How should we treat atrial fibrillation in heart failure
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1 Advances in Cardiac Arrhhythmias and Great Innovations in Cardiology Torino, 23/24 Ottobre 2015 How should we treat atrial fibrillation in heart failure Matteo Anselmino Dipartimento Scienze Mediche Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital University of Turin, Italy
2 Disclosure: none related to this topic
3 Prevalence of AF in clinical studies on CHF CHF increases the risk of AF by a 4.5 factor in men and 5.9 in women Savelieva I, Camm J: Europace 2004
4 AF in patients with HF increases the risk of death In the VEST study, AF caused an increase of 2.3 times the risk of death in patients with heart failure. (Konety, AHA 1998) In the AMIOVIRT study, AF resulted an independent risk factor for mortality (RR 4) in pts with CHF. (Strickberger, J Am Coll Cardiol 2004) In the SOLVD study, AF was an independent risk factor for mortality (RR 1.34) and progression of CHF (RR 1.42). (Vermes, Circulation 2003)
5 Pharmacological approaches to treat atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure Amiodarone Dronedarone (limited cases)
6 ANDROMEDA: ANtiarrhythmic trial with DROnedarone in Moderate to severe CHF Evaluating morbidity DecreAse The trial was prematurely terminated for an excess mortality in the dronedarone group compared with placebo group (25 pts, 8.1%, vs 12 pt, 3.8% ). The mortality was predominantly related to worsening of heart failure Karkowsky AM. FDA Cardiovascular and Renal Advisory Committee. 2009
7 A 70 years old patient A typical clincal scenario Hypertension Mild rheumatic mitral stenosis and regurgitation, normal left ventricle EF Paroxysmal AF since 2005 Despite pharmacological prophylaxis with IC drugs he required three electrical cardioversions Following the last cardioversion amiodarone was started however, four months later, he presented at the E.R. due to shortness of breath and fatigue
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10 Echo: dilated left ventricle, EF 35%, severe MR, LA 189 ml/mq (395) Normal coronary angio At cardiac MR: EF 39%, subepicardial and intramiocardial late enhancement at the inferolateral portion of the left ventricle
11 Interventional approaches to treat atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure AV node ablation + RV pacing (1990) AV node ablation + CRT (2000) Atrial fibrillation ablation (2004)
12 AV node ablation + RV pacing Chatterjee N Circ AE 2011
13 AV node ablation + RV vs CRT pacing Brignole Eur Heart J 2011
14 Brignole Eur Heart J 2011
15 CRT + AV ablation vs. Drugs MILOS study Gasparini et al. Eur Heart J 2008
16 CRT + AV ablation vs Drugs CERTIFY study Gasparini JACC Heart Fail 2013
17 Atrial fibrillation and heart failure Triggered activity Heterogeneous conduction Atrial fibrosis Atrial stretch Pressure and volume overload Atrial fibrillation Heart failure Fast ventricular rate Irregular cycles Loss of atrial contraction Mitral and tricuspid regurgitation
18 AATAC-AF in Heart Failure Ablation vs. Amiodarone for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure and an Implanted ICD/CRTD 203 patients Persistent AF ICD/CRTD NYHA II-III LV EF 40% 10% of Amiodarone discontinuation due to side effect Di Biase L, et al. Presented at: American College of Cardiology, San Diego 2015
19 Transcatheter atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with heart failure
20 AF ablation in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction Author, Year (Ref) N. pts F-U Success Redo Success months single (%) (%) final (%) LVEF (%) Chen Hsu Tondo Gentlesk Nademanee Lutomsky De Potter Cha Anselmino Calvo Nedios Bunch Khan MacDonald Jones Hunter
21 25 trials and observational studies, including 1,838 patients from 9 countries and 3 continents
22 Baseline characteristics Mean value Lower confidence interval Upper confidence interval Age, years Paroxysmal AF, % Persistent AF, % Long-standing persistent, % Time since first atrial fibrillation diagnosis, months Time since first heart failure diagnosis, months Basal pro-bnp (pg/ml) 11, ,400 Cardiomiopathy - Ischemic, % - Hypertensive, % - Valvular heart disease, % - Idiopathic, % LV ejection fraction, % Anselmino, Gaita; Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014
23 Mean follow-up: 23 (18-40) months 4.2 ( )% Redo procedures: 32 (25-38)% 40 (33-50)% 60 (54-67)%
24 AF ablation in heart failure Predictors of AF recurrence p=0.030 p=0.003 Anselmino, Gaita; Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014
25 AF ablation in heart failure Impact on left ventricular function Anselmino, Gaita; Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014
26 AF ablation in heart failure Impact of follow-up heart rhythm on LVEF Nedios, Heart Rhythm 2014
27 Transcatheter ablation in our patient (10/2014) Pulmonary vein isolation + roof and left isthmus lines + CFAEs (anterior wall and interatrial septum)
28 Echo: mildly dilated left ventricle, EF 50%, mild MR, LA 78 ml/mq (163)
29 AF ablation vs CRT + AV node ablation? Heart 2011 J Am Coll Cardiol 2013 Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014 Catheter Ablation Versus Rate Control
30 AF ablation vs CRT + AV node ablation PABA-CHF 41 pts PVI ablation 81 pts 40 pts AV node ablation and Biv pacing Khan M et al; NEJM 2008
31 PVs ISOLATION EF improved in 76% of patients Improvement in EF by 8±8% AV-node ablation+biv Decrease in EF by 1±4% EF improved in only 25% of pts Khan M et al; NEJM 2008
32 Pulmonary-vein isolation improved functional capacity (6-minute walk test) and QOL 6-min walk test QOL Khan M et al; NEJM 2008
33 The AFARC-LVF trial design Atrial Fibrillation Ablation compared to Rate Control strategy in patients with recently diagnosed impaired LV Function Group A: AF catheter ablation Group B: Rate control (medical therapy + ICD or CRT- D ± AV node ablation) Primary endpoint: composite of the improvement of LVEF higher than 35% and NYHA class lower than II. Clinicaltrial.gov NCT
34 Paroxysmal AF Persistent AF below 6 months Left atrium volume < 150 ml Propose AF ablation at the earliest stage possible!
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36 In conclusion Drug therapy is to date the first and most used approach but achieves poor results and side effects AF ablation presents similar outcome than in the general population and should be considered the first interventional option (at the early stage) to improve LVEF and symptoms AV node ablation + CRT±D may be considered in late stage AF in selected cases
37 Thanks for your attention!
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