How to Do the EDSS EDSS
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- Irene McCormick
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1 How to Do the EDSS Stephen S. Kamin, MD New Jersey Medical School EDSS Expanded Disability Status Scale Devised by John Kurtzke in the 1960s and modified in the 1980s 1
2 EDSS Advantages Widely used Provides a single number measure of disability Disadvantages Non-linear Bi-modal distribution Overemphasizes ambulation Minimizes cognition Limited inter-rater reliability Some ambiguities EDSS 2
3 MS Impairment Scale EDSS vs. MSIS 3
4 MS Severity Score EDSS 4
5 NeuroStatus A modification of the original Kurtzke scale by Kappos Eliminates some ambiguities In general use in clinical trials On-line training & certification Basis for this session NeuroStatus 5
6 NeuroStatus EDSS Components Functional Systems Scores (FS) Disability Status Scores (DSS) 6
7 Functional Systems Scores Visual Pyramidal Cerebellar Sensory Bowel and Bladder Cerebral Other Visual 0- Normal 1- Disc pallor OR small scotoma OR 20/25 or better 2- Worse eye 20/30 to 20/59 3- Large scotoma or moderate field defect OR Worse eye 20/60 to 20/99 4- Marked field defect OR Worse eye 20/100 to 20/200 OR Worse eye 20/60 to 20/99 and better eye < 20/60 7
8 Visual 5- Worse eye < 20/200 OR Worse eye 20/100 to 20/200 and better eye < 20/60 6- Worse eye < 20/200 AND Better eye < 20/60 Vision Corrected Scores Score Corrected score
9 Visual 4 worse eye with marked decrease of fields and/or maximal visual acuity (corrected) of 20 / 100 to 20 / 200 ( ); grade 3 plus maximal acuity of better eye of 20 / 60 (0.33) or less 5 worse eye with maximal visual acuity (corrected) less than 20 / 200 (0.1); grade 4 plus maximal acuity of better eye of 20 / 60 (0.33) or less 6 grade 5 plus maximal visual acuity of better eye of 20 / 60 (0.33) or less Visual Worse eye Better eye Fields Scotoma Pallor /20 20/20 Absent 1 1 > 20/30 Small Present /30-20/ /60-20/99 Moderate Large defect /100-20/200 Complete hemi /60-20/99 AND 20/ < 20/ /100-20/200 AND 20/ < 20/200 AND 20/60 9
10 Question 1 The patient has a left homonymous hemianopsia. Visual acuity is 20/30 in the intact field of both eyes. Question 1 The Corrected Visual FSS is: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 10
11 A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Question 1 The Corrected Visual FSS is: 25% 25% 25% 25% Visual Worse eye Better eye Fields Scotoma Pallor /20 20/20 Absent 1 1 > 20/30 Small Present /30-20/ /60-20/99 Moderate Large defect /100-20/200 Complete hemi /60-20/99 AND 20/ < 20/ /100-20/200 AND 20/ < 20/200 AND 20/60 11
12 Question 2 There is disc pallor of the right eye. The acuity is 20/20 bilaterally. Question 2 The corrected visual FSS is: A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 12
13 Question 2 The corrected visual FSS is: A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 33% 33% 33% 0 of Visual Worse eye Better eye Fields Scotoma Pallor /20 20/20 Absent 1 1 > 20/30 Small Present /30-20/ /60-20/99 Moderate Large defect /100-20/200 Complete hemi /60-20/99 AND 20/ < 20/ /100-20/200 AND 20/ < 20/200 AND 20/60 13
14 Question 3 The patient is blind in the left eye and has acuity of 20/100 in the right eye. Question 3 The corrected visual FSS is: A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 14
