DC MICROGRIDS. A novel solution for universal electricity access

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1 DC MICROGRIDS A novel solution for universal electricity access

2 1.3 billion people still lack access to electricity 2

3 Electricity is not affordable 3

4 Electricity is not reliable 4

5 Electricity is not scalable 5

6 For 1 in 5 people worldwide, electricity is not Affordable Reliable Scalable 6

7 Electricity access is a significant OPPORTUNITY challenge 7

8 Electricity access is a significant OPPORTUNITY challenge Solar Lanterns Solar Home Systems Grid Extension # Eligible Consumers 561M 478M 95M Est. Market Size $4B $8B $2B 8

9 What is a microgrid? Microgrids have the potential to electrify 145M to 410M people 9

10 Existing solutions do not meet all three needs Affordable DC Microgrids Reliable Scalable 10

11 Scalable: Microgrids enable higher tiers of electricity use Solar lantern Solar home system Microgrid Macrogrid (developing world) Macrogrid (U.S.) Per capita electricity use (kwh/day/person) 11

12 AC microgrids can be improved Not affordable Larger solar arrays Not reliable Central storage Not scalable Inverters 12

13 How is our system different? Power Generation: Solar PV Inverter + - DC AC Battery Bank 13

14 CHARGEBOX enables benefits of the DC system 48V DC CHARGE CREDIT 12V DC 5V DC Steps Down Voltage Payment System Compatible Charge Meter Wireless Communication Lithium-based Storage 14

15 DC microgrids succeed where others fail Device / Solar Kit Solar Home System AC Microgrid DC Microgrid + CHARGEBOX AFFORDABLE RELIABLE SCALABLE 15

16 Higher distribution efficiency in DC microgrids AC Microgrid DC Microgrid 73% 79% 81% 98% AC microgrid efficiency excludes AC/DC rectifier losses 16

17 A more efficient system is more affordable 800 Energy Consumed (kwh / year) AC Refrigerators DC Refrigerators Capacity (cubic ft) 17

18 Microgrids are the most affordable option for the desired level of service LCOE ($ / kwh) Solar Home Systems Solar Devices Microgrids Phone charging, lighting Entertainment Comfort and productivity Level of Service 18

19 DC microgrids will be cost competitive Technology Levelized Cost of Electricity ($/kwh) Solar Lantern ~ $10.00 Solar Home System ~ $1.00 AC Microgrid ~ $ $1.00 Grid Extension ~ $0.10 DC Microgrid ~ $

20 How can we make microgrids more affordable? Number of Rural Households Solar Lamps and Kits $30-80/year Solar Home Systems $80-120/year Microgrids $ /year Income Level 20

21 A reliable system prevents brownouts 21

22 A scalable system supports projected growth in energy demand 10 Real GDP Growth 8 Annual Percentage Change Emerging market and developing economies Advanced economies World 22

23 A scalable system can be tailored 23

24 Why is the market ready now? Decreasing PV costs Decreasing storage costs Rise of payas-you-go 24

25 Initial markets were evaluated using 3 criteria High WTP Value Energy Efficiency Strong Partners 25

26 Islands are an attractive premium market 70% Pacific Islands lack electricity access 10-30% of GDP spent on imported fuel (diesel) World Bank Islands Sustainable Energy Finance Project 26

27 Path to market Rural electrification Market Size Islands Peri-urban $1B $1.6B $4B+ 1 years 3 years 5 years 27

28 For 1 in 5 people worldwide, electricity is CAN not BE Affordable Reliable Scalable 28

29 One step closer to universal electricity access 29

30 THANK YOU Achintya Madduri Sherry MBA 2015 John GSPP / ERG 2016 Sara MBA 2015 Tia MBA 2015 Nick MBA 2015 Molly MDP

31 Questions? 31

32 Microgrids let customers move up the energy ladder 32

33 Market size estimates (lower bound) # of People (M) Market Size ($M) Solar lanterns $4 Solar lanterns 561 Solar home systems 478 Microgrids $4 Solar home systems $8 Microgrids 145 Grid extension 95 Grid extension $2 33

34 Addressable market, by technology 34

35 Better service at the same LCOE LCOE ($/kwh) $0.41 $0.45 $0.09 $0.11 $0.08 $0.06 $0.24 $ DC Microgrid AC Microgrid Generation and Storage Distribution Labor and Transportation 35

36 DC is more efficient, especially at night 36

37 Battery costs expected to decrease 37

38 Business model choices Market Segment Service Offering Financing Method Payment Collection Households Tier 2: Basic Household Needs Pay per use Manual Commercial Tier 3: Small Productive Power Rental/ Pure Lease Scratch Card Tier 4: Large Productive Power Rent-to-own/ Lease financing Mobile Money 38

39 Competitive Landscape Company Country Technology Payment Collection Business Model DESI Power India Micro/mini-grid Manual/cash Lease time/energy Devergy Tanzania Micro/mini-grid Scratch card Pay per use Energa Senegal Micro/mini-grid Scratch card Pay per use Fenix International Uganda Device/solar kit Mobile money Pay per use Husk Power India, Uganda Micro/mini-grid Mobile money Lease time/energy Mera Gao Power India Micro/mini-grid Manual/cash Lease time/energy d.light design SSA, Asia Device/solar kit Mobile money Lease time/energy Off:Grid Electric Tanzania Solar home system BBOXX SSA Solar home system Mobile money Mobile money Lease time/energy Lease time/energy 39

40 Value Chain of a Microgrid 40

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