2. Unix (signals) .. ", - (disk driver),.! - (signal),. #,, "" "". $ (pipes), $. % - : -. &, '& (SIGCHLD) -,

Transcription

1 1! " - (disk driver)! - (signal) # "" "" $ (pipes) 2 Unix 21 (signals) $ % - : wait(&status); - & '& (SIGCHLD) - # ( <CTRL>+) <CTRL>+C SIGTSTP SIGTERM ( UNIX " # & <signalh> " # " & " # : / 1 SIGHUP Exit * 2 SIGINT Exit * ( DEL) 3 SIGQUIT Core + (

2 <CTRL>\) 4 SIGILL Core + (illegal instruction) 5 SIGTRAP Core + 6 SIGABRT Core * 7 SIGEMT Core + 8 SIGFPE Core ' 9 SIGKILL Exit 10 SIGBUS Core - 11 SIGSEGV Core + 12 SIGSYS Core 13 SIGPIPE Exit + 14 SIGALR M Exit ' 15 SIGTER Exit # ( <CTRL>C) M 16 SIGUSR1 Exit & ( 1) 17 SIGUSR2 Exit & ( 2) 18 SIGCHL Ignore # - D 19 SIGPWR Ignore 20 SIGWINC Ignore H 21 SIGURG Ignore / socket 22 SIGIO Exit E /// 23 SIGSTOP Stop 24 SIGTSTP Stop ( <CTRL>)) 25 SIGCON T Ignore & C : #include <signalh> + kill(): #include <sys/typesh> #include <signalh> int kill(pid_t pid int sig); pid sig " & kill()

3 : 0 kill(pid SIGSTOP); pid 0 kill() : #include <unistdh> int pause(void);! pause() " " C! " " 0 : (i) (ii) ( :! : int sigtype; int (*previous)() handler(); previous = signal(sigtype handler); handler sigtype 0 previous signal() ( restore) & <signalh> " : SIG_IGN (ignore) SIG_DFL / (default) & 4 : #0-12 Exit: 0 #0-12 Core: 0 core (

4 ) # core debugger adb UNIX #0-12 Stop: 0 #0-12 Ignore: # : 0 : signal(sigterm SIG_IGN); SIGTERM <CTRL>C : int (* oldterm)() onintr(); : oldterm = signal(sigterm onintr); : onintr() unlink(tempfile); exit(1); onintr SIGTERM & <CTRL>C onintr ( " tempfile unlink()) exit() # SIGKILL SIGSTOP * # $ : kill " - : #include <unistdh> unsigned alarm(unsigned sec); SIGALRM sec & + ()

5 & timeout # timeout ( ) # - SIGKILL alarm() + : timeout myprog file1 &! myprog file1 : /* timeout: */ #include <stdioh> #include <signalh> int pid; /* - */ main( int argc char *argv[] ) int sec=10 status onalarm(); /* */ if ( argc > 1 ) && (argv[1][0]== - ) sec = atoi(&argv[1][1]); argc-- argv++; if ( argc < 2 ) error( Usage: %s [-10] command argv[0]); /* - */ if ( (pid=fork()) == 0 ) /* - */ execv(argv[1] &argv[1]); error( execv %s failed argv[1]); /* SIGALRM onalarm */ signal(sigalrm onalarm);

6 /*! sec */ alarm(sec); /* " ( # ) *! # */ if ( wait(&status)==-1 (status & 0xFF)!=0 ) error( %s killed argv[1]); onalarm() /*! SIGALRM */ kill(pid SIGKILL); 22! UNIX Dijkstra + pause() 1 kill() V 3! 0 + " UNIX " 0 " 4 signal() pause() & / wait -1 - SIGCHLD 0 wait() 0 : 4 ( ) pause() " 0 : :

7 kill(pid ); pause(); : pause() 5 ( : previous = signal( onintr); if ( fork() == 0 ) else pause(); signal( previous); kill(pid ); wait(&status); : onintr() exit(1); & - UNIX ( ) 0 " UNIX " 23 " (pipes) standard UNIX (pipes) 0 - : ls wc ls wc standard (stdout) ls standard (stdin) wc 0! / # ( ) "