15 Question 3 The corrected visual FSS is: A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Visual Worse eye Better eye Fields Scotoma Pallor /20 20/20 Absent 1 1 > 20/30 Small Present /30-20/ /60-20/99 Moderate Large defect /100-20/200 Complete hemi /60-20/99 AND 20/ < 20/ /100-20/200 AND 20/ < 20/200 AND 20/60 15
16 Brainstem 0-Normal 1- Signs only 2- Moderate nystagmus OR moderate EOM impairment OR other mild disability Brainstem 3- Severe nystagmus OR Marked extraocular weakness OR Moderate disability of other cranial nerves 16
17 Brainstem 4- Marked dysarthria or other marked disability 5- Unable to swallow or speak Brainstem EOM 0- Normal 1- Signs only: subtle and patient without complaints 2- Mild: Subtle and patient aware OR obvious and incomplete but patient unaware 3- Moderate: Obvious, incomplete and patient aware OR single complete 4- Marked: Complete paralysis of >1 muscle 17
18 Brainstem Nystagmus 0- None 1- Signs only or mild (only beyond 30 ) 2- Moderate: at 30 but not in primary position 3- Severe: in primary position or interfering with vision Brainstem Trigeminal 0- None 1- Signs only 2- Mild: Detectible (patient aware) 3- Moderate: Impaired sharp/dull OR trigeminal neuralgia 4- Marked: No discrimination of sharp/dull 18
19 Brainstem Facial 0- None 1- Signs only 2- Mild: Detectible, patient aware 3- Moderate: Incomplete eye closure or mouth closure with symptoms 4- Marked: Complete palsy Brainstem Hearing 0-No loss 1- Signs only: Decreased finger rub OR lateralizing Weber, patient unaware 2- Mild: 1, but patient aware 3- Moderate: Absent finger rub OR impaired word discrimination 4- Marked: Cannot hear whisper 19
20 Brainstem Dysarthria 0- None 1- Signs only 2- Mild: Clinically detectible 3- Moderate: Impaired comprehensibility 4- Marked: Incomprehensible speech 5- Inability to speak Brainstem Dysphagia 0- None 1- Signs only 2- Mild: Difficulty with liquids 3- Moderate: Difficulty with solids and liquids 4- Marked: Sustained difficulty, required modified diet 5- Unable to swallow 20
21 Brainstem Score EOM Nystagmus CN V CN VII Hearing Dysarth ria 0 Dyspha gia 1 Signs only OR Mild Signs only OR Mild Signs only Signs only Signs only Signs only Signs only 2 Mod Mod Mild Mild Mild Mild Mild 3 Marked Severe Mod Mod Mod Mod Mod 4 Marked Marked Marked Marked Marked 5 Unable Unable Question 4 The patient has abduction nystagmus of the left eye but does not complain of diplopia. There is mild loss of sensation on the left side of the face, of which she is not aware. 21
22 Question 4 The Brainstem FSS is: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Question 4 The Brainstem FSS is: 25% 25% 25% 25%
23 Brainstem Score EOM Nystagmus CN V CN VII Hearing Dysarth ria 0 Dyspha gia 1 Signs only OR Mild Signs only OR Mild Signs only Signs only Signs only Signs only Signs only 2 Mod Mod Mild Mild Mild Mild Mild 3 Marked Severe Mod Mod Mod Mod Mod 4 Marked Marked Marked Marked Marked 5 Unable Unable Question 5 The patient complains of diplopia on far rightward gaze but eye movements are not obviously impaired. There is incomplete closure of the right eye and mild dysarthria which does not impair comprehensibility. 23
24 Question 5 The brainstem FSS is: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Question 5 The brainstem FSS is: 25% 25% 25% 25%
