we;=<;a úêúodk m%ldr udf.a úodkh hgf;a ú.kkh lrk, ' Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ uq,h m%ldyk" cd;hka;r uq,h jdr ;dlrk m%ñ;skaj,g wkql+,ùu ms<sn j jq ú.kkh i yd m%isoao jd;a;sfhys kshe,s jr,;a.kldêld iud.ula ug iyh jk, ' uq,h m%ldyk iïnkaofhka uqo,a ukav,fha j.lsu cd;hka;r uq,h jdr ;dlrk m%ñ;s j,g wkql+,j uq,h m%ldyk ms<sfh, ls u iy idodrkj b m;a ls u uqo,a ukav,fha ^ ukav,h & j.lsu fõ' WÑ; m iq iq.skqïlrk m%;sm;a;s f;dard.eksfï yd fhd.eksfï iy wjia:dkql+,j.skqïlrk weia;fïka;= ms<sfh, ls fï " jxpd fyda jer fya;=fjka we;s úh yels m%udkd;aul idjoh m%ldyhkaf.ka f;dr jq uq,h m%ldyk ms<sfh, ls u yd idodrk f,i b m;a ls ug w < jk wnhka;r md,khka ie,iqï ls u" l%shd;aul ls u yd mj;ajdf.k hdu fuu j.lsug we;=<;a fõ' ú.klf.a j.lsu udf.a ú.kkh u; mokïj fuu uq,h m%ldyk ms<sn j u;hla m%ldy ls u udf.a j.lsu fõ' ud úiska cd;hka;r ú.kk m%ñ;s j,g wkql+,j udf.a ú.kkh is lrk, ' wdpdr Or uj, wjyh;djkag uu wkql+, jk njg iy uq,h m%ldyk m%udkd;aul idjoh m%ldyhkaf.ka f;dr jkafkao hkak ms<sn idodrk ;yjqrejla,nd.eksu msksi ú.kkh ie,iqï lr l%shd;aul lrk njg fuu m%ñ;s wfmalaid lrhs' uq,h m%ldykj, ±lafjk w.hka iy fy<sorõ ls ïj,g Wmld jk ú.kk idlais,nd.eksu ms i m mdá l%shd;aul ls u ú.kkhg we;=<;a fõ' f;dard.;a m mdàka" jxpd fyda jer fya;=fjka uq,h m%ldykj, we;súh yels m%udkd;aul idjoh m%ldyhkaf.a wj kï ;lafiare ls ï ú.klf.a úksyaph u; mokï fõ' tu wj kï ;lafiare ls ï j, " wjia:dfjdañ;j WÑ; ú.kk m mdá ie,iqï ls u i yd nexl=fõ uq,h m%ldyk ms<sfh, ls ug iy idodrk f,i b m;a ls ug w, jkakd jq wnhka;r md,kh ú.kl ie,ls,a,g.kakd kuq;a nexl=fõ wnhka;r md,kfha im, hs;ajh ms<sn j u;hla m%ldy ls ug woyia fkdlrhs' l<ukdlrkh úiska wkq.ukh lrk,o.skqïlrk m%;sm;a;sj, WÑ;Ndjh yd fhd.kakd,o.skqïlrk weia;fïka;=j, idodrk;ajh we.hsu fukau uq,h m%ldykj, iuia: b m;a ls u ms<sn we.hsuo ú.kkhg we;=,;a fõ' ú.kkfha úih m:h iy m%udkh ;SrKh ls u i yd 1971 wxl 38 ork uqo,a mkf;a 13 j.ka;sfha ^3& iy ^4& Wm j.ka;sj,ska ú.kldêm;s fj; wnsud;dkqid n,;, mejfr ' udf.a ú.kk u;h i yd mokula iemhsu Wfoid ud úiska,ndf.k we;s ú.kk idlais m%udkj;a yd WÑ; nj udf.a úyajdihhs' u;h uq,h m%ldykj,ska 2014 foieïnr 31 kg nexl=fõ uq,h ;;a;ajh iy t fkka wjika jr Ih i yd tys uq,h l%shdld ;ajh yd uqo,a m%jdy cd;hka;r uq,h jdr ;dlrk m%ñ;s j,g wkql+,j i;h yd idodrk ;;ajhla ms<sìuq lrk nj ud orkakd jq u;h fõ' ví,sõ'ms'is'úl%ur;ak jevn,k ú.kldêm;s

7 II fldgi Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ.skqï yd lghq;= Y%S,xld uy nexl=j 2014 foieïn¾ 31 jeks Èkg uq,h ;;aj m%ldykh igyk j;alï úfoaysh uq,h j;alï uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhka 487,070, ,676,763,dN fyda w,dn u; idodrk ñ,g we;s iq/l=ïm;a 5 61,495,307 94,137,368 úl=kqï i yd jq wdfhdack 5 408,189, ,531,750 jhq;amkak uq,h WmlrK 6 1,580,237 5,670,258 cd;hka;r uq,h wruqo, ^cd'uq'w'& iïnkao j;alï 7 79,816,029 85,400,764 wksl=;a,eìh hq;= 7,105, uqω úfoaysh uq,h j;alï 1,045,257, ,417,494 foaysh uq,h j;alï Y%S,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 8 124,443,452 15,853,513 rchg fok,o ld,sk w;a;sldrï 9 143,897, ,167,071 nexl= i`oyd fok,o Kh 10 1,489,372 1,375,396 wksl=;a,eìh hq;= 1,912,071 1,829,712 uq,h iy wksl=;a wdh;khkays ysñlre m%d.aok wdfhdack 11 41,095 41,095 wksl=;a j;alï 12 8,107,914 7,326,533 uqω foaysh uq,h j;alï 279,891, ,593,320 uqω uq,h j;alï 1,325,149,633 1,104,010,814 úfoaysh uq,h fkdjk j;alï rka ,190,635 95,601,221 foaysh uq,h fkdjk j;alï f;d.h 14 3,620,480 3,103,281 wfkl=;a,eìh hq;= oe yd l,ska f.ùï 27,446,864 29,027,698 foam, ms h; iy WmlrK 15 14,686,696 14,228,915 wiamdyh j;alï ,084 35,598 uqω uq,h fkdjk j;alï 146,250, ,996,713 uqω j;alï 1,471,400,392 1,246,007,527 nerlï iy ysñlre m%d.aokh úfoaysh uq,h nerlï nexl= iy uq,h wdh;k 17 11,678,483 21,504,196 jhq;amkak uq,h WmlrK 6 19,207,822 16,183,282 wdishdkq ksyaldik ix.uh 18 57,230,304 37,301,553 cd;hka;r uq,h wruqo, ^cd'uq'w'& ,011, ,032,012 wksl=;a 20 72,146,159 47,221,119 uqω úfoaysh uq,h nerlï 468,273, ,242,162 foaysh uq,h nerlï nexl= iy uq,h wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= ,009, ,809,893 rch iy rcfha wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= , ,230 m%;sñ,.eksfï tl`.;djh u; wf,ú l< iq/l=ïm;a ,252,000 84,601,000 fiajl m%;s,dn ie,iqïj, fyaihka 24 2,209,782 2,419,087 wksl=;a f.úh hq;= 25 8,939,293 5,659,718 uqω foaysh uq,h nerlï 500,722, ,905,928 uqω uq,h nerlï 968,996, ,148,090 wksl=;a nerlï ixirkfhys mj;sk uqo,a ,895, ,770,981 ú,ïns; m% k ,449 úy%du jegqma yd wfkl=;a myapd;a /lshd m%;s,dn ie,iqï 43 3,599,035 4,936,339 úúo nerlï iy WmÑ;hka , ,455 uqω wksl=;a nerlï 420,692, ,952,224 uqω nerlï 1,389,688,541 1,131,100,314 ysñlre m%d.aokh m%d.aok wruqo, 50,000,000 35,000,000 ixñ; 29 31,711,851 79,907,213 uqω ysñlï m%d.aokh 81,711, ,907,213 uqω nerlï iy ysñlï m%d.aokh 1,471,400,392 1,246,007,527 fuu uq,h m%ldyhka Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s iy m%odk.kldêld úiska 2015 udr ;= 17 jeks k uqo,a ukav,h fjkqfjka ksl=;a ls u i yd wkqu; lrk, ',laiauka wr cqk ufyakaøka - wêm;s ms'ù',laiauka kkaoiṡ - jev n,k m%odk.kldêld msgq wxl 07 isg 56 olajd we;s.skqïlrk m%;sm;a;s yd igyka fuu uq,h m%ldykj, fldgila fõ' II fldgi - 3

8 Y%S,xld uy nexl=j 2014 foieïn¾ 31 Èfkka wjika ld,mßéfþoh i yd wdþhï m%ldykh igyk fufyhqï wd hu úfoaysh uq,h j;alï wdy%s; wd hu fmd<s wd hu 31 22,221,503 18,505,656 Wm,íê fkdjq m%;hd.kkhkaf.ka jdish (7,966,791) (27,892,406) ñ, fjkiaùïj,ska Wm,íê jdish 12,626,457 13,389,159 úfoaysh uq,h j;alïj,ska uqω wd hu 26,881,169 4,002,409 úfoaysh uq,h nerlï wdy%s; úhoï fmd<s úhou 32 (3,103,257) (4,447,401) úfoaysh uq,h nerlï wdy%s; uqω úhou (3,103,257) (4,447,401) Y=oaO úfoay úksuh m%;hd.kk jdish $ ^mdvqj& (32,266,690) (26,758,639) úfoaysh uq,h wdfhdack wd hu $ ^mdvqj& (8,488,778) (27,203,631) foaysh uq,h j;alï wdy%s; wd hu fmd<s wd hu 31 4,616,684 14,450,134 fmd<s úhou 32 (17,748,037) (2,979,850) foaysh uq,h j;alï wdy%s; uqω wd hu (13,131,353) 11,470,284 wksl=;a wd hï 33 1,367,666 2,919,260 uqω Y=oaO fufyhqï wd hu $ ^mdvqj& (20,252,465) (12,814,087) fufyhqï úhoï ( fiajl ukav, úhoï ( 34 - jegqma iy fõ;k (3,256,096) (3,138,445) - ksyañ; hl ie,iqï ms jeh (457,274) (447,626) - myapd;a fiajl m%;s,dn ie,iqï msrsjeh i yd jq w;sfr l odhl;ajh (1,289,040) (1,988,525) (5,002,410) (5,574,596) laihùï