Writenet Paper No. 14/2002 : & - Oliver Roy. writenet@gn.apc.org ISSN
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1 . Writenet Paper No. 14/2002 : & - Oliver Roy (CNRS), 2003 Writenet, -. Practical Management (UK). writenet@gn.apc.org,... Writenet.. ISSN
2 : ; : Pashtun Pashtun : United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees CP 2500, CH 1211 Geneva Switzerland HQES00@unhcr.ch Web Site: 2
3 ( ) - -. ( -,, Talibans) - ( )., :, : , , ;, ( Amir Abdurrahman ) -., - ( ). - -, 1928 Daud 1978,. ( ), (1919, - ), (1973, ) ( ) , ( Safi 1947, Panjshir 1975). :,
4 . laisser passer -. - : -,,,,, ( ) -,, -,, )., -, - (Pashtun) Amanullah / ,. (Loya Jirga) 2002,,, , - (, ).,. de facto Pashtun,., -, ,.,. Taliban -. (1994) - 4
5 . Najibullah ( ), -, Jamiat-I-Islami,., Ahmad Shah Masud -, -., Abdul Rashid Dostum, : 1990 Hizb-I-Wahdat - Hazaras,, -. Hizb-I-Islami Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Abu Nidal 1994 Taliban., Hizb-I-Islami Taliban Taliban. - (Sharia),. (madrasa) salafi, -.,,. (, ).,, -. Taliban :., (, Pashtun) - ( ). - (Al Qaeda) -. Taliban,. Taliban -, - 5
6 , , , - Hazaras -. ( Amu-Darya - ). Durand -., Herat -,, Jalalabad Kandahar. 23,,,.,. -.,. -,, - (, ). - ( - Panjashiri ). ( Dushanbe ). -. -,. -,,,.,, ,. -.., (Khalq, Pashtun). 6
7 ( Ahmed Shah Masud), Hazaras ( Hizb-I-Wahdat) ( Abdul Rashid Dostum) ( ) -. Pashtuns. «-» Pashtuns (Khalq, Hizb-I-Islami, Taliban). - - Pashtuns. ( ) -. - Pashtuns Urdu Dari (), Pashtun - Dari. -, -., -. -, -., -.. Pashtuns - Pashtuns, Hazaras., Ismail Khan Abdul Rashid Dostum.,,, - - ( Pashtunistan, ).,, - : -,., - (Panjshiris, Kandaharis, Heratis, Kumar Paktya)
8 3. : 1 -.,»,». -., -,, -, ( - ), ( ) ( Taliban). -,.. ). -..., 20, -., ( Ismailis Kayan ). - - : -., - ( Taliban «-» ). :, Karamali Samangan Ismailis,. : -. -,
9 . Pashtun Khost Islamabad ( Psdshah Khan Zadran) -, -., Ismail Khan, Abdul Rashid Dostum Karim Khalili., ). -,., -, -., , -. -,. Rashid Dostum Rasul Pahlawan Rasul Pahlavan Mujaheddin Dostum, Rasul Pahlawan - Dostum Abdul Malik Pahlawan Dostum, Taliban Ahmad Masud - Panjshir Karim Khalili Hazarajat, Ismail Khan, Rashid Dostum Haji Abdul Qadir ( Nangrahar).. : Mazar-I-Sharif Atta Mohammed, Hazaras - Hisb-I-Wahdat Rashid Dostum.. Ahmad Masud Ismail Khan 9
10 .. -. ( Masud Dostum), ( ) -.. Ismail Khan ,.. - :,. -, ( 1992, 1996, 2001), Herat 1995, Mazar-I-Sharif 1997, Al Qaeda Kunduz 2001, Gardez Anaconda 2002). H, -. Ismail Khan, Haji Qadir Ahmad Masud Panjshir., Pashtun. ( -, Hamid Karzai). -,., -,,, jirgas. 10
11 Paktya, Padshah Khan Zadran -,,, Jadran,,., Hamid Karzai. Karzai, Taliban., 2002 Taliban Karzai -, Padshah ( Wardak Gardez Taj Mohammed Wardak, Taniwal Khost Akbar Taniwal), Jadran Padhsah -.,. 2001, Gul Agha Shirzai, Kandahar Taliban Mullah Naqib Ullah. Naqib, Alikozay Shirzai, Gul Agha., Pashtun Alikozay Pashtun Amanullah Khan ( Pashtun Shindand) Ismail Khan., Gul Agha - Karzai. Pashtun ( - ) -., Al Qaeda Pashtun Pashtun Pashtun - ( Taliban)., - 11