25 Brainstem Score EOM Nystagmus CN V CN VII Hearing Dysarth ria 0 Dyspha gia 1 Signs only OR Mild Signs only OR Mild Signs only Signs only Signs only Signs only Signs only 2 Mod Mod Mild Mild Mild Mild Mild 3 Marked Severe Mod Mod Mod Mod Mod 4 Marked Marked Marked Marked Marked 5 Unable Unable Question 6 The patient has speech which is difficult to understand. He complains of intermittent choking on both solids and liquids. There is nystagmus in all directions of gaze, but not in primary gaze. 25
26 Question 6 The brainstem FSS is: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Question 6 The brainstem FSS is: 25% 25% 25% 25%
27 Brainstem Score EOM Nystagmus CN V CN VII Hearing Dysarth ria 0 Dyspha gia 1 Signs only OR Mild Signs only OR Mild Signs only Signs only Signs only Signs only Signs only 2 Mod Mod Mild Mild Mild Mild Mild 3 Marked Severe Mod Mod Mod Mod Mod 4 Marked Marked Marked Marked Marked 5 Unable Unable Pyramidal 0- Normal 1- Abnormal signs only (hyperreflexia, Babinski sign) 2- Minimal disability- fatigability or 4/5 in one or 2 muscle groups 3- Mild to moderate paraparesis or hemiparesis- usually 4/5 in > 2 muscle groups OR severe monoparesis (< 2/5) 27
28 Pyramidal 4- Marked paraparesis or hemiparesis 3/5 in 3 or 4 limbs 2/5 in 2 limbs 1/5 in 1 limb 5- Paraplegia, hemiplegia or marked quadriparesis < 2/5 in 3 or 4 limbs 1/5 in at least 2 limbs 6- Quadriplegia Problems Pyramidal Muscle groups versus limbs Best interpretation: muscle groups = limbs (see rating of 3) But NOT for rating of 2 28
29 Pyramidal 1 limb 2 limbs 3 limbs 4 limbs 0 Normal 1 Signs only 2 4/5 3 2 or 3/5 3/5 4/5 4/5 4 0 or 1/5 2/5 3/5 3/5 5 0 or 1/5 2/5 2/5 6 0 or 1/5 Question 7 Strength is 4/5 in the right deltoids and right triceps. All other muscle groups are 5/5. 29
30 Question 7 The Pyramidal FSS is: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Question 7 The Pyramidal FSS is: 25% 25% 25% 25%
31 Pyramidal 1 limb 2 limbs 3 limbs 4 limbs 0 Normal 1 Signs only 2 4/5 3 2 or 3/5 3/5 4/5 4/5 4 0 or 1/5 2/5 3/5 3/5 5 0 or 1/5 2/5 2/5 6 0 or 1/5 Question 8 Strength on the right is deltoids 3/5, biceps 4/5, triceps 3/5, wrist extensors 4/5, iliopsoas 2/5, hamstrings 3/5, anterior tibials 3/5. All other groups are 5/5. 31
32 Question 8 The Pyramidal FSS is: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Question 8 The Pyramidal FSS is: 25% 25% 25% 25%
33 Pyramidal 1 limb 2 limbs 3 limbs 4 limbs 0 Normal 1 Signs only 2 4/5 3 2 or 3/5 3/5 4/5 4/5 4 0 or 1/5 2/5 3/5 3/5 5 0 or 1/5 2/5 2/5 6 0 or 1/5 Question 9 The strength in the left arm is deltoid 3/5, triceps 4/5, wrist extensors 4/5. In the legs iliopsoas are 2/5, hamstrings 3/5 and anterior tibials 2/5 bilaterally. All other muscle groups are at least 4/5. 33
34 Question 9 The Pyramidal FSS is: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Question 9 The Pyramidal FSS is: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 25% 25% 25% 25%
35 Pyramidal 1 limb 2 limbs 3 limbs 4 limbs 0 Normal 1 Signs only 2 4/5 3 2 or 3/5 3/5 4/5 4/5 4 0 or 1/5 2/5 3/5 3/5 5 0 or 1/5 2/5 2/5 6 0 or 1/5 Cerebellar 0 normal 1 abnormal signs without disability 2 mild ataxia and/or moderate station ataxia (Romberg) 3 moderate truncal ataxia and / or moderate limb ataxia and / or moderate or severe gait/truncal ataxia 4 severe gait/truncal ataxia and severe ataxia in three or four limbs 5 unable to perform coordinated movements due to ataxia X pyramidal weakness (BMRC grade 3 or worse in limb strength) interferes with cerebellar testing 35