iy l%ulaih (396,811) (365,644) f;d. ms jeh (1,829,350) (1,476,937) fiñka p,kh jk úihka i`oyd fjka ls ï - (20,000) m md,k iy wksl=;a úhoï 35 (4,050,858) (1,997,048) uqω fufyhqï úhoï (11,279,429) (9,434,225) n j,g fmr,dnh $ ^w,dnh& (31,531,894) (22,248,312) / jqï noao 36 (777,496) (2,016,217) jr Ih i yd Y=oaO,dNh$^w,dNh& (32,309,390) (24,264,529) msgq wxl 07 isg 56 olajd we;s.skqïlrk m%;sm;a;s yd igyka fuu uq,h m%ldykj, fldgila fõ' Y%S,xld uy nexl=j 2014 foieïn¾ 31 ka wjika jq ld,mßéfþoh i yd úia;srk wdodhï m%ldykh jr Ih i`oyd jq Y=oaO,dNh$^w,dNh& (32,309,390) (24,264,529) wfkl=;a úia;srk wdodhï úl=kqï iq/l=ïm;a i yd jq Y=oaO idodrk jákdlu,dnh$^w,dnh& 9,229,796 (13,904,065) úl=kq foam< ms h; WmlrKhkays m%;hd.kk,dnh udrels ï - (40) myapd;a fiajl m%;s,dn ie,iqï ms jeh wfkl=;a úia;srk wdodhïj,g udre ls ï 1,487,603 (592,417) uqω úia;srk wd hu$^w,dnh& (21,591,991) (38,761,051) msgq wxl 07 isg 56 olajd we;s.skqïlrk m%;sm;a;s yd igyka fuu uq,h m%ldykj, fldgila fõ' II fldgi - 4

9 II fldgi Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ.skqï yd lghq;= YS%,xld uy nexl=j 2014 foieïn¾ 31 Èfkka wjika ld,mßéfpaoh i yd ialkao m%d.aokfha fjkiaùï m%ldykh hl m%d.aokh m%d.aokh f,i úir ckh l< ixñ;h m%;hd.kk ixñ;h wksl=;a ixñ;h ^igyk 29& iuqéñ;,dn tl;=j re' ckjd 01 kg 15,000 34,985,000 5,986, ,180,695 25,296, ,463,952 Y=oaO,dNh $ ^Y=oaO w,dnh& (24,264,529) (24,264,529) ;;ald,sk o< mshjqï moao;sh i yd jq ksoka.; wruqo,g mej u ,428 (191,428) - fmd ixñ;hg mej u úy%du md f;daisl yd ffjoh m%;s,dn ,315 (126,315) - wruqo,aj,g udre ls u wfkl=;a úia;srk wd hfï y` kd.;a myapd;a ,490 (523,602) 71,888 fiajl m%;s,dn ms jeh Y=oaO úfoay úksuh m%;hd.kk w,dnh udre (592,417) (592,417) ls u (IRR) (26,758,632) 26,758,632 - Y%S',x'u'ne' úfyai ixñ;j,g udre ls u ffjoh m%;s,dn iy úy%du md f;daisl ,317 (91,317) - ixñ;j,ska wruqo,a w, j.lsï.skqïj,g udre ls u úl=kq ia:djr j;alïj, m%;hd.kk,dnh (1,511,789) - (1,511,789) udre ls u - - (40) wfkl=;a úia;srk wd hu Y%S,xld uy nexl= fiajd hl iy úy%du wdm (13,904,065) - (13,904,065) iyk wruqo,g wruqo,a udre ls u fj< fmd, m%;hd.kk ixñ;fhka iuqéñ; (122) (122),dNhg l< Y=oaO udre ls u (6,703,951) 6,703, jr Ih i yd jq b;s,dnh rchg mej u 2013 jr Ihg w < wka;r,dnhka rchg (2,355,705) (2,355,705) mej u (25,000,000) (25,000,000) 2014 ckjd 01 kg 15,000 34,985,000 5,986,602 68,306,848 5,613, ,907,213 Y=oaO,dNh $ ^Y=oaO w,dnh& (32,309,390) (32,309,390) ;;ald,sk o< mshjqï moao;sh i yd jq ksoka.; wruqo,g mej u ,124 (212,124) - fmd ixñ;hg mej u ,511,182 (1,511,182) - wfkl=;a úia;srk wd hfï y kd.;a myapd;a fiajl m%;s,dn ms jeh Y=oaO úfoay úksuh m%;hd.kk w,dnh udre ,487,603 1,487,603 ls u (IRR) (32,266,690) 32,266,690 - Y%S',x'u'ne' úfyai ixñ;j,g udre ls u (103,198) (103,198) wfkl=;a úia;srk wd hu ,229,796-9,229,796 Wlia w;a;sldrï i yd jq Kh wemlr fhdackdj,shg wruqo,a udre ls u mer mqj;am;a úls fuka,o wd hu" Ndú;d (500,000) 500,000 - lrk,o uqoaor úls fuka,o wd hu iy mqia;ld,fhka tl;= lr.;a ov uqo,a udre ls u (173) (173) Y%S',x'u'ne' m%d.aokh jr Okh ls u i yd fmd ixñ;fha isg wruqo,a udre ls u - 15,000,000 - (15,000,000) - - Y%S',x'u'ne' m%d.aokh jr Okh ls u 49,985,000 (49,985,000) jr Ih i yd jq b;s,dnh rchg mej u 2014 jr Ihg w < wka;r,dnhka rchg (3,000,000) (3,000,000) mej u (8,500,000) (8,500,000) 2014 foieïnr 31 kg 50,000,000-5,986,602 31,493,260 (5,768,011) 81,711,851 msgq wxl 07 isg 56 olajd we;s.skqïlrk m%;sm;a;s yd igyka fuu uq,h m%ldykj, fldgila fõ' II fldgi - 5

10 Y%S,xld uy nexl=j 2014 foieïn¾ 31 osfkka wjika ld,mßéfpaoh i yd uqo,a m%jdy m%ldykh igyk fufyhqï l%shdldrlïj,ska,o uqo,a m%jdyhka,eîï(,enqkq fmd<sh - úfoaysh uqo,a 25,984,366 21,656,589,enqKq fmd<sh - foaysh uqo,a - wksl=;a 530, ,044 øjys,;d l<ukdlrk iy fjf< wd hï 12,626,457 13,389,159 Wm,íê jq úksuh jdish $ ^mdvqj& (553,996) (13,638,407),enqKq wksl=;a wd hï 1,360,447 1,175,609 39,948,053 23,095,994 úh meyeoï f.jk,o fmd<sh - úfoaysh uqo,a 3,406,299 4,681,100 f.jk,o fmd<sh - foaysh uqo,a 15,828,575 2,827,328 fiajlhskag f.ùï 4,729,643 3,947,528 iemhqïlrejkag f.ùï 5,601,065 29,596,753 f.jk,o n 929,097 2,016,217 30,494,679 43,068,926 fufyhqï l%shdldrlï ;=,ska,o$ ^i yd Ndú;d l<& Y=oaO uqo,a m%jdyh 37 9,453,374 (19,972,932) wdfhdack l%shdldrlïj,ska,o uqo,a m%jdyhka,eîï ( wksl=;a foaysh uq,h j;alïj, Y=oaO ^jeäùu& $ wvqùu (790,741) (858,623) wksl=;a wdh;kj,g m% kh l< Kh iy w;a;sldrï - m%d.aok whlr.eksï 1,490,027 1,448,949 foam<" ms h; iy WmlrK úls ï 940 2,268 m%;súl=kqï.súiqï hgf;a ñ,g.;a iq/l=ïm;aj, Y=oaO jeäùu $ ^wvqùu& 243,651,000 77,586, ,351,226 78,178,594 úh meyeoï ( úfoay uqo,a iq/l=ïm;aj, Y=oaO jeäùu $ ^wvqùu& 31,566,311 (101,781,795) wksl=;a úfoaysh uq,h j;alïj, Y=oaO jeäùu $ ^wvqùu& (746,122) 1,407,072 wksl=;a úfoaysh uq,h nerlïj, Y=oaO jeäùu $ ^wvqùu& (26,570,161) (1,510,810) wksl=;a foaysh ;ekam;= iy f.úh hq;= uqo,aj, Y=oaO jeäùu $ ^wvqùu& (375) (722) foam<" ms h; iy WmlrK ñ,g.eksï ^m% khka wvqls fuka miq& 1,128, ,982 rka f;d.fha Y=oaO jeäùu $ ^wvqùu& 1,348,440 55,585,071 wfkl=;a wdh;k fj;,nd ka Khm;a w;a;sldrï 1,604, ,109 8,330,406 (44,626,093) wdfhdack l%shdldrlïj,ska,o Y=oaO uqo,a m%jdyh ,804,687 uq,h l%shdldrlïj,ska,o uqo,a m%jdyhka,eîï ( ixirk uqo,a ksl=;=j (431,825,813) (237,929,416) ixirk uqo,a wdmiq.eksï 508,950, ,640,254 ixirk uqo,a Y=oaO ksl=;=j 77,124,381 21,710,838 úh meyeoï ( rcfha.kqfokq wdy%s; ixirk uqo,a Y=oaO ksl=;=j $ ^wdmiq.eksï& ,339,459 (175,136,711) nexl= iy uq,h wdh;k.kqfokq wdy%s; ixirk uqo,a Y=oaO ksl=;=j $ ^wdmiq.eksï& 39 (12,199,430) 17,284,956 ixirk uqo,a Y=oaO ksl=;=j $ ^wdmiq.eksï& 127,140,029 (157,851,755) ixirk uqo,a Y=oaO jeäùu$^wvqùu& (50,015,648) 179,562,593 úh meyeoï ( úfoaysh uqo,a ld,sk nerlï wdmiq f.ùu 93,842,868 59,020,350 wksl=;a wruqo,a i yd f.ùu rcfha taldnoao wruqo, i yd,dn mej u 11,500,000 26,350, ,343,041 85,370,472 fufyhqï l%shdldrlï ;=,ska,o$ ^i yd Ndú;d l<& Y=oaO uqo,a m%jdyh (155,358,689) 94,192,121 uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhkaf.a Y=oaO jeäùu $ ^wvqùu& 90,115, ,023,876 uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhka u; jk úksuh wkqmd;hkaf.a n,meu (28,721,497) (6,625,246) jr Ih wdrïnfha uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhka 425,676, ,278,133 foieïnr 31 kg uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhka ,070, ,676,763 msgq wxl 07 isg 56 olajd we;s.skqïlrk m%;sm;a;s yd igyka fuu uq,h m%ldykj, fldgila fõ' II fldgi - 6