8 # " FIFO - : #include <unistdh> int pipe(int pd[2]); 0 pipe() pd[0] pd[1] pd pd[1] # pd[0] & pipe() - " fork() % ( 511) -! " write(pd[1] ) - A read(pd[0] ) " & & 11 " & 11 &" # 4096 bytes ( 5120 bytes) / write() 0 read() ( ) read() # # ( clse(pd[1])) End-offile (EOF) write() # SIGPIPE ( 531) : & main pd N - - ( ) () " standard " + - pd[0] pd[1] $ # " close() close(pd[1]) ; (: 6 ;) #define BUFSIZ 100 #define $ 10 /* # */

9 int pd[2]; main() int i n; char buf[bufsiz]; if ( pipe(pd) < 0 ) error( can t open pipe ); for (i=1; i<=n; i++) if ( fork() == 0 ) child(i); /* # */ close(pd[1]); /* % & */ printf( FATHER: I receied from children:\n\n ); while ( (n=read(pd[0] buf BUFSIZ)) > 0 ) write(1 buf n); /* 1=stdout */ close(pd[0]); child(int i) char buf[bufsiz]; close(pd[0]); /* % */ sprintf(buf 'ello from child %2d (pid=%5d)\n i getpid()); write(pd[1] buf strlen(buf)+1); close(pd[1]); exit(0); &( " : 0 - pipe() fork() - - M read() write()

10 ( ( pipe() * UNIX standard ( ) # 42 BSD sockets [BROW94] UNIX

11 3 Windows 31 $ (events) - 4 : # (synchronization events) (notification events) & mutexes - '& " 0 CreateEvent(): HANDLE CreateEvent( ); LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpeventattributes BOOL bmanualreset BOOL binitialstate LPCTSTR lpname 0 bmanualreset (TRUE FALSE ) 0 binitialstate # lpname handle GetLastError() ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS 0 7 handle OpenEvent() lpname HANDLE OpenEvent( ); DWORD dwdesiredaccess BOOL binherithandle LPCTSTR lpname $ WaitForSingleObjec() # ( ( )

12 " 0 SetEvent() PulseEvent(): BOOL SetEvent(HANDLE hevent); BOOL PulseEvent(HANDLE hevent); 0 ( : $ # $! # $ # $! # & # # & 0 0 % SetEvent $ % % PulseEvent $ % - ResetEvent(): BOOL ResetEvent(HANDLE hevent); % CloseHandle() & #include <windowsh> #include <stdioh> HANDLE hevent; DWORD MyRoutine(int nthread)

13 int I; // ( 50 & for (I=0; I<50; I++) // hevent WaitForSingleObject(hEvent INFINITE); // printf("%d" nthread); //! hevent SetEvent(hEvent); return 0; main(void) HANDLE hthreads[5]; DWORD dwthreadid dwerror; int I; // hevent = CreateEvent(NULL FALSE TRUE NULL); // ) if (NULL == hevent) fprintf(stderr "Cannot create event Error %ld\n" (long)getlasterror()); exit(1); // 4 MyRoutine // *+1 for (I=0; I<sizeof(hThreads)/sizeof(HANDLE); I++) hthreads[i] = CreateThread(NULL 0 (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)MyRoutine (LPVOID)(I+1) 0 &dwthreadid); //! if (NULL == hthreads[i])

14 dwerror = GetLastError(); fprintf(stderr "Error %ld creating thread\n" (long)dwerror); return 1; // MyRoutine 0 MyRoutine(0); // Handle // hthreads WaitForMultipleObjects(sizeof(hThreads)/sizeof(HANDLE) hthreads TRUE INFINITE); // % Handle hthreads for (I=0; I<sizeof(hThreads)/sizeof(HANDLE); I++) CloseHandle(hThreads[I]); // % CloseHandle(hEvent); return 0; & : (Pipes) * ' :! CreatePipe BOOL CreatePipe( PHANDLE hreadpipe PHANDLE hwritepipe