36 Limb ataxia Cerebellar 0 Normal 1 Signs only 2 Mild: Tremor or clumsiness easily seen, minor interference with function 3 Moderate: Interference with function in all spheres 4 Severe: Most functions very difficult Trunk Cerebellar 0 Normal 1 Signs only 2 Mild: Sway with eyes closed 3 Moderate: Sway with eyes open 4 Severe: Requires assistance 36
37 Cerebellar Gait 0- Normal 1- Signs only 2- Mild: Balance problem recognized by patient or others 3- Moderate: Abnormal on ordinary walking 4- Severe: Unable to walk more than a few steps unassisted Cerebellar Problems: Ambiguity of trunk/gait Inconsistency in rating of 3: moderate truncal ataxia and/or moderate limb ataxia and/or moderate or severe gait/truncal ataxia Use of Romberg for cerebellar testing 37
38 Cerebellar Limb Trunk/Stance Gait 0 Normal Normal 1 Signs only Signs only 2 Mild Positive Romberg Mild 3 Moderate Moderate/severe Moderate/severe 4 Severe (3-4 limbs) AND Severe AND Severe 5 Action impossible X Weakness interferes Question 10 The patient has bilateral intention tremor and has difficulty using eating utensils or buttoning clothes. Stance is normal with eyes open or closed. Tandem gait is impaired. 38
39 Question 10 The Cerebellar FSS is: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Question 10 The Cerebellar FSS is: 25% 25% 25% 25%
40 Cerebellar Limb Trunk/Stance Gait 0 Normal Normal 1 Signs only Signs only Signs only 2 Mild Positive Romberg Mild 3 Moderate Moderate/severe Moderate/severe 4 Severe (3-4 limbs) AND Severe AND Severe 5 Action impossible X Weakness interferes Question 11 The patient has minimal dysmetria of the arms. She requires a cane to walk because of falls secondary to imbalance. 40
41 Question 11 The Cerebellar FSS is: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Question 11 The Cerebellar FSS is: 25% 25% 25% 25%
42 Cerebellar Limb Trunk/Stance Gait 0 Normal Normal 1 Signs only Signs only 2 Mild Positive Romberg Mild 3 Moderate Moderate/severe Moderate/severe 4 Severe (3-4 limbs) AND Severe AND Severe 5 Action impossible X Weakness interferes Question 12 The patient has mild intention tremor which has a minor effect on her ADLs. She is plegic in the legs. 42
43 Question 12 The Cerebellar FSS is: A. 2 B. 2X C. 3 D. X Question 12 The Cerebellar FSS is: A. 2 B. 2X C. 3 D. X 25% 25% 25% 25% 10 A. B. C. D. 43
44 Cerebellar Limb Trunk/Stance Gait 0 Normal Normal 1 Signs only Signs only 2 Mild Positive Romberg Mild 3 Moderate Moderate/severe Moderate/severe 4 Severe (3-4 limbs) AND Severe AND Severe 5 Action impossible X Weakness interferes Sensory 0- Normal 1- Vibration or figure-writing decreased only in 1 or 2 limbs 2- Mild decreased in touch or pain or position sense OR Moderate decrease in vibration in 1 or 2 limbs OR Vibratory decrease alone in 3 or 4 limbs 44
45 Sensory 3- Moderate decreased in touch, pain or position sense OR Lost vibration in 1 or 2 limbs OR Mild decrease in touch or pain OR Moderate decrease in proprioception in 3 or 4 limbs Sensory 4- Marked decrease in touch or pain OR loss of proprioception in 1 or 2 limbs OR Moderate decrease in touch or pain OR Severe decrease in proprioception in 3 or 4 limbs 45