11 II fldgi 2014 foieïn¾ 31 osfkka wjika ld,mßéfþoh i yd uq,h m%ldykhkaf.a fldgila f,i lshúh hq;= igyk 1' jd¾;d lsífï tallh iy jhjia:dms; moku YS%,xldfõ uqo,a" uq,h iy f.ùï moao;s m md,kh" wëcikh iy kshdukh ls u i yd j.lsjhq;= wêld h f,i 1949 wxl 58 ork uqo,a ks;s mk; ^ixfydaê; m & hgf;a Y%S,xld uy nexl=j ^ nexl=j fyda Y%S',x'u'ne' & wdh;khla f,i ia:dms; lrk, ' YS%,xld uy nexl=j ks;hj Y%S,xld m%cd;%dka;%sl iudcjd ckrch ;=< msysgqjd we;s w;r" fld<u 01" ckdêm;s udjf;a wxl 30 ork ia:dkfha msysgd we;' fuu uq,h m%ldykhka" uqo,a ukav,h fjkqfjka ksl=;a ls u i yd" YS%,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s iy m%odk.kldêld úiska 2015 udr ;= 17 jeks k wkqu; lrk, ' 2'.sKqïlrK m%;sm;a;s 2'1 ms<sfh, lsífï moku my; i yka ksyañ;.kldêlrk m%;sm;a;sj,ska y kajd we;s m idodrk jákdlug w.h lrk,o bvï" f.dvke.s,s" rka iy we;eï uq,h j;alï yer" ft;sydisl mṡ jeh mokïj fuu uq,h m%ldykhka ms<sfh, lrk, ' 2'1'1 jd¾;d lsífï wdld;sh nexl=j úiska uq,h j;alï iy uq,h nerlï o tajdg w, wd hï iy úhoï udr. o úfoaysh uqo,a iy foaysh uqo,a l%shdldrlï f,i fjkafldg b m;a lrkq,efí' uq,h ;;a;ajh ms<sn m%ldyfha j;alï iy nerlï b m;a ls fï mqω,a jyfhka tla tla jr.hka hgf;a øjys,;djfha ms<sfj,g olajd we;' fuu jdr ;dlrk m%fõyh u.ska" wxl 4 ork igyfkys úia;rd;aulj olajd we;s nexl=fõ l%shdldrlï WÑ;j jdr ;d flfrk nj nexl=fõ woyi fõ' 2'1'2 wkql+,;d m%ldykh 2014 foieïnr 31 fkka wjika jk jr Ih i yd Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ uq,h m%ldykhka cd;hka;r uq,h jdr ;dlrk m%ñ;s ^cd'uq'jd'm%'& m%ldr ms<sfh, lr ;sfí' uqo,a ks;s mk; wkqj uq,h m%ldyk ms<sfh, lr we;s w;r ú.kldêm;s úiska ú.kkh lr ks;suh wjyh;d u;.eiü m;%fha m, lr we;' cd'uq'jd'm%' j, iuyr wjyh;d u;.eiü lrkq,enq uq,h m%ldykj," tajdfhys jr.slrkh iy tu ksid w.hka fuu uq,h m%ldyk iu. fjkia úh yelsh' 2'1'3 jd¾;d lsífï uqo,a tallh fjk;a wkaoulg olajd fkdue;s kï" ishωu ixlhd wdikak;u YS%,xld remsh,a oyia j,ska ±lafõ' Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ.skqï yd lghq;= 2'2 jeo.;a.skqï ksyaphka iy weia;fïka;= nexl=fõ uq,h m%ldyk ilia ls u u;" jdr ;d lrk,o wd hï" úhoï" j;alï yd nerlï m%udkhka iy wkq.dó fy<sorõ ls ï fukau wiïndjh nerlïj, fy<sorõ ls ïj,g n,mdkakd jq ksyaphka weia;fïka;= yd Wml,amkhka ilia ls ug l<ukdlrkhg is fõ' fuu Wml,amkhka yd weia;fïka;= yd iïnkao wúksyañ;;djh" j;alï yd nerlïys OdrK w.hkaj,g wkd.; ld,m Éf oj, n,mdk f,i m%udkd;aul.e,msula wjyh lrk m%;sm,hla we;s l< yel' 2'2'1 úlsœug we;s wdfhdack ydkslrkh ie,lsh hq;= f,i iy wlkavj idodrk w.h tys mṡ jehg jvd my<g hkúg" úls u i yd we;s wdfhdack w.h ydks ù we;s nj nexl=j ;SrKh lrhs' fuu wdfhdack iïnkaofhka ie,lsh hq;= nj fyda wlkav nj hk lrekq ksyaph ls fï hï úksyaphla ls u wjyh fõ' 2'2'2 úy%du jegqma iy wksl=;a myapd;a fiajd m%;s,dn ie,iqï ksyañ; m%;s,dn ie,iqïj, mṡ jeh wdhq.kk we.hsï u; ;SrKh lrkq,efí' wdhq.kk we.hsul jügï wkqmd;" wkd.; jka f.ùï jeäùï" urk wkqmd;h iy úy%du jegqmaj, wkd.; jeäùï ms<sn Wml,amkhka is lrkq,efí' fuu ie,iqï j,.=ld,sk iajndjh fya;=fjka tjeks weia;fïka;= ie,lsh hq;= f,i wúksyañ;;djhlg Ndckh fõ' Ndú;d lrk,o Wml,amk igyka wxl 43 ys ±lafõ' 2'2'3 uq,h WmlrKj, idodrk w.h uq,h j;alï yd j.lsuj, idodrk w.hka uq,h ;;aj m%ldykfha jdr ;d.; lrk úg tu w.hka il%sh fj<`om< ;=<ska,nd.; fkdyels wjia:dj, " tu w.hka,nd.eksu i`oyd úúo wdldrfha wd.kkh lrkq,nk. ;uh wdld;sj,ska hq;= YS,amSh l%u Wmfhda.S lrf.k we;' fuu wdld;s ;=<g fhd.kakd fhojqï yels ieu úgu ks lais; fj<`ofmd< o;a; u;,nd. kakd w;r" tjeks o;a; fkdue;s wjia:djkays ks.uk u.ska idodrk w.h,nd.kq,nhs' ks.ukj,g t<öfï øjys,;djh iy r > ld,sk jhq;amkak uq,h WmlrKj, (longer-dated derivatives) fjkiaùu jeks wdld;sj,g fhdod.kakd fhojqï ie,ls,a,g f.k we;' 2'3 m%ldys; lr we;s kuq;a fï jk f;la n, iys; fkdjq m%ñ;ska m%ldys; kuq;a nexl= uq,h jdr ;d m%ldyhg m;a lrk kh jk f;la n, iys; fkdjq m%ñ;ska iy wr : ksremkhka my; m fõ' fuu m%ñ;ska iy wr : ksremkhka wkd.; kl w < jk njg nexl= n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' fuu m%ñ;ska n, iys; jq úg tajd w < lr.eksug nexl=j wfmalaid lrhs' II fldgi - 7

12 2'3'1 cd'uq'jd'm%' 9 uq,h WmlrK 2014 cq,s ui wka;r cd;sl.skqïlrk m%ñ;s ^w'.s'm%'& wdh;kh úiska cd'uq'jd'm%' 9 uq,h WmlrK m%ñ;sfha wjidk ixialrkh ksl=;a lrk,o w;r" tu`.ska uq,h WmlrK jhdmd;skays ishæu wjëka ksremkh jk w;r w'.s'm%' 39( y` kd.eksu yd ñkqï ls u iy cd' uq' jd' m%' 9 ys ishæu miq.sh ixialrkhka wfydais úh' fuu m%ñ;sh u.ska jr.slrkh iy ñkqï ls u" ydkslrkh yd b /l=ï.skqïlrkh iïnkao kj wjyh;d y` kajd fok, ' 2018 ckjd 01 fkka wdrïn jk jdr Isl ld,éf ohka i`oyd cd'uq'jd'm%' 9 n,meje;afjk w;r l,ska w < ls u j,x.= fõ' w;s;hg n,mdk m w < l<hq;= kuq;a ikaikaokd;aul f;dr;re w;hdjyh fkdfõ' cd'uq'jd'm%' 9 ys l,ska l< ixialrkhka ^2009" 2010 iy 2013& l,ska w < ls u j,x.= jkqfha wdrïnl w < ls u 2015 fmnrjd 01 kg fmr is lf<a kï mu ' cd'uq'jd'm%' 9 fhd.eksu nexl=fõ uq,h j;alï jr.slrkh iy ñkqï ls u iïnkaofhka n,mdkq,nk w;r nexl=fõ uq,h j.lsï jr.slrkh yd ñkqï ls u iïnkaofhka n, fkdmdhs' 2'3'2 cd'uq'jd'm%' 14 kshduk ú,ïns;.skqï cd'uq'jd'm%' 14 úiska ish ldr hhka wkqmd; kshdukh hgf;a wdh;khlg cd'uq'jd'm%' m%:u jrg w, lr.eksu u; we;sjk kshduk ú,ïns;.skqïys fyaihka i`oyd fndfyduhla mj;sk.skqïlrk m%;sm;a;ska w < ls ug wjir,nd foa' cd'uq'jd'm% 14 w < lr.kakd wdh;k úiska uq,h ;;a;aj m%ldykfha fjku wdhs;uhlska kshduk ú,ïns;.skqï fmkakqï l< hq;= w;r wd hï m%ldykfha iy úia;srk wd hï m%ldykfha fjkuu whs;uhlska tu.skqï fyaihkaf.a jr ;udk fjkiaùu fmkaúh hq;= h' m%ñ;sh u.ska wdh;kfha wkqmd; kshdukfha iajndjh iy iïnkaê; wj ku ms<sn`o fy<sorõ ls u iy tys uq,h m%ldyk u; tu wkqmd; kshdukfha n,meu ms<sn`o fy<sorõ ls u kshu lr ;sfí' 2016 ckjd 01 k fyda bka miq wdrïn jk jdr Isl ld,m Éf o i`oyd cd'uq'jd'm%' 14 n,meje;afõ' fuu m%ñ;sh fhd.eksu ;=,ska nexl=j flfrys n,meula we;s ls u wfmalaid fkdlrhs' 2'3'3' w'.s'm%' 19 - ksyañ; m%;s,dn ie,iqï( fiajl odhl;ajhka m%ñ;shg lrk,o ixfydaê;hka w'.s'm%' 19 g wkqj wdh;khla úiska ksyañ; m%;s,dn ie,iqï.skqïlrkfha fiajlhka fyda f;jk mdr Yajhla úiska lrkakd jq hl;ajhka ie,ls,a,g Ndckh l< hq;=h' hl uqo,a iu. fiajh nef a kï tu hl;ajhka fiajd ld,h ;=< RKd;aul