15 ); LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lppipeattributes DWORD nsize " 0 ( NULL) buffers nsize==0 & handle ReadFile WriteFile (" ) % CloseHandle! ( ) - buffers 0 / + CreateNamedPipe CreateFile ConnectNamedPipe WaitNamedPipe ReadFile/WriteFile ReadFile/WriteFile DisconnectNamedPipe CloseHandle CloseHandle CreateNamedPipe - CreateNamedPipe 0 HANDLE CreateNamedPipe( LPCTSTR lpname DWORD dwopenmode DWORD dwpipemode DWORD nmaxinstances DWORD noutbuffersize DWORD ninbuffersize

16 ); DWORD ndefaulttimeout LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpsecurityattributes : lpname: # $ \\\pipe\%-& # «%-&» case insensitive dwopenmode: PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX ( ) PIPE_ACCESS_INBOUND ( ) PIPE_ACCESS_OUTBOUND ( ) dwpipemode: # ( / " bytes ) + CreateNamedPipe nmaxinstances: # + CreateNamedPipe noutbuffersize ninbuffersize: # buffers ndefaulttimeout: WaitNamedPipe + CreateNamedPipe lpsecurityattributes: 8 NULL handle ConnectNamedPipe $ ConnectNamedPipe BOOL ConnectNamedPipe( ); HANDLE hnamedpipe LPOVERLAPPED lpoverlapped & hnamedpipe handle ( CreateNamedPipe 0 lpoverlapped ConnectNamedPipe ( lpoverlapped NULL CreateFile CallNamedPipe ( ConnectNamedPipe ( CreateNamedPipe ) ConnectNamedPipe

17 ReadFile WriteFile DisconnectNamedPipe % DisconnectNamedPipe! ConnectNamedPipe BOOL DisconnectNamedPipe(HANDLE hnamedpipe); " - - CreateFile HANDLE CreateFile( ); LPCTSTR lpfilename DWORD dwdesiredaccess DWORD dwsharemode LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpsecurityattributes DWORD dwcreationdistribution DWORD dwflagsandattributes HANDLE htemplatefile & lpfilename \\%-4\pipe\%-& «%- 4» #! &! H CreateFile ConnectNamedPipe & ( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE WaitNamedPipe BOOL WaitNamedPipe(LPCTSTR lpnamedpipename DWORD ntimeout); & ( CreateFile) ms % WaitNamedPipe : - NMPWAIT_USE_DEFAULT_WAIT: ( ndefaulttimeout CreateNamedPipe) - NMPWAIT_WAIT_FOREVER: # " ReadFile WriteFile % handle CloseHandle

18 # 10 (tick count) ( /* Make with cl pipes1c user32lib */ #include <windowsh> #include <stdioh> main(int argc char *argv[]) char *szpipename = "TestPipe" szfullname[256]; HANDLE hpipe; int nclients nreps; if (1 < argc) szpipename = argv[1]; wsprintf(szfullname "\\\\\\pipe\\%s" szpipename); hpipe = CreateNamedPipe(szFullName PIPE_ACCESS_OUTBOUND PIPE_TYPE_MESSAGE PIPE_READMODE_MESSAGE NULL); if (NULL == hpipe) fprintf(stderr "Cannot create named pipe Error %ld\n" GetLastError()); exit(1); for (nclients=0; nclients<10; nclients++) ConnectNamedPipe(hPipe NULL); printf("connected to client\n"); for (nreps=0; nreps<10; nreps++) DWORD dwtime = GetTickCount() dwwritten; if (!WriteFile(hPipe &dwtime sizeof(dwtime) &dwwritten NULL)) fprintf(stderr "Error %ld writing data to pipe exiting\n"

19 GetLastError()); DisconnectNamedPipe(hPipe); CloseHandle(hPipe); exit(2); Sleep(200); DisconnectNamedPipe(hPipe); CloseHandle(hPipe); return 0; /* Make with cl pipes2c user32lib */ #include <windowsh> #include <stdioh> main(int argc char *argv[]) char *szpipename = "TestPipe" *szserver = "" szfullname[256]; HANDLE hpipe; DWORD dwtime dwread; if (1 < argc) szserver = argv[1]; if (2 < argc)