46 Sensory 5- Loss of sensation in 1 or 2 limbs OR Moderate decrease in touch or pain OR Severe decrease in proprioception in 3 or 4 limbs ( Most of body below the head ) 6- Sensation essentially lost below the head Pain & light touch Sensory 0 Normal 1 Signs only: Abnormal but patient not aware 2 Mild: Aware of deficit but discriminates sharp & dull 3 Moderate: Impaired sharp-dull discrimination 4 Marked: Absent discrimination 5 Total loss 46
47 Vibration Sensory 0 Normal 1 Mild: 5-7/8 or > 10 sec 2 Moderate: 1-4/8 or 2-10 sec 3 Marked: Complete loss Rydell-Seiffert Tuning Fork 47
48 Position sense Sensory 0 Normal 1 Mild: 1-2 errors, only distal 2 Moderate: Many errors, proximal joints affected 3 Marked: Complete loss Problems: Sensory Marked versus severe Proprioception versus all proprioceptive tests Not all severity ratings are represented in the FSS standards Sensation absent below the head virtually never occurs 48
49 Sensory Vib Vib Pain Pain JPS JPS Mild Nl Nl 2 Mod Mild Mild Mild 3 Absent Mod Mild Mod 3 Mod AND Mod 4 Marked Mod 4 Marked AND Marked 5 Absent AND Absent AND Absent 5* Mod 5* Absent AND Absent 6 Absent AND Absent AND Absent Question 13 Vibration is 7/8 in the fingers and 6/8 in the toes. There is mild decrease in joint position sense in the toes. Pin prick sensation is intact. 49
50 Question 13 The Sensory FSS is: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Question 13 The Sensory FSS is: 25% 25% 25% 25% 10 A. B. C. D. 50
51 Sensory Vib Vib Pain Pain JPS JPS Mild Nl Nl 2 Mod Mild Mild Mild 3 Absent Mod Mild Mod 3 Mod AND Mod 4 Marked Mod 4 Marked AND Marked 5 Absent AND Absent AND Absent 5* Mod 5* Absent AND Absent 6 Absent AND Absent AND Absent Question 14 Vibration is 4/8 in the fingers and 3/8 in the toes. The patient makes 1 or 2 errors in joint position sense in the toes. Pin prick sensation is intact. 51
52 Question 14 The Sensory FSS is: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Question 14 The Sensory FSS is: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 25% 25% 25% 25% 10 A. B. C. D. 52
53 Rule of Thumb FSS If there is no rating listed for a particular function, find the next lower rating and add 1. For instance: vibration moderately decreased in 4 limbs Mild loss is rated 2. Sensory Vib Vib Pain Pain JPS JPS Mild Nl Nl 2 Mod Mild Mild Mild 3 Absent Mod Mod Mild Mod 3 Mod AND Mod 4 Marked Mod 4 Marked AND Marked 5 Absent AND Absent AND Absent 5* Mod 5* Absent AND Absent 6 Absent AND Absent AND Absent 53
54 Rules of Thumb So the Sensory FS score is 3. Question 15 Vibration and joint position sense are absent in all 4 limbs. There is impaired discrimination of sharp and dull in all 4 limbs. 54
55 Question 15 The Sensory FSS is: A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Question 15 The Sensory FSS is: 25% 25% 25% 25% 10 A. B. C. D. 55
56 Sensory Vib Vib Pain Pain JPS JPS Mild Nl Nl 2 Mod Mild Mild Mild 3 Absent Mod Mild Mod 3 Mod AND Mod 4 Marked Mod 4 Marked AND Marked 5 Absent AND Absent AND Absent 5* Mod 5* Absent AND Absent 6 Absent AND Absent AND Absent Question 16 Vibration and joint position sense are absent in the feet and mildly decreased in the hands. Pin prick sensation is absent in the feet and impaired in the fingers. 56
57 Question 16 The Sensory FSS is: A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Question 16 The Sensory FSS is: 25% 25% 25% 25% 10 A. B. C. D. 57