m%;s,dnhla f,i ±laúh hq;=hs' fuu ixfydaokhka meye,s lrk m " hl uqo,ays tl;=j fiajd ld,fhka iajdëk jkafka kï wdh;kh úiska tu hl uqo,a fiajd imhk,o ld,h ;=< fiajd mṡ jefhka wvq ls ula f,i y` kd.eksug wjir ;sfnk w;r tu hl uqo,a fiajd ld,h mqrd fn ye ula wjyh fkdfõ' fuu ixfydaokhka 2014 cq,s ui 01 jk k fyda miqj wdrïn jk jdr Isl ld,m Éf ohka i yd n,meje;afõ' 2'3'4' cd'uq'j' m%' 15 -.kqfokqlrejka iu. jq fldka;%d;a;= u; wdþhu 2014 uehs ui cd'uq'j'm% 15 ksl=;a lrk,o w;r tu.ska.kqfokqlrejka iu`. jq fldka;%d;a;= j,ska ckkh jk wd hï y kd.eksug mia je reï wdld;shla msysgqjk, ' cd'uq'j'm%' 15 wkqj wd hï y kd.kq,nkafka.kqfokqlrejkag NdKav fyda fiajd iemhsfuka wdh;kh ysñlï,nk m%;syagdj w.h ls fuks' wd hï ñkqïlrkhg yd y kd.eksug cd'uq'j'm%d' 15 ys uq,or u úiska jvd;a jhqy.; m%fõyhla imhkq,nhs' fuu kj wd hï m%ñ;sh ishæu wdh;kj,g w,jk w;r ±kg cd'uq'j'm% hgf;a mj;sk ishæu wd hï y kd.eksfï wjyh;djh wnsnjkh lrhs' 2017 ckjd 01 jk kg fyda Bg miq t<fuk jdr Isl ld,m Éf ohkaj,g.e,fmk m uqωukska fyda fjkia lrk,o w;s;dkqfhda.s.e,mqula wjyh jk w;r uq,ska fhd.eksula i yd o wjir foa' nexl=j úiska fuu m%ñ;ska n,meje;afjk úg fhd.ks' iúia;r ks laikhla iïmqr K lrk ;=re fyda fuu uq,h m%ldykhka m, lrk kh jk úg;a uq,h n,meï idodrk f,i weia;fïka;= l< fkdyel' 3' jeo.;a.skqïlrk m%;sm;a;s idrdxyh 3'1 úfoaysh uqo,a mßj¾;kh nexl=fõ.kqfokq i`oyd Ndú;d jk iy tajd b m;a ls fï uqo,a tallh YS%,xld remsh, fõ' úfoaysh uqo,aj,ska jk.kqfokq" tls.kqfokq is jk kfha mj;sk úksuh wkqmd;sl m%ldr nexl=fõ Ndú;d jk uqo,a jákdlug igyka lrkq,efí' úfoaysh uqo,aj,ska jq uq,h j;alï iy nerlï" fyai m;% kg mj;sk úksuh wkqmd;slhka m%ldr kej; m jr ;kh lrkq,efí' fjkialï ish,a, wd hï m%ldykhg.kq,efí' jákdlï kej; m jr ;kh ls fï " m%odk jhjydr uqo,aj,g jq my; ±lafjk YS%,xld remshf,a úksuh wkqmd;hka Ndú;d lrk, ' 2014 re' 2013 re' iafü%,shdkq fvd,r lefkaähdkq fvd,r hqfrda cmka fhka úfyai.ekqï ysñlï ^ú'.e'ys'& iagr,ska mjqï weu ld tlai;a ckmo fvd,r Ök hqjdka ^wlafjr<& uq,h fkdjk whs;uhka tajd is jqk k ;snq úfoaysh uqo,a m jr ;khg wkqj ft;sydisl w.hg fmd;aj,g igyka lr we;' 3'2 idodrk w.h ñkqï lsíu nexl=j úiska uq,h iq/l=ïm;a" jhq;amkak WmlrK jeks uq,h WmlrKhka iy bvï yd f.dvke.s,s wd jq uq,h II fldgi - 8

13 II fldgi fkdjk WmlrKhka tls fyaim;% khkays idodrk w.hkag ñkqï.; lr we;' óg wu;rj" l%ulaih mṡ jehg ñkqï.; lrk,o uq,h WmlrKhkays idodrk w.hka wxl 44 igyfkys fy<sorõ lr we;' idodrk w.h hkq fjf<`ofmd< yjq,alrejka w;r is jk l%uj;a.kqfokqjl " ñkqï.; lrk,o khg" j;alula úls fuka,efnk uqo, fyda j.lsula yqjudre ls fï f.ùug is jk uqo, h' fuu idodrk w.h ñkqï ls u i`oyd mokï jk mqr j ks.ukh jkqfha j;alula úls u fyda j.lsula yqjudre ls u hk.kqfokqjla( y j;alu fyda j.lsu w < m%odk fjf<`ofmdf<ys is ùu fyda" y tjeks m%odk fjf<`ofmd<la fkdue;s wjia:djl tu j;alu fyda j;alu i`oyd jvd;a u jdis iy.; fjf<`ofmdf<ys is ùuh' fuu m%odk fjf<`ofmd< fyda jvd;a,dn hs fjf<`ofmd< nexl=jg msúish yelalla úh hq;= h' j;alul fyda j.lsul idodrk w.h ñkqï.; lrkq,nkafka fjf<`ofmd< yjq,alrejka Tjqka Wm u wdr :sl jdishla,nd.eksu Wfoid yeisfrkq we;ehs hk Wml,amkh u; j;alula fyda j.lsula ñ,ls fï fhd.kakd Wml,amkhka fhd.eksfuks' uq,h fkdjk j;alul idodrk w.h ñkqï.; ls fï fjf<`ofmd< yjq,alrejkaf.a j;alula tys Wm u yd úysiag f,i Ndú;d ls u u.ska fyda Wm u yd úysiag jdis,efnk f,i Ndú;dfõ fhd.kakd fjk;a fjf<`ofmd< yjq,a lrejl=g úls u u.ska fyda" wdr :sl jdis ckkh ls fï yelshdj i,ld n,kq,nhs' nexl=j úiska idodrk w.hhka ñkqï ls fï ls%hdj,sh Wfoid wjia:djg b;du;a WÑ; iy idodrk w.hka ñkqï.; ls u w < ks laik fhojqï ys Wm u Ndú;h iy wm laidld fhojqï Ndú;h wju ls u hk ldr hhka ioyd m%udkj;a o;a; w.h ls fï l%ufõohka fhd.kq,nhs' uq,h jdr ;djkays idodrk w.h ñkqï.; l< fyda fy<sorõ l< ishω j;alï yd j.lsï idodrk w.hka Oqrdj,sh ;=< my; ±lafjk m jr.slrkhg,la lr we;s w;r th iuia;hla jyfhka idodrk w.hka ksyaph ls u i`oyd jeo.;a jk wju uügfï fhojqï u; mokï fõ' m<uqjk uügu - wkkh j;alu yd j.lsu i`oyd ls%hdld fjf<`ofmd< ;=< ysñ m%ldys; ^fkd ieliq& ñ<.kka fojk uügu - Rcqj fyda jl%dldrfhka ks laikh l< yels" idodrk w.hka ñkqï ls u i`oyd jeo.;a jk wju uügfï fhojqï Ndú;d lrk we.hqï l%ufõohka Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ.skqï yd lghq;= f;jk uügu - kṡ laikh l< fkdyels" idodrk w.hka ñkqï.; ls u i`oyd jeo.;ajk wju uügfï fhojqï Ndú;d lrk we.hqï l%ufõohka' uq,h jdr ;djkays mqkrdjr ;k moku u; y` kd.kakd,o j;alï yd j.lsï iïnkaofhka" fuu OQrdj,sfhys uügï w;r yqjudre ùï is ù we;a±hs nexl=j úiska idodrk w.hka ñkqïlrkh Wfoid iuia;hla jyfhka jeo.;a jk wju uügfï fhojqï u; mokïj fuu jr.slrkh kej; ;lafiare ls u ;=<ska jdr ;d ls fï ld, m Éf oh wjidkfha ;SrKh lrkq,nhs' 3'3 uq,h j;alï iy nerlï nexl=j" uq,h j;alï iy nerlï iy wdy%s; wd hï yd úhoï udr.hka b m;a lrkq,nkafka úfoaysh uqo,a iy foaysh uqo,a l%shdldrlï fjkafldg y kd ±laùfukah' úfoaysh uqo,a l%shdldrlï m%odk jyfhka Woa.; jkafka nexl=fõ úfoaysh ixñ; l<ukdlrk ldr hhkaf.kah' uq,h m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul ls u" uqo,a ksl=;= iy nexl= lghq;=j,g wdy%s; j;alï iy nerlï foaysh uq,h l%shdldrlïj,ska ms<sìuq fõ' fuu l%shdldrlï fjka fjkaj jdr ;d ls u u.ska" nexl=fõ uq,h ;;a;ajh uq,h ldr h idokh iy wj kï wdld;sh jvd fhda.h whq ka b m;a ls u wfmalaid lrkq,efí' úfoaysh iy foaysh uqo,a l%shdldrlï taldnoaoj jdr ;d ls fuka uq,h m%ldykhkays ±kqj;a ls fï w.h r j, jk nj nexl=j úiska i,lkq,efí' ishω uq,h j;alï" uq,slj mṡ jeh u; y kd.kq,nk w;r wdfhdackhg w, w;am;a lr.eksfï úhoï o we;=ωj" b m;a jk m%;siagdfjys idodrk jákdlu mṡ jehg we;=<;a fõ' fuu uq,sl y kd.eksfuka wk;=rej ñkqï mokï" my; úia;r lrkq,efí' idudkhfhka ñ,g.kq,nk iy úl=kkq,nk ishω uq,h j;alï fjf<πï kfha y kd.kq,efí' fuf,i ñ,g.kq,nk iy úl=kk uq,h j;alï jq l,s idudkh fr.=,dis u.ska fyda fjf< fmdf<a mj;akd iïm% h u.ska kshñ; ld, rduqj ;=< Ndr h hq;= ñ,g.kq,enq fyda úl=kkq,enq uq,h j;alï jkafkah' 3'3'1,dNh fyda mdvqj u; idodrk w.hg we;s iq/l=ïm;a fjf<πu i yd.efkk uq,h j;alï",dnh fyda mdvqj u; idodrk w.hg we;s j;alï hgf;a jr. lr we;=<;a lr we;' fuu iq/l=ïm;a wk;=rej m%ldys; fjf< fmd< ñ, m%ldr w.h lrkq,efí' fjf< fmd< w.fhys fjkiaùu" uq,h ;;aj m%ldykfhys iq/l=ïm;a hgf;a jákdlï jeäùula fyda wvqùula f,i y kd.kakd w;r thska Woa.; jk jdish$wjdish wd hï m%ldykfhys y kd.kq we;' iq/l=ïm;a ;j rg;a whs;sj mj;skafka kï w, jdish$wjdish Wm,íê fkdjq ñ, m%;hd.kkfhka jdish$^wjdish& f,i jdr ;d lrkq,efí' iq/l=ïm;a II fldgi - 9