12 , : o Ahmad Masud Mohammed Fahim Panjshir, Rashid Dostum Shiberghan, o Atta Mohammed Mazar-I-Sharif, o Karim Khalili Bamiyan ( ). Ismail Khan. Herat, -. Herat, Afzali,. Ismail Khan, -., ( $ ),. Ismail Khan - -. O Ahmad Masud (Shura-ye-nazar) ( ), -,, (Jamiat-I-Islami). Jamiat Badakhshan, Masud ,,. Masud Mohammed Fahim, -. : - Panjshiris «Panjshiri»,. -. Masud Panjshir «-», -. Panjshiri Fahim Panjshir. Panjshir. Rashid Dostum, Ismail Khan, -,, - 12
13 . Dostum Jawzjani, Shibergham. - Shibergham,. Dostum Dostum, Mohammed Atta,. ( ). ( Mohammed Fahim). Dostum Atta.,. Dostum. Karim Khalili -, Hizb-I-Wahdat, Hazaras , Sayid Mohammed Akbari (Qizilbash, Hazara) Taliban, Hizb-I-Wahdat,. Hizb-I-Wahdat -.,,., Khalili -. 4.,,, -,.., Khalili. -., -. ( Ismail Khan). -, -.,. 13
14 ,. -,.,, (ISAF) (Fahim, Dostum, Ismail Khan, Khalili). - ( Fahim),,. -. -, Pajshiris.,,. -. Pashtun, -, , Pashtuns Pashtuns,. Karzai, - - Daoud, Taliban, -. -., , ( 1998, ). (,., - ) - Hamid Karzai ( - ) ( ). 14
15 -.. -,,,. Hamid Gul Nasrullah Babar,. -,. -, - Pashtun ,. -. : -,,. Pashtuns: 1994, Hizb-I- Islami Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Taliban. : -, Al Qaeda. -. ( ), : Inter-Services Intelligence,. - Taliban , :,, Al Qaeda Taliban, Pashtun,, Hekmatyar - Karzai - (ISAF),, : - Taliban Pashtun, 15
16 -, «Jihad», -, Al Qaeda, Pashtun - Baluchistan -, - Pashtun,, -.,,,.., Karzai. ( Pashtun) :. - : Al Qaeda,, Herat.., ( - ). 30 Pashtun - : ( Khalq), Hizb-I-Islami Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Taliban., -, - ). - / - 16
17 ,. ( ) Fahim,,. - Taliban Al Qaeda, , -, -.,,,.,, -,,. 7. Afghan News, George, M. Profile : Ismal Khan, BBC News Online, Griffiths, J. C., Afghanistan : A History of Conflict, London : Carlton Books, 2001 Giustozzi, A., War, Politics and Society in Afghanistan, , Washington DC : Georgetown University Press, 2000 Rashid, A. Afghanistan: Warlord, Profiteer, Ideologue, Chief, Far Eastern Economic Review, Roy, O., Islamic Radicalism in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Writenet for UNHCR, January 2002, The Implications of the Taliban Power in Afghanistan, Writenet for UNHCR, April 1998, Islam and Resistance in Afghanistan, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986, L Afghanistan : Islam modernitée politique, Paris, May 1985 Rubin, B. R., The Fragmentation of Afghanistan, New Haven CT: Yale University Press,
& UNHCR &, 2001 & &,. -..
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Editor s Note. For questions about this report, please contact the individual authors directly or Brian Fishman at: brian.fishman@usma.edu.
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