58 Sensory Vib Vib Pain Pain JPS JPS Mild Nl Nl 2 Mod Mild Mild Mild 3 Absent Mod Mild Mod 3 Mod AND Mod 4 Marked Mod 4 Marked AND Marked 5 Absent AND Absent AND Absent 5* Mod 5* Absent AND Absent 6 Absent AND Absent AND Absent Bowel and Bladder 0- Normal 1- Mild urinary hesitancy, urgency or constipation 2- Moderate hesitancy, urgency OR Rare urinary incontinence OR Severe constipation 58
59 Bowel and Bladder 3- Frequent urinary incontinence OR Intermittent self-catheterization OR Enemas or manual bowel evacuation 4- In need of almost constant catheterization 5- Loss of bladder function 6- Loss of bowel and bladder function Bowel & Bladder Score CS Bladder/ Catheter Bowel Incontinence 0 0 Nl Nl 1 1 Mild Mild 2 2 Mod/Rare Severe /Frequent ISC Enemas etc 4 3 Almost constant 5 4 Absent Constant Absent 6 5 Absent AND Absent 59
60 Cerebral 0- Normal 1- Mood alteration only or mild fatigue 2- Mild decrease in mentation (history but not exam) or moderate to severe fatigue 3- Moderate decreased in mentation (O x 3) 4- Marked decrease in mentation (O x 1 or 2) 5- Dementia Cerebral Score Mentation Fatigue 0 Nl Nl 1 Mood only Mild 2 Mild Mod-severe 3 Mod 4 Severe 5 Dementia 60
61 Cerebral Corrected Scores Score Corrected Score (Mood) or Spasticity 0- None 1- Mild 2- Moderate 3- Severe Other Functions 61
62 Walking An orthosis is NOT assistance for purposes of the EDSS EDSS Below 4 Fully ambulatory (> 500 m) Defined exclusively by FS scores 4.0, 4.5 & 5.0 FS scores OR ambulation More severe parameter governs 5.5 to 8.0 Ambulation or WC use only 8.5 and above Self-care and communication 62
63 Problems EDSS Various exceptions to the ambulation distances ranges >120 M with bilateral assistance >50 M with unilateral assistance Combinations of lesser grades exceeding limits of previous steps EDSS scoring by Functional systems Number of Functional System Scores at Grades 0-5 (total = 7) # of G0 # of G1 # of G2 # of G3 # of G4 # of G5 EDSS >= , 4 5 4, , 1, 2, 3 0, 1, 2, 3 0, , 1, 2, 3, 4 0, 1, 2, 3, , , , 2, 3, 4, , 4, 5, , , 5, ³ , 2, 3, 4,5,6 0, , 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 1, 2, ³ ³
64 EDSS scoring by ambulation Ambulatory status Kappos Kurtzke Walks unaided >= 500m, unrestricted Walks unaided ³300m, < 500m Walks unaided ³200m, < 300m Walks unaided ³100m, < 200m Walks unaided <100m?? Walks with aid ³100m 6.0 Walks with unilateral aid for ³100m (resting allowed) 6.0 Walks with bilateral aid for >120m 6.0 Walks with unilateral aid for >50m 6.0 Walks with assistance ³20m but not 100m 6.5 Walks with unilateral aid for <50m 6.5 Walks with bilateral aid m 6.5 Walks with bilateral aid for ³20m (no rest allowed) 6.5 Walks with bilateral aid >5m but <20m? close to 7.0 Walks with bilateral aid for >few steps but <5m Walks with bilateral aid for only a few steps Aid by another person equals bilateral assistance X AFO uni or bilateral by itself is not considered aid X Assignment is to that closest to his/her performance X * EDSS 1. Determine all FSS 2. Determine maximal walking distance and independence 3. If 2 is less than 500 m, go to EDSS Ambulation chart 4. If 2 is at least 500 m, determine highest FSS and go to appropriate chart 64