14 úls u u.ska jdishla fyda wjdishla Woa.; jkafka kï" th ñ, fjkiaùfï Wm,íê jdish$^wjdish& f,i jdr ;d lrkq,efí' 3'3'2 wf,úh i yd we;s úfoay úksuh iq/l=ïm;a fjf<πu i yd.efkk úfoay úksuh iq/l=ïm;a miqj fjf< fmd< ñ, wkqj w.h lrkq,efí' fjf< fmd< w.fhys fjkiaùu" uq,h ;;ajh ms<sn m%ldyfha úls ug we;s iq/l=ïm;aj, jákdlu jeãùu fyda wvqùu jyfhka y kajkq,efí' fjf<πu i yd.efkk úfoaysh uqo,a iq/l=ïm;aj, fjf< fmd< w.h fjkiaùfuka Woa.;jk jdish fyda wjdish" tu wdfhdack úl=kd" m%;s.%ykh lr fyda fjk;a whqrlska wmyrkh lrk f;la fyda tu wdfhdackh n, njg ks CIKh lrk f;la fyda ysñlre m%d.aokfha fjku ixrplhka ^uq,h ;;ajh ms<sn m%ldyfha fjk;a ixñ; f,i olajd we;s& f,i y kajkq,nk w;r" tjeks wjia:djla Woa.;ùfï ysñlre m%d.aokh f,i uq,ska jdr ;d l< jdish fyda wjdish wd hug tl;= lrkq,efí' 3'3'3 jhq;amkak uq,h WmlrK uqo,a yqjudre" b úfoay úksuh.súiqï iy fmd,s wkqmd; yqjudre jeks jhq;amkak uq,h WmlrK nexl= úiska Ndú;d lrkq,nk w;r tajd Ndú;d lrkqfha wj kï l<ukdlrkh ls fï wruqkq i yd ñi iufmacid;aul wruqkq i yd fkdfõ' jhq;amkak uq,h WmlrK tys idodrk w.hg jdr ;d lrk w;r tys idodrk w.h Ok w.hla.kakd úg j;alula f,i;a tu w.h RK w.hla.kakd úg j.lsula f,i;a jdr ;d lrhs' jhq;amkak uq,h WmlrKhkaf.a idodrk w.fhys we;sjk p,khka Wm,íê fkdjq m%;hd.kkhkaf.ka jdish$^mdvqj& hgf;a jdr ;d lrkq,efí' 3'3'4 tla Èk fjki.kqfokqjl ñ, ta yd iudk.kqfokq mj;skakd jq kṡ CIKh l< yels jr :udk fjf<`om<l idodrk w.fhka fjkia fõ kï fyda ñ, kṡ CIKh l, yels jr :udk fjf<`omf<ys o;a; mukla úp,hka f,i fhd.;a we.hsï Ys,am l%uhla Ndú;fhka,nd.;a ñf,ka fjkia fõ kï" nexl=j úiska tu.kqfokqfõ ñ, yd idodrk w.h w;r fjki ^ kg fjki& blaukskau Wm,íê fkdjq m%;hd.kk,dn$^mdvq& f,i y` kd.kq,nhs'.kqfokqjl idodrk w.h kṡ CIKh l< fkdyels o;a; u; mekúu ;srkh l< wjia:djl tu.kqfokqfõ ñ, yd w, we.hsï rduqfõ ñ, w;r fjki" w < fhojqï kṡ CIKh l< yels jq úg fyda tu WmlrK uq,h m%ldyk ;=<ska bj;aj.sh úg mukla w hï m%ldyh ;=<.,mkq,nhs' 3'3'5 cd;hka;r uq,h wruqof,a fyaihka (IMF) nexl=j úiska cd;hka;r uq,h wruqo, ^cd'uq'w'& iu. lrkq,nk.kqfokq Y%S,xld rcfha ksfhda ;fhl= f,i fkdj" ;u n,;, m%ldr is lrkq,efí' nexl=j úiska cd'uq'w' iu`. is flfrk ishω.kqfokq tu moku u; fuu uq,h m%ldykhkays we;=<;a lr we;' cd'uq'w' iu`. jq mx.=j j;alula jyfhka nexl=j úiska igyka lr we;s w;r" tu mx.=j i yd cd'uq'w' fj; f.úh hq;= uqo, nexl=fõ nerlula f,i igyka lr we;' cd'uq'w' úiska fjka lrk,o iuqéñ; úfyai.ekqï ysñlï ^ú'.e'ys'& m%udkh nerlula f,i i,lkq,efí' cd'uq'w' úiska fyai m;% kg m%ldyhg m;alrk,o úksuh wkqmd;slhka wkqj cd'uq'w' j;alï iy nerlï m%;hd.kkfhka Woa.; jk úksuh,dn fyda mdvq wd hï m%ldykfhys y kd.kq,efí' cd'uq'w' iu`. jq fyaihkag wod< ishωu.dia;= iy fmd<sh tiekska wd hï m%ldykfhys igyka lrkq,efí' 3'3'6 uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhka úfoaysh nexl= iy uq,h wdh;khkays we;s uqo,a iy fláld,sk ;ekam;= uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhkag wh;a fõ' foaysh uqo,a l%shdldrlïj, wx.hla jyfhka YS%,xld uy nexl=j we;eï wd hï bmehsï o we;eï úhoï ± u o is lrk kuq;a" tu.ska uqo,a p,khla is fkdfõ' tu l%shdldrlïj,ska we;eï j;alï iy nerlï o Woa.; jk w;r thg m%odk jyfhka YS%,xld rch iu. iy foaysh nexl= iy uq,h wdh;k iu..kqfokq w < fõ' YS%,xld rch iu. jk.kqfokqj,g uq,h m%;sm;a;s ldrlhla f,i rch úiska ksl=;a lrkq,nk NdKavd.dr ì,am;aj, hl fkdjq fldgila iy rch úiska ksl=;a lrkq,nk ne ïlr wh;a fõ' tjeks ñ,g.eksï" wmyrkhka fyda ta u; fmd<sh yqfola fmd;a igyka jyfhka mukla Y%S,xld uy nexl= jdr ;dj, igyka lrkq,efí' fïjd uq,h m%ldykhkays igyka 37 iy igyka 38 hgf;a fjka fjkaj fy<sorõ lr we;' uqo,a ks;s mkf;a úêúodk m%ldr" jhjia:dms; wêld h jyfhka Y% S,xld uy nexl=j úiska uyckhd fj; uqo,a ksl=;a lrkq,efí' YS%,xld uy nexl=j úiska ksl=;a lrkq,nk uqo,a" orkakd fjkqfjka nexl=j u; ysñlula mj;s' fuh nexl=jg nerlula jk w;r orkakdg w;e;s uqo,a fõ' ixirk uqo,aj, p,kh" uqo,a m%jdy m%ldykfhka b m;a lrk w;r" uy nexl= w;r mj;akd m ph m%ldr" uq,h l%shdldrlïj, fldgila f,i we;=<;a lrkq,efí' Y%S,xld uy nexl=j úiska uqo,a$f.ùï ksfhda. l%shdj,sh u.ska fkdaügq iy ldis fyda YS%,xld uy nexl=j u; ksl=;a lrk fplam;a u.ska,nd.kakd NdKav iy fiajd i yd iemhqïlrejka iy fiajlhska jk úúo wk,oaoka fj; uqo,a f.jkq,efí' tajd ixirk uqo,a nerlug fyda jd c nexl= iu. jk fyaihkag fyda tl;= lrkq,efí' tjeks lghq;= i yd jq uqo,a Ndú;d ls u YS%,xld uy nexl=fjka msg;g hk uqo,a m%jdyhg wh;a fõ' uqo,a m%jdy m%ldykfhys" uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhkag uqo,a$uqo,a úodkhkaf.a Y=oaO.,dhEï yd by; úia;r lrk,o uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhka o wvx.= fõ' II fldgi - 10

15 II fldgi 3'3'7 m%;sñ,è.ekqï iy m%;súl=kqï.kqfokq m%;sñ,.eksu i yd.súiqï hgf;a úl=kkq,nk iq/l=ïm;a" j;alï f,i wlkavj fyai m;%fhys igyka lrkq,efí' m%;sñ,.eksu i yd jq j.lsï ^m%;sñ,.eksfï.súiqï u; úl=kk,o iq/l=ïm;a& nerlula f,i fy<sorõ lrkq,efí' m%;sñ,.eksï.kqfokqj, úl=kqï iy m%;sñ,.eksfï ñ, iy m%;sjr ;k ñ,.eksfï.kqfokqj, ñ,.eksfï ñ, iy úl=kqï ñ, w;r fjki ms<sfj,ska úhoula iy wd hula jk w;r" th wd hï m%ldykfhys y kd.kq,efí' m%;súl=kqï.súiqï u; r jdf.k we;s iq/l=ïm;a ^kej; úls u i yd jq.súiqï u; ñ,.;a iq/l=ï& j;alï f,i fyai m;%fhys igyka lrkq,efí' m%;sñ,.eksfï iy m%;súl=kqï.kqfokq ksid WmÑ; wd hula fyda WmÑ; úhoula Woa.; jqfha kï" th o m%;sñ,.eksfï iy m%;súl=kqï.kqfokq jákdlu iu. jdr ;d lrkq,efí' 3'3'8 ks;h ;ekam;= myiqlï 2014 fmnrjd 01 jk k isg n,meje;afjk m ks;h ;ekam;= myiqlu ^fmr ks;h ñ,.ekqï myiqlu&' iq/l=ï rys; ;ekam;= myiqlula njg m jr ;kh lrk, ' tneúka iynd.s jk wdh;k ;u w;sfr l wruqo,a ks;h ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd; hgf;a ffokslj fuu myiqlu hgf;a wdfhdackh lrkq,nhs' ks;h Kh myiqlï ^fmr ks;h m%;súlskqï myiqlu&" ks;h m%;súl=kqï myiqlu yd ir j iu fõ' 3'3'9 Y%S,xld uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a fjf< fmdf<a w;ṡ la; øjys,;djh wka;r.