20 szpipename = argv[2]; wsprintf(szfullname "\\\\%s\\pipe\\%s" szserver szpipename); hpipe = CreateFile(szFullName GENERIC_READ 0 NULL OPEN_EXISTING 0 NULL); if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hpipe &&!WaitNamedPipe(szFullName NMPWAIT_USE_DEFAULT_WAIT)) fprintf(stderr "Cannot connect to named pipe Error %ld\n" GetLastError()); exit(1); while (ReadFile(hPipe &dwtime sizeof(dwtime) &dwread NULL)) printf("time read: %lu\n" dwtime); CloseHandle(hPipe); return 0; 4 Windows # : 41 # " ( ") 42 )

21 $ 32 bit + WM_MOVE (=0x0003) & wparam lparam # Windows WM_USER (+1 +2 ) 0 PostThreadMessage() ( GetMessage() PeekMessage() 0 PostThreadMessage Msg wparam lparam idthread BOOL PostThreadMessage( ); DWORD idthread UINT Msg WPARAM wparam LPARAM lparam PostThreadMessage - - "" USER GDI PeekMessage() GetMessage() PeekMessage() ( ) structure MSG # structure : typedef struct tagmsg MSG; HWND hwnd; UINT message; WPARAM wparam; LPARAM lparam; DWORD time; POINT pt; / hwnd pt # (message) (wparam lparam) (time) 0 GetMessage() BOOL GetMessage( LPMSG lpmsg

22 ); HWND hwnd UINT wmsgfiltermin UINT wmsgfiltermax 0 lpmsg struct MSG " # hwnd NULL # wmsgfiltermin wmsgfiltermax! " 0 GetMessage() / -1 1 WM_QUIT 0 - PeekMessage: BOOL PeekMessage( ); LPMSG lpmsg HWND hwnd UINT wmsgfiltermin UINT wmsgfiltermax UINT wremovemsg GetMessage() 0 wremovemsg : PM_NOREMOVE: # *lpmsg PM_REMOVE: # *lpmsg 0 PeekMessage() & 0 & /* Make with cl /MT sample16c user32lib */ #include <windowsh> #include <stdioh> #define THREAD_COUNT 5 #define MY_MESSAGE (WM_USER+1) DWORD WINAPI MyRoutine(DWORD nthread)

23 MSG msg; GetMessage(&msg NULL MY_MESSAGE MY_MESSAGE); printf("thread %d received message %u wparam = %ld lparam = %ld\n" (int)nthread msgmessage msgwparam msglparam); return 0; main(void) DWORD dwthreadids[thread_count] dwerror; int I; HANDLE hthreads[thread_count]; for (I=0; I<THREAD_COUNT; I++) hthreads[i] = CreateThread(NULL 0 (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)MyRoutine (LPVOID)I 0 dwthreadids+i); if (NULL == hthreads[i]) dwerror = GetLastError(); fprintf(stderr "Error %ld creating thread\n" (long)dwerror); return 1; Sleep(100); for (I=0; I<THREAD_COUNT; I++) PostThreadMessage(dwThreadIds[I] MY_MESSAGE I+2 3*I+5); WaitForMultipleObjects(THREAD_COUNT hthreads TRUE INFINITE); for (I=0; I<THREAD_COUNT; I++)

24 CloseHandle(hThreads[I]); return 0; ' : Thread 0 received message 1025 wparam = 2 lparam = 5 Thread 1 received message 1025 wparam = 3 lparam = 8 Thread 2 received message 1025 wparam = 4 lparam = 11 Thread 3 received message 1025 wparam = 5 lparam = 14 Thread 4 received message 1025 wparam = 6 lparam = 17 5 # 2 * * + )!" sleep () * )! (SIGTSTP) (!) " (SIGCONT)!! * * 51 Unix # ) 7 Process IDs pid 7 for loop fork() ( pid[i] i (0 N-1) ( ) ( " ) # SIGUSR1 wait() + " # "! 7-

25 ! " 0 kill() pause() / pause() + SIGUSR1 exit " - signal(sigusr1handler) handler SIGUSR1 $ SIGUSR1 handler ( ) SIGUSR1 / 6 % " process() &! process() exit() ( - fork() & exit() (exit_no)! & ( ) & sleep() " 0 sleep() ( ) 0 / pause() % $ pause() ( ) $ pause()