65 Ambulation 500 No Assistance? Yes Wheelchair? Yes No No Use FSS Charts Ambulation Chart 1 Ambulation Chart 2 Yes Ambulation Chart 3 Max FSS 1? Yes >1 FSS = 1? No EDSS = 1 No Yes EDSS = 1.5 Max FSS 2? Yes EDSS Chart 2 No Max FSS 3? Yes EDSS Chart 3 No EDSS Chart
66 EDSS EDSS EDSS FSS EDSS * 66
67 EDSS FSS EDSS Ambulation 500 No Yes Use FSS Charts Assistance? Yes Wheelchair? No No Ambulation Chart 1 Ambulation Chart 2 Yes Ambulation Chart 3 67
68 EDSS Ambulation 1 Distance Restricted? Assistance EDSS 500 m No None By FSS 500 m Yes (Pyr or None By FSS Cereb None 4.5* None None 5.5 EDSS Ambulation 2 Distance Assistance EDSS 100 Unilateral or 6.0 Intermittent Unilateral Unilateral 6.5 > 120 Bilateral Bilateral
69 EDSS Ambulation 3 Ambulation Wheelchair Self- Care EDSS 5 m, transfers Few steps, Aid to transfer Standard chair Yes 7.0 Standard with assistance, motorized Yes 7.5 OOB - Many 8.0 Bed - Some 8.5 Bed - None 9.0 Bed - None 9.5 EDSS Visual 0 Brainstem 2 Pyramidal 3 Cerebellar 0 Sensory 3 Bowel/Bladder 1 Cerebral 1 Ambulation 500 m
70 What is the EDSS? Question 17 A. 3.5 B. 4.0 C. 4.5 D. 5.0 A. 3.5 B. 4.0 C. 4.5 D. 5.0 Question 17 What is the EDSS? 25% 25% 25% 25%
71 Max FSS 1? Yes >1 FSS = 1? No EDSS = 1 No Yes EDSS = 1.5 Max FSS 2? Yes EDSS Chart 2 No Max FSS 3? Yes EDSS Chart 3 No EDSS Chart 4-5 EDSS FSS EDSS * 71
72 EDSS Visual 0 Brainstem 3 Pyramidal 3 Cerebellar 1 Sensory 3 Bowel/Bladder 1 Cerebral 1 Ambulation 350 m, no assistance What is the EDSS? Question 18 A. 3.0 B. 3.5 C. 4.0 D
73 Question 18 What is the EDSS? 25% 25% 25% 25% A. 3.0 B. 3.5 C. 4.0 D Ambulation 500 No Yes Use FSS Charts Assistance? Yes Wheelchair? No No Ambulation Chart 1 Ambulation Chart 2 Yes Ambulation Chart 3 73
74 EDSS Ambulation 1 Distance Restricted? Assistance EDSS 500 m No None By FSS 500 m Yes (Pyr or None By FSS Cereb None 4.5* None None 5.5 Max FSS 1? Yes >1 FSS = 1? No EDSS = 1 No Yes EDSS = 1.5 Max FSS 2? Yes EDSS Chart 2 No Max FSS 3? Yes EDSS Chart 3 No EDSS Chart
75 EDSS FSS EDSS * EDSS Visual 0 Brainstem 2 Pyramidal 2 Cerebellar 1 Sensory 5 Bowel/Bladder 1 Cerebral 0 Ambulation 350 m, no assistance
76 What is the EDSS? Question 19 A. 4.0 B. 4.5 C. 5.0 D. 5.5 Question 19 What is the EDSS? A. 4.0 B. 4.5 C. 5.0 D % 25% 25% 25%
77 Ambulation 500 No Yes Use FSS Charts Assistance? Yes Wheelchair? No No Ambulation Chart 1 Ambulation Chart 2 Yes Ambulation Chart 3 EDSS Ambulation 1 Distance Restricted? Assistance EDSS 500 m No None By FSS 500 m Yes (Pyr or None By FSS Cereb None 4.5* None None
78 Max FSS 1? Yes >1 FSS = 1? No EDSS = 1 No Yes EDSS = 1.5 Max FSS 2? Yes EDSS Chart 2 No Max FSS 3? Yes EDSS Chart 3 No EDSS Chart 4-5 EDSS FSS EDSS
79 EDSS Rules of Thumb When the EDSS as determined by FS and by ambulation do not agree, choose the higher EDSS. Question 20 The patient is able to walk 50 m by holding onto her husband s arm. She is too ataxic to use a cane. 79
80 What is the EDSS? Question 20 A. 5.0 B. 5.5 C. 6.0 D. 6.5 A. 5.0 B. 5.5 C. 6.0 D. 6.5 Question 20 What is the EDSS? 25% 25% 25% 25%
81 Ambulation 500 No Yes Use FSS Charts Assistance? Yes Wheelchair? No No Ambulation Chart 1 Ambulation Chart 2 Yes Ambulation Chart 3 Rules of Thumb Assistance by person = bilateral assistance AFO is not unilateral assistance 81
82 EDSS Ambulation 2 Distance Assistance EDSS 100 Unilateral or 6.0 Intermittent Unilateral Unilateral 6.5 > 120 Bilateral Bilateral 6.5 Neurostatus Training 82
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