%ykh lr.eksu i yd uqo,a m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aulùï hgf;a nexl=j úiska l,ska l,g Y%S,xld uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a lrkq,nhs' ksl=;a lrkq,nk iq/l=ïm;a j.lsula f,i jdr ;d lrhs' uqyqk; w.h iy ksl=;= ñ, w;r fjki wd hï m%ldykfha úhoula f,i jdr ;d lrkq,nhs' 3'3'10 Y%S,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a Á,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a" YS%,xld rcfhka ñ,g.kakd,o NdKavd.dr ì,am;aj,ska iukaú; fõ' tajdhska nexl=j úiska YS%,xld rchg imhk,o Kh ksfhdackh flfrk neúka tu l<u l%ulaih mṡ jehg igyka lrkq,efí' 3'3'11 rchg fok,o ld,sk w;a;sldrï 1949 wxl 58 ork uqo,a ks;s mkf;a ^ixfydaê; m & 89 j.ka;sh hgf;a YS%,xld rch fj; Rcqj fok,o ld,sk w;a;sldrïj,ska" rchg fok,o w;a;sldrï ksfhdackh fõ' 3'3'12 wksl=;a wdh;kj,g fok,o Kh wksl=;a wdh;kj,g fok,o Kh wdrïnfha m% kh l< uqo,ska whlr.; fkdyels m%udkhla i yd jq uqo,a wvqlr" y kdf.k olajd we;' whlr.; hq;= ishω uqo,a nexl=jg whlr.; fkdyels njg ksyañ; idlais ;sfí kï" ta i yd ^Kh wvd,ùu& wvudk Kh m%;smdokhka i,ikq,efí' Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ.skqï yd lghq;= tu m%;smdokfha m%udkh OdrK uqo,a iy weia;fïka;=.; whlr.; yels uqo, w;r fjki fõ' fnd,a Kh y kd.;a wjia:dfõ lmdy kq,efí' 3'3'13 iq/l=ïm;a Khg u iy Khg.ekSu nexl=j úiska tys uq,h m%;sm;a;s ls%hdld ;aj wjyh;d i yd m%odk ixia:dms; wdfhdaclhska fj;ska rdch iq/l=ïm;a Khg.ekSu is lrhs' fuu Khg.;a iq/l=ïm;a" nexl=j úiska m%;sñ,.eksfï ls%hdld ;ajh u; fjf< fmd< ;=< mj;sk w;ṡ la; øjys,;djh wjfydaikh lr.eksug fhd.ks' iq/l=ïm;a Khg.ekSu hkq kej; ndr u w;miq jk úgl " iq/l=ïm;a kej; Ndr u" tlû jq.dia;= f.ùu iy fjf< fmd< jákdlu u; jka f.ùu ^nexl=fõ rdch Kh fomdr ;fïka;=j úiska m%d:ñl fjf< fmd< iynd.sjkakkag ±kqï we;s fjf< fmd< ñ,& i yd jk fldkafoais úrys; wemùuls' Khg.;a iq/l=ïm;a fjf< fmd< jákdlñka lsishï wjia:djl m%;sñ,.eksfï ls%hdldrlï i yd fhd fkd.;a iq/l=ïm;a wiïnjh j.lsï f,i jdr ;d lrkq,efí' w <.dia;= f.ùu WmÑ; moku u; jr ;dlrkq,nhs' Khg fï.kqfokqjla hgf;a m%;smdr Yjhlg iq/l=ïm;a udre ls u uq,h ;;a;aj m%ldykfhys fmkakqï lfrkqfha ysñld ;ajfha wj kï yd m%;s,dnhkao udre jqfha kï mu ' 3'3'14 fiajl Kh iyk hs fmd<s wkqmd; hgf;a Kh myiqlï,nd.eksu i yd Y%S,xld uy nexl= fiajlhkag ysñlu,efí' cd'.s'm%' 39 wkqj" jügï lrk,o uqo,a m%jdy l%uh Ndú;d lrñka fuu Kh myiqlu tajdfha idodrk w.hg.kkh lrkq,efí' jügï wkqmd;h - fuu wkqmd;h weu ldkq tlai;a ckmo fvd,r b,lal lr.;a.=ld,sk WoaOukh mokï fldg Y%S,xld uy nexl= wdr :sl mr fhaik fomdr ;fïka;=j uûska iïmdokh lrk, ' ú.kk lñgqj uûska tlû ù we;s m jd ch fmd<s ksr foays; wkqmd;h (CIRR) i yd ishhg 1 l wj kï wêlhla o tl;= lrñka jügï wkqmd;h f,i Ndú; fldg we;s w;r th Khj, ld,m Éf oh iuû fjkia fõ' fuu Kh iyk hs fmd<s wkqmd;hka hgf;a,nd u ksid nexl=j úiska ork,o úhou jdr ;d ls ug fiajl Khj, jr I wdrïn kg iy jr I wjidk kg jr ;udk w.hkaf.a fjki jdr Islj l%ulaih lrk w;r nexl=j úiska fuu Kh fjf< fmd< wkqmd;slhkag fokq,enqfõ kï nexl=j úiska Wmhkq,nk wd hu jdr ;d ls ug iudk w.hla wfkl=;a wd hï f,i jdr ;d lrhs' idodrk w.hlrk.kkh i yd fhd.kq,nk Wml,amkhka ( 2008 jr Ifha isg,nd ka fiajl Kh i,ld n,k, ' fiajl Kh,nd ka kh f,i ckjd 01 k i,lk, ' II fldgi - 11

16 fuu Kh i yd lsis wdldrhl.e,msula fyda mshùula is ù fkdue;' Kh l<ukdlrk moao;sh jvd;a ir, lsrsfï wnsm%dfhka uy nexl=j úiska m.kl Kh iy î ldkav Kh hgf;a jq ;j;a Kh jr. folla remsh,a,lai 3 l Kh isudjlg iy jir 10 l kej; f.ùfï ld,hlgo hg;aj taldnoao ls ulg yd kej; ie,iqï ls ulg,la fldg we;' tuûska by; m%fnao ;%s;ajh tla Kh.e;shl=g whs;s ;ks Khla f,i taldnoao flfrkq we;' ta wkqj fuu m%fnaoh hgf;a kj Kh uqo,la m%odkh lrk keu wjia:djl tls uqo, iy ysû Kh uqo,a m%udkh hk whs;suhka folu kej; ie,iqï ls ulg,la lrkq we;' 3'3'15 uq,h j;alï ydkslrkh lsishï uq,h j;alula ydkslrkh ù we;aoehs nexl=j úiska uq,h ;;aj m%ldyk khkays ;lafiare lrkq,efí' 3'3'16 l%ulaih msßjehg OdrKh l< j;alï ydkslrkh l%ulaih mṡ jehg OdrKh l< Khla fyda,eìh hq;= uqo,la ydkslrkh ù we;s njg idodrk idlais we;akï" tu w,dnh.kkh lrkq,nkafka j;alfï OdrK w.h iy weia;fïka;= l< wkd.; uqo,a m%jdyhkaf.a ^fuf;la ord fkdue;s wkd.; Kh w,dn yer& j;alfï uq,a im, fmd<s wkqmd;h;a jügï l< w.h;a w;r fjkih' j;alul OdrK w.h Rcqj fyda ukd.skqula u.ska fyda wvqlrkq,efí' mdvq jq m%udkh wd hï m%ldyfhys y kd.kq,efí' nexl=j m%:ufhka ;ksj jeo.;a yd ;ksj yd iduqyslj fkdjeo.;a uq,h j;alï ydkslrkh ù we;s njg idodrk idlais ;sfí hs úur IKh lrkq,nhs' tfia jeo.;a fyda fkdjeo.;a ;ksj úur IKh l< uq,h j;alula ydkslrkh ù we;s njg idodrk idlais fkdue;s hehs ;SrKh l<fyd;a tu uq,h j;alu iudk Kh wj kula we;s uq,h j;alïj,g we;=<;a lr tu j;alï ydkslrkh i yd iduqyslj úur YKh lrkq,efí' ;ksj ydkslrk mdvq i yd ;lafiare jákdlug w <j ydkslrk mdvq mj;s kï fyda ta nj wlkavj y kdf.k ;sfí kï tajd iduqysl ;lafiarejlg we;=<;a lrkq fkd,efí' miqld,fha ydkslrk w,dnfha w.h wvqjkafka kï iy ydkslrkh y kd.eksfuka miq is jq is ùulg úihdkqnoaoj w, lr.;yels kï l,ska y kd.;a ydkslrk w,dnh wdmiq.,mhs' miqld,hl wdmiq.,mk,o keu ydkslrk w,dnhla wdmiq.,mk,o kg j;alfï OdrK w.h tys l%ucih mṡ jeh fkdblaujk m%udkhla olajd wd hï m%ldyfha y kd.kq,efí' 3'3'17 úlsœug we;s wdfhdack ydkslrkh úls ug we;s j;alula ydkslrkh ù we;akï tys mṡ jeh ^uq,sl f.ùu iy l%ulaih w;r Y=oaO w.h& yd tys jr ;udk idodrk w.h" óg fmr,dnh fyda w,dnh hgf;a y kd.;a ydkslrk w,dnhla fõ kï th wvqlr ysñlre m%d.aokfhka wd hï m%ldykhg udrelrkq,efí' úlsksug we;s,shú,s f,i jr.lr we;s ysñlï m%d.aok,shú,s kej;.e,msï,dnh i yd y kd.kafka ke;' Kh,shú,sj, ydkslrk w,dn",shú,af,ys idodrk w.fhys jeäùu" ydkslrk mdvqj y kd.eksug miqj jq isoaêhlg w, jk njg ksyañ; idlais ;sfí kï mukla" th,dn fyda mdvq yryd kej;.e,msh yelsh' 3'3'18 úfoaysh uqo,a ld,sk nerlï úfoaysh uqo,a ld,sk nerlï" nerlïj, l%ulaih mṡ jehg miqj jdr ;d lrkq,efí' fuu nerlïj, w.h fjkiaùu ld,sk nerlïj, jeäùula fyda wvqùula f,i fyai m;%fhys olajkq,efí' úfoaysh uqo,a ld,sk nerlïj, fjkiaùï j,ska Woa.;jk jdis iy wjdis jydu wd hï m%ldykfhys úhoula f,i y kd.kq,efí' nerlfï whs;sh ;j rg;a mj;s kï jdish fyda wjdish Wm,íê fkdjq ñ, m%;hd.kkfhka jdish$^wjdish& f,i jdr ;d lrkq,efí' jdish fyda wjdish Wm,íê jq ^nerlu wdmiq f.ùï u.ska& wjia:djkays th ñ, fjkiaùïj,ska Wm,íê jq jdish$^wjdish& f,i jdr ;d lrkq,efí' 3'3'19 uq,h wemlr uq,h jdr ;dj, uq,h wemlr uq,sl jyfhka idodrk w.h u; wfkl=;a f.úh hq;= ± hgf;a y kd.kq,efí' wdrïnl y kd.eksfuka wk;=rej tla tla wemlrh hgf;a nexl=fõ j.lsu.kkh ls u" wemlrh fya;=fjka Woa.;jk uq,h ne ï fíreï ls u i yd jk fyd u weia;fïka;=j m%ldr is lrkq,efí' 3'3'20 fjk;a uq,h j;alï iy nerlï uqo,a" ;ekam;= iy fláld,sk w;a;sldrï jyfhka jq foaysh iy úfoaysh uqo,a fjf< kfha y kd.kq,efí' 3'4 wksl=;a j;alï iy nerlï 3'4'1 rka cd;hka;r ixñ;fha ixhq;sh uqo,a ks;s mkf;a 67^1& j.ka;sh m%ldrj" YS%,xld uy nexl=j úiska rka" fuu ixñ;fha fldgila f,i ± h yel' tu ksid YS%,xld uy nexl=j úiska cd;hka;r ixñ;fha fldgila f,i ord isá rkaj, w.h 2014 foieïnr 31 kg remsh,a ì,shk 116'99 ls ^fn fjkal< yels rka remsh,a ì,shk 100'19 la iy fn fjka l< fkdyels rka remsh,a ì,shk 16'80 la jyfhka&' fuu rka f;d.h cd;hka;r ixñ;fha fldgila jk neúka iy idudkh jhdmdr lghq;=j, fjf< NdKavhla f,i yqjudre fkdjk neúka rka idodrk w.hg w.h fldg,dnh fyda w,dnh wdodhï m%ldyhg udre lrkq,efí' rkaj,ska Wm,íê fkdjq,dnh fyda w,dnh,dnd,dn úir ckhg fmr w < ixñ;.skqug udre lrkq,efí' 3'4'2 f;d. f;d." mṡ jeh fyda Wm,íê jákdlï jk foflka wvq m%udkh u; olajd we;' nr ;nk,o idudkh mṡ jeh mokïj mṡ jeh ksyaph lrkq,efí' fiñka jehjk f;d. i yd fjka ls ula i,id we;' II fldgi - 12