26 - 0 " " " ( ) # " # " $ sleep() ( ) " pause() " 7 for loop % read() write() wait(&status) 0 " status ( ) 8 " + #include <stdioh> #include <unistdh> #include <signalh> #include <stdlibh> #include <sys/typesh> #include <waith> /* ' handler SIGUSR1 - */ void handler(int sig_num) /* ' process # - ' exit & */ void process(int no) /* */ int exit_no=0; /* 4 & (# ) */

27 if(no%4==0) exit_no=no; /* signal + SIGUSR1 handler */ signal(sigusr1handler); printf("process number %d awaits for a signal\n"no); /* () -! */ pause(); /* % - */ sleep(1); printf("exiting from process %d\n"no); exit(exit_no); void main(int argc char *argv[]) int *pidnitempstatus; /* # & -$ */ if ( argc == 2 && argv[1][0]=='-' ) N = atoi(&argv[1][1]); else printf("usage : %s -N\n"argv[0]); exit(-1); /* % # process ids # - # */ pid = (int *)malloc(n*sizeof(int)); for(i=0; i<n; i++) printf("message from father : Creating process number %d\n"i); /* # pid */ if((pid[i]=fork())==0) process(i); /* - exit # # */ /* ' sleep # & */ sleep(1); printf("\ni am the Parent and I will now execute my children : \n"); for(i=0; i<n; i++) /*! SIGUSR1 process id pid[i] */ kill(pid[n-1-i] SIGUSR1); /* ' wait # - # exit number */ wait(&status); printf("process No %d (pid=%d) ended with code %d\n"n-1- ipid[n-1-i](status>>8));

28 printf("all of my children died so I commit suicide! Bye\n"); )! / 20 ( 20 ) " : Message from father : Creating process number 0 Message from father : Creating process number 1 Process number 0 awaits for a signal Message from father : Creating process number 2 Process number 1 awaits for a signal Message from father : Creating process number 3 Process number 2 awaits for a signal Message from father : Creating process number 4 Process number 3 awaits for a signal Message from father : Creating process number 5 Process number 4 awaits for a signal Message from father : Creating process number 6 Process number 5 awaits for a signal Message from father : Creating process number 7 Process number 6 awaits for a signal Message from father : Creating process number 8 Process number 7 awaits for a signal Message from father : Creating process number 9 Message from father : Creating process number 10 Message from father : Creating process number 11 Message from father : Creating process number 12 Message from father : Creating process number 13 Message from father : Creating process number 14 Message from father : Creating process number 15 Message from father : Creating process number 16 Message from father : Creating process number 17 Message from father : Creating process number 18 Message from father : Creating process number 19 Process number 17 awaits for a signal Process number 16 awaits for a signal Process number 15 awaits for a signal Process number 14 awaits for a signal Process number 13 awaits for a signal Process number 12 awaits for a signal Process number 11 awaits for a signal Process number 10 awaits for a signal Process number 9 awaits for a signal Process number 8 awaits for a signal Process number 18 awaits for a signal Process number 19 awaits for a signal I am the Parent and I will now execute (not kill) my children : Exiting from process 19 Process No 19 (pid=942) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 18 Process No 18 (pid=941) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 17 Process No 17 (pid=940) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 16

29 Process No 16 (pid=939) ended with code 16 Exiting from process 15 Process No 15 (pid=938) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 14 Process No 14 (pid=937) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 13 Process No 13 (pid=936) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 12 Process No 12 (pid=935) ended with code 12 Exiting from process 11 Process No 11 (pid=934) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 10 Process No 10 (pid=933) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 9 Process No 9 (pid=932) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 8 Process No 8 (pid=931) ended with code 8 Exiting from process 7 Process No 7 (pid=930) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 6 Process No 6 (pid=929) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 5 Process No 5 (pid=928) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 4 Process No 4 (pid=927) ended with code 4 Exiting from process 3 Process No 3 (pid=926) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 2 Process No 2 (pid=925) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 1 Process No 1 (pid=924) ended with code 0 Exiting from process 0 Process No 0 (pid=923) ended with code 0 All of my children died so I commit suicide! Bye $ $ " ( fork()) / ( ) " + 52 Windows

30 1 / 2 # Unix 21 # (signals) & (pipes) 3 # Windows 31 - (events) 32 & (Pipes) 4 # Windows / 5 / Unix 52 4 Windows