17 II fldgi 3'4'3 foam<" msßh; iy WmlrK foam<" mṡ h; iy WmlrK t fk fiajd úhoï yer" iuqéñ; laihùï iy iuqéñ; ydkslrk jákdlu wvql< mṡ jehg olajkq,efí' tls foam<" mṡ h; iy WmlrKj, fldgia wdfoay ls fï mṡ jeh th ork wjia:dfõ y kd.eksu i yd jq ksr kdhlhka imqrk,oafoa kï" tls úhoï o tjeks ms jehg we;=<;a jkq we;' f.dvke.s,s i yd jq laih iy m%;hd.kk khg miqj wvql< ydkslrk mdvq wvqlr" bvï iy f.dvke.s,s.kkh lr we;' iskaklalr bvï yer" j;alïj, my; i yka weia;fïka;= l< jld,h ;=< ir< udr. l%uh wkqj laih.kkh lrkq,efí' j;alï jr.h jld,h iskaklalr bvïj, msysá f.dvke.s,s jr I 50 la ;=< l,an bvïj, msysá f.dvke.s,s l,an ld, m Éf oh ;=< mṡ h; iy mṡ h; fldgia jr I 20 la ;=<,S nvq iy WmlrK jr I 10 la ;=< fudagr r: jr I 5 la ;=< 2014 jr Ifha isg ñ,.;a fudagr r: jr I 10 la ;=< m.kl odvdx. jr I 4 la ;=< fjk;a jr I 3 la ;=< OdrK w.hla whlrjd.; fkdyels njg isoaëka fyda wjia:dkql+, fjkialï fyda u.ska fmkakqï lrk úgl hka;% yd WmlrKj, idodrk w.h ydkslrkh i yd iudf,dapkh l< hq;=h' m<uqj mṡ jeh u; y kd.eksfuka wk;=rej bvï yd f.dvke.s,s m%;hd.kkh l< jákdlu mj;ajd f.k hkq,nk w;r" th jq l,s miqld,sk iuqéñ; laih iy iuqéñ; ydkslrk w,dn wvql< idodrk w.h fõ' nexl=fõ bvï yd f.dvke.s,s m%;hd.kkh i yd jq m%;sm;a;sh jkafka wju jyfhka jir 5lg jrla fyda ie,lsh hq;= ;lafiare.e,msula Bg wvq ld,isudjla m%;hlai jq úgh' m%;hd.kk w;ṡ la; m%;hd.kk ixñ;hg nerlr" fyai m;%fha ysñlre m%d.aokh hgf;a olajkq,efí' flfia jqjo ñg fmr tu j;alfuys y kd.;a m%;hd.kk wvqùula m%;sjr ;kh lrkq,nk m%udkhg tu m%;hd.kk jeäùu" wdodhula f,i y kdf.k wd hï m%ldykfhys olajkq,efí' m%;hd.kk wvqùï o wd hï m%ldykfhys y kd.kq,efí' flfia jqjo" m%;hd.kk wvqùula tu j;alu iïnkaofhkau jq fmr m%;hd.kk w;ṡ la;hla ksiam%nd lrkafka kï" tu m%;hd.kk wvqùï m%;hd.kk ixñ;fha we;s w;ṡ la;h iu..,mkq,efí' j;alula wmyrkfha " lsishï j;alulg iïnkao m%;hd.kk Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ.skqï yd lghq;= w;ṡ la;hla fjf;d;a th r jd.;a bmehsïj,g udre lrkq,efí' lsishï j;alula bj;a ls fuka Ndú;d ls fuka fyda bj;als fï wkd.; m%;s,dn,eîfï wfmacidjla fkdue;skï th foam<" mṡ h; iy WmlrK f,i y kd.kq fkd,efí' tjeks wjia:djl Woa.; jk,dn yd w,dn ^bj;a ls fuka,nk Y=oaO uqo, iy OdrK w.h w;r fjki& tu jr Ifha u wd hï m%ldykfhys y kd.kq,efí' j;alfuys wjfyai jákdlu" jld,h iy l%uhka iudf,dapkhg Ndckh lrkq,nk w;r wjyh fõ kï ksr;=rej.e,msï lrkq,efí' 3'4'4 wiamdyh j;alï m.kl odvdx.j, ixrplhka fkdjk m.kl ud ldx. wiamdih j;alï f,i olajd mṡ jehg y kd.kq,efí' uq,sl y kd.eksfuka wk;=rej fuu wiamdih j;alï" jr I 4 l jld,hla mokï l< iuqéñ; l%ulaih wvql< OdrK w.hlg mj;ajd f.k hkq,efí' 3'4'5,eìh hq;=.skqï,eìh hq;=.skqï" ksyañ; idlais u; wvudk Kh i yd fjkals ï ms<sn miqj wfmacis; Wm,íê jákdlu u; olajkq,efí' 3'4'6 úúo j;alï wfkl=;a úúo j;alï wfmalais; Wm,íê jákdlug mj;ajdf.k hkq,efí' 3'4'7 uq,h fkdjk j;alï ydkslrkh lsishï uq,h fkdjk j;alula ydkslrkhg Ndckh ùfï i,l=kq olajkafka kï fyda mj;akd isoaëka fyda fjk;a ;;a;ajhla fya;=fjka OdrK w.h ydks úhyels nj fmkakqï lrkafka kï nexl=j úiska tajd tla tla jdr ;d ls fï kfha iudf,dapkh lrkq,efí' tjeks i,l=kla mj;s kï" nexl=j úiska j;alfuka whlr.; yels uqo,a m%udkh weia;fïka;= lrkq,efí' j;alul OdrK w.h whlr.; yels uqo,a m%udkh blaujkafka kï j;alu ydkslrkh jq f,i i,ld" whlr.; yels jákdlug.skqï ;nkq,efí' 3'4'8 m%;smdok w;s; is ùul m%;sm,hla jyfhka nexl=jg jr ;udk j.lsula ^ffk;sl fyda iïuq;shlska& we;súfgl j.lsu fíreï ls u i yd wdr :ßl jdis we;=ω iïm;a.,dhdula wjyhùu;a" tu j.lsu ms<sn úyajiksh weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, ls ug yelsùu u; m%;smdok y kd.kq,efí' m%;smdokhla m%;smqr Kh ls ug nexl=j wfmalaid lrkafka kï" tu m%;smqr Kh ksielju ;yjqre jkakd jq wjia:dj, " th fjk u j;alula f,i y kajkq,efí' 3'4'9 ixirkfha mj;sk uqo,a Y%S,xld uy nexl=j úiska ksl=;a lrkq,nk uqo,a tajd orkakkag nexl=j u; ysñlula mj;s' ixirkfha mj;sk uqo,a i yd nerlu" tajdfha uqyqk; jákdlu u; uq,h ;;afjh ms<sn m%ldyfha igyka lrkq,efí' II fldgi - 13

18 3'4'10 úy%du jegqma iy wksl=;a myapd;a fiajl m%;s,dn fhdackdl%u nexl=j úiska fufyhjkq,nk úy%du jegqma iy wksl=;a myapd;a fiajl m%;s,dn fhdackd l%u 43 jeks igyfkys fy<sorõ lr we;' 3'4'11 ksyañ; m%;s,dn fhdackd l%u nexl=j úiska úy%du jegqma" jekaouq iy wk;aore úy%du jegqma" jekaouq mqrei yd wk;aore úy%du jegqma" úy%du md f;dais; iy úy%du fiajl ffjoh m%;s,dn hk ksyañ; m%;s,dn fhdackdl%u mj;ajd f.k hkq,nhs' bka fjka fjkaj m md,kh lrkq,nk m<uq fhdackd l%u 3 g nexl=j iy iq iqlï,;a m%;s,dnska úiska hl uqo,a f.jkq,efí' ksyañ; m%;s,dn fhdackdl%u hgf;a m%;s,dn f.ùfï mṡ jeh" mqfrdal:kh l< talsh ner wdhq.kk l%uhla u; tla tla fhdackd l%uhg fjka fjka jyfhka ;SrKh lrkq,efí' wdhq.kk w.h ls ï jr I ;=klg jrla ne.ska is lrkq,efí' 3'4'12 ksyañ; odhl fhdackd l%u w, jhjia:d iy fr.=,dis m%ldr fiajlhskag fiajl wr :idol wruqof,a hl;ajh iy fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a Ndr wruqof,a hl;ajhg ysñlula,efí' nexl=j úiska fiajlhskaf.a o< md Y%ñlfhka ishhg 24 la iy ishhg 3 la ms<sfj,ska fiajl wr :idol wruqo,g iy fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a Ndr wruqo,g hl jyfhka f.jkq,efí' fuu wruqof,a ksyañ; odhl ie,iqï fjka fjkaj m md,kh lrkq,efí' 3'4'13 m%odkhka idodrk jákdlug y kdf.k we;s m% khka" tajd,nd.eksu i yd muqkqjd we;s fldkafoaisj,g wkql+,ùug we;s bvlv ms<sn idodrk ;yjqrejla we;súg tajd ysñlre m%d.aokh hgf;a olajkq,efí' m% khka úhoï úihlg w, jk wjia:djl úhoug i,k ld, m Éf ohla ;=< l%udkql+, mokula u; th wd hï m%ldykfhys igyka lrkq,efí' m% khla j;alug w, jk wjia:djl tys idodrk w.h rcfha ú,ïns; m% k.skqulg nerlr" tu j;alfï laih m%;sm;a;shg wkql+, jq l%udkql+, mokula u; tys wfmalais; m%fhdackj;a wdhqld,h ;=< wd hï m%ldykhg uq y kq,efí' 3'4'14 fiajl ukav, úhoï fiajl ukav, úhoïj,g" uqω ldr h ukav, m%;s,dnj, mqr K mṡ jeh we;=<;a h' jr Ih wjidkfha f.úh hq;= jegqma iy iïnkaê; úhoï wksl=;a foayshj f.úh hq;= fyaihka hgf;a olajkq,efí' 3'4'15 l%shd;aul l,anÿ nexl=j l,an.ekqïlre jk wjia:djkays " l,an.;a j;alïj,ska wfmalais; m%;s,dn mokï lrf.k" l%shd;aul l,an i yd f.úh hq;= l=,sh th n, mj;akd ld, m Éf oh ;=< wd hï m%ldykfhys igyka lrkq,efí' 3'4'16 nÿlrkh 1949 wxl 58 ork uqo,a ks;s mkf;a 118 jeks j.ka;sh m%ldr nexl=fõ wd hu" wd hï noafoka ksoyia fõ' ;jo 2013 wxl 06 ork wdr :ßl fiajd.dia;= ^ixfydaê;& mk; hgf;a iy 2013 wxl 17 ork tl;=l< w.h u; n ^ixfydaê;& mk; hgf;a wdr :ßl fiajd.dia;= iy uq,h fiajd iemhsu u; jk tl;=l< w.h u; noafoka nexl=j ksoyia fõ' 3'4'17 wdodhu iy úhou nexl=j fj; wdr :ßl m%;sm,.,dtafï yelshdj iy wd hu ksielj u ñkqï l< yels m%udkh wkqj wd hï.skqï.; lrkq,efí' ork,o mṡ jeh iy Wmhk,o ksyañ; wd hu w;r Rcq iïnkao;djh mokï lrf.k wd hï m%ldykfhys úhoï igyka lrkq,efí' jhdmdrh mj;ajdf.k hdu iy foam," mṡ h;" WmlrK ldr hciuj mj;ajd.eksu i yd ork,o ishωu úhoï" jr Ih i yd m%;sm,.kkh ls u ms i wd hug tfrysj igyka lr we;' wd hï úhoï ye kaùug fmr my; ±lafjk.skqï.; lṡ fï Wmudkhka o imqrd,sh hq;=h' 3'4'17'1 fmd<ssh fmd<sh,eîu ms<sn ielhla fkdue;s kï" ñ,g.eksfï i;h ñ, mokïj im, M, hs;aj l%uhg WmÑ; moku u; fmd<s wd hu iy úhou" wd hï m%ldykfhys igyka lrkq,efí' ia:djr wd hï wdfhdack iy iq/l=ïm;a u; Wmhk l+mka iy NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy wksl=;a jügï WmlrK u; WmÑ; jügï iy wêñ, fmd<s wd hug we;=<;a h' Kh whlr.eksu iel iys; wjia:dj, fmd<s wd hu w;aysgqjk w;r" tajd,efnk;=re fmd<s wd hfuka neyer lrkq,efí' 3'4'17'2,dNdxY,dNdxY wd hu fldgiaysñhd fj;,eîfï whs;sh ;yjqre jq úg y kd.kq,efí' 3'4'17'3 úúo úúo wd hï iy úhoï WmÑ; moku u; y kd.kq,efí' foam," mṡ h; iy WmlrK wmyrkfha Woa.;jk wd hï iajndjfha Y=oaO,dN fyda mdvq" j;alï OdrK w.h iy úl=kqï úhoï wmyrkfhka,o úhoï wvqfldg wd hï m%ldykfhys.skqï.; lr we;' m%odk,dn W;amdok l%shdlrlïj,g wkqidx.sl l%shdldrlïj,ska Woa.;jk iy iudk.kqfokq iuqyhlska Woa.;jk t;rï jeo.;a fkdjk,dn iy mdvq tl;=fldg Y=oaO moku u; jdr ;dlr b m;a lrkq,efí' 3'4'18 wiïndjh j.lsï iy ne ï Kh.e;slï iy;slùï" b úfoay úksuh.kqfokq iy wksl=;a ne ï ish,a, fyai m;%fha y kd fkd.kakd w;r w, YSr I hgf;a wiïndjh j.lsï yd m%d.aok ne ï whs;u f,i y kdf.k we;' wjyhjk wjia:djkays fuu m%udk jvd;a WÑ; weia;fïka;= wkqj ñkqï lr we;' II fldgi - 14

19 II fldgi 4' l%shdldrlïj, iajndjh iy úih m:h 1949 wxl 58 ork uqo,a ks;s mk; ^ixfydaê; m & hgf;a YS%,xld uy nexl=fõ uq,h ukav,h úiska m%;sm;a;s mshjr ksyaph ls ug wu;rj uy nexl=fõ n,;," hq;=lï iy lr ;jhhka mejefrk w;r" nexl=fõ l<ukdld ;ajh" fufyhqï iy m md,kh i yd fmd fõ j.lsjhq;= jkafkah' nexl=j úiska uq,slj YS%,xldfõ uqo,a" uq,h iy f.ùï moao;s m md,kh" wëlaikh iy kshdukh i yd fmd fõ j.lsjhq;= w;r rcfha uq,h ksfhda ; f,i o lghq;= lrkq,efí' nexl=fõ l%shdldrlïj,g m%odk jyfhka my; i yka ± we;=<;a h' l uqo,a iy úksuh wkqmd; m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul ls u' l uqo,a ksl=;a ls u' l uq,h moao;sfhys ksoyia ;r.ld ;ajh iy ia:dhs;djh ie,isu' l iq iqlï,;a uq,h wdh;kj,g n,m;%,nd u iy wëlaikh' l wka;r nexl= fíreï ls fï moao;sh ixúodkh yd l<ukdlrkh iy f.ùï moao;sfhys ksis l%shdld ;ajh m%jr Okh ls u' l úúo myiqlï hgf;a rchg" nexl=j,g iy uq,h wdh;kj,g Kh iy w;a;sldrï iemhsu' l rch iy rch fjkqfjka l% shdlrk ksfhda ; wdh;k iu. ksyañ; úêúodk hgf;a iqrlais;d.drhla f,i l%shdls u' Y%S,xldfõ M, hs iïm;a ixjr Okh".ekaùu iy m%jr Okh ls fï woyiska hq;=j tys mrudr :h jk wdr :ßl" ñ, iy uq,h moao;sfha ia:dhs;dj imqrd.eksu i yd mj;ajd f.khk l%shdldrlï" úfoaysh uqo,a l%shdldrlï iy foaysh uqo,a l%shdldrlï f,i mqω,aj fjkalr ±laúh yelsh' fuu l%shdldrlïj, m%;sm, wd hï m%ldykhg w <j fufyhqï l%shdldrlï fõ' 4'1 úfoaysh uqo,a l%shdldrlï Y%S,xld uy nexl=j úiska tys úfoaysh ixñ; l<ukdlrkh hgf;a mj;ajdf.k hkq,nk úfoaysh uqo,a j;alïj,ska úfoaysh uqo,a l%shdldrlï m%odk jyfhka cks; fõ' úfoaysh ixñ; l<ukdlrk l<u" úfoaysh uqo,a ue y;aùfï ldr hhka i yd jq úfoaysh uqo,a j;alï iy fjf< lghq;= i yd jq wksl=;a úfoaysh uqo,a j;alïj,ska iukaú; fõ' úfoaysh uqo,a j;alï úúo uqo,a jr.j,ska mj;ajd.kq,efí' thska jeä m%udkhla wefu ld tlai;a ckmo fvd,r " TiafÜ%,shdkq fvd,r " hqfrda" ì%;dkh mjqï" cmka fhka iy kjis,ka; fvd,r j,ska y kajd we;' fuu úfoaysh uqo,a l<u ;=< jq uq,h,shú,s m%odk jyfhka ffij iq/l=ïm;a m%;sjr ;s; ñ,.eksfï Y%S,xld uy nexl=fõ.skqï yd lghq;=.kqfokq hgf;a orkq,nk iq/l=ï fyda wksl=;a uy nexl=" jd c nexl= yd wksl=;a Ndrldr wdh;k fj; jq fyaihkaf.ka iukaú; fõ' úfoaysh fjf< fmdf<a fufyhqïj,ska Woa.; jkakd jq úfoaysh uqo,a j;alï iy nerlï o" l,ska l,g Y%S,xld uy nexl=j úiska orkq,efí' 4'2 foaysh uqo,a l%shdldrlï foaysh uqo,a l%shdldrlï my; i yka m Woa.; fõ' (i) (ii) øjys,;d l<ukdlrk fufyhqï( nexl= moao;shg wruqo,a w;a;sldrï fuka fyda nexl= moao;sfhka wruqo,a wdmiq.eksfuka rchg fyda uq,h fjf< fmd<g ffokslj is jk Y=oaO.,dhdï ys,õ lrkq,efí' fuu lghq;= fndfyduhla ffoksl fjf< fmd< fufyhqï u.ska is lrkq,efí' újd; fjf<`ofmd< lghq;= i`oyd wdodrlhla jyfhka Y%S,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a j,ska iukaú; wdfhdack l<ula nexl=j mj;ajd.ks' nexl=fõ m%;sm;a;sh jkafka fuu wdfhdack fj<` u i yd fkdj uqo,a fufyhqï lghq;= i yd mukla mj;ajd.eksuh' 4'3 Ndr iy Ndrldr;aj l%shdldrlï Ndrldr iy m md,k úêúodk hgf;a Y%S,xld uy nexl=j úiska m md,kh lrkq,nk uqo,a" nexl=fõ uq,h m%ldykhka f.ka wka;r.; fldgila fkdjk neúka tajd fuu uq,h m%ldykfhys we;=<;a lr fkdue;' 5' úfoaysh iq/l=ïm;aj, wfhdackhka ,dN$w,dN u; idodrk jákdlug we;s iq/l=ïm;a 61,495,307 94,137,368 úls u i yd we;s wdfhdack 408,189, ,531,750 tl;=j 469,684, ,669,118 6' jhq;amkak uq,h WmlrK w& my; olajd we;s j.=j u.ska jhq;amkak uq,h WmlrKhkays idodrk w.hka tys ld,amksl w.hka iu. j;alï fyda nerlï jyfhka jdr ;d lr we;' o< w.hka jyfhka jdr ;d lr we;s ld,amksl w.hka f,i y` kd.kqfha jhq;amkakhg mdol jq j;alfï ksr foay wkqmd;fha fyda or Ylfha w.h jk w;r jhq;amkak WmlrKhkaf.a w.hkays is jk fjkiaùï ñkqï ls fï moku o fõ' ld,m Éf ofha wjidk kg ys`.j mj;sk.kqfokqj, m udj ld,amksl w.hkaf.ka ksremkh jk w;r tu.ska fj<`om, wjodku fyda Kh wjodku fkdye`. fõ' II fldgi - 15