SPACE BASED SPACE SURVEILLANCE. Revolutionizing Space Awareness

Transcription

1 SPACE BASED SPACE SURVEILLANCE Revolutionizing Space Awareness

2 SBSS Mission Statement One team working together to deliver space surveillance capability that defends our nation and protects our families.

3 Messages We ve entered an era where space assets have an increasingly significant role in our nation s defense. Preservation and protection of assets is essential to ensure warfighter access to critical resources such as GPS, military communications, SBIRS, and more. Satisfying this objective requires Space Situational Awareness (SSA) which includes the ability to detect, track, and identify potential hazards in space. The growing quantity of space debris and space objects requires increased vigilance by enhancing our space surveillance capability with a new space-based sensor. With the dedication of our commercial and industrial partners, the Air Force stands ready to bring the first of its kind Space-Based Space Surveillance (SBSS) Block 10 system online. Once operating, SBSS will significantly enhance our current tracking capabilities with gimbaled surveillance technology and high sensor sensitivity and resolution. Simultaneously, it will improve detection timeliness through increased revisit rates of space objects. From the vantage point of space, SBSS brings a distinct advantage and capability which when integrated into the existing Space Surveillance Network will satisfy the Joint Force Component Commander s growing Space Situational Awareness needs. Congratulations to the collective team who s individual efforts have made this mission possible. On behalf of SMC, God speed and good luck. As more countries develop capabilities in space, and America s adversaries recognize our increasing dependence on space assets, the need for enhanced Space Situational Awareness (SSA) increases. Recent events have shown us that for the USAF, the ability to detect, track and monitor the movement and motives of objects in space is critical to protecting our nation s space assets. Boeing and Ball Aerospace are proud to deliver the only space-based sensor in the Air Force s Space Surveillance Network, providing aroundthe-clock visibility to detect distant space objects without interference from weather, atmosphere or time of day. Space-based sensors with 24-hour, all-weather, object-search capabilities are integral to the SSA architecture. Boeing s mission analysis has shown that a gimbaled space sensor, such as the sensor on SBSS Block 10, provides maximum capacity and coverage for this mission. These capabilities are essential to covering the increasing number of objects in space, as well as handling simultaneous events. Boeing has overall responsibility for the SBSS system including system integration, ground system, initial mission operations, and the onboard mission data processor, with Ball Aerospace providing the spacecraft bus and payload. The Boeing and Ball Aerospace team is committed to sustaining and advancing SBSS capabilities. Our congratulations to the entire team for executing within the Acquisition Program Baseline, for being ready to launch less than three years after the Critical Design Review, and for achieving this launch milestone. We look forward to the possibility of developing follow-on SBSS systems. John T. Sheridan Lieutenant General, USAF Commander Space and Missile Systems Center Craig Cooning Vice President & General Manager Space & Intelligence Systems The Boeing Company David L. Taylor President and Chief Executive Officer Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. Space Based Space Surveillance 2010

4 Team Roles and Responsibilities Boeing Company Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC) 1st Space Operations Squadron (1SOPS) Harris IT Services, Melbourne, FL Space & Intelligence Systems (S&IS), El Segundo, CA and Seal Beach, CA Mission System Operations, Colorado Springs, CO and Chandler, AZ Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. (BATC), Boulder, CO and Broomfield, CO MIT/Lincoln Labs, Boston, MA Space Superiority Systems Wing (SYSW) Space Development and Test Wing (SDTW) Orbital Sciences Corporation, Chandler, AZ Roles and Responsibilities Operational Tasking and Decision Making SBSS System Program Office Management SBSS System Planning and Acquisition Minotaur IV Launch Vehicle Program Office Management Launch Vehicle System Planning and Acquisition SBSS Satellite Operations SBSS Telemetry, Tracking, & Commanding (TT&C) Prime Contractor Program Management and Mission Assurance System Engineering and Integration Space Vehicle Mission Data Processing Hardware and Software Mission Engineering, Modeling and Simulation Launch Engineering and Integration Ground Segment Software and Hardware Development and Integration User Interface, TT&C, Infrastructure Software Mission Operations and Maintenance On-Orbit Initialization and Checkout Security and Blue Suit Transition Spacecraft Bus and Payload On-Orbit Initialization and Checkout Operations & Maintenance Support Satellite Command and Control Software (OS/COMET) Mission Planning Software Ground-Based Mission Data Processing Software Minotaur IV Launch Vehicle Launch Vehicle Development and Processing 1 Space Based Space Surveillance 2010

5 SBSS Quick Facts Customer United States Strategic Command, Joint Functional Component Command for Space. Timeline Award PDR CDR System Launch Complete Specifications and Salient Features Spacecraft Launch Mass: 1031kg (2277 lb.) Solar Arrays: Fixed with ITJ cells, 840W (EOL). Stabilization: 3-axis. Mission Life: 5.5 yrs mean mission duration; 7 yrs design life Orbit: 630 km, sun sync. Payload: Visible Sensor Large aperture with wide field of view. Very low noise payload electronics. Highly-agile 2-axis gimbal. Reprogrammable on-board and processor. Ground Satellite Operations Center located at Schriever AFB. SBSS Depot located at Boeing Colorado Springs, CO. Launch Site: VAFB, CA SLC-8. Minotaur IV with three Peacekeeper solid rocket stages. Commercial Orion 38 fourth stage motor. Mission Data Products Metric (positional data on Earth orbiting objects). Space Object Identification (SOI). Space Based Space Surveillance

6 Why the Nation Needs SSA The Need The United States is uniquely dependent on space, both economically and militarily. Space Situational Awareness (SSA) is critical to protecting U.S. freedom of action in space. Recent space collisions and near-misses highlight the critical need for heightened space situational awareness. We must cooperate with other nations and industry to improve this critical capability which is necessary to all those who operate in space. General Kevin P. Chilton Commander United States Strategic Command Limitations of Terrestrial Based SSA Coverage has exploitable gaps. Poor global coverage. Ground-based optical systems are limited to clear weather, night-time observations. Improved timelines required for emerging threats. Worldwide Space Capability Growth Access to space is increasing. Ability to operate in space is increasing. Need to track smaller objects. General Chilton provided this quote at the 5th Annual International Ilan Ramon Space Conference held in Herzeliya, Israel on 27 January Space Based Space Surveillance 2010

7 Mission Overview SBSS Mission Threads Provide timely detection, collection, identification and tracking of man-made space objects from deep space to low-earth orbits. Operate in conjunction with the Space Surveillance Network (SSN) to support spaceflight safety, ensure space catalogue completeness, warn of on-orbit separations and maneuvers, and provide indications and warnings in space. SBSS Mission Threads Mission Threads 1. Orbit Station Change 2. GEO Search 3. Neighborhood Watch 4. New Launch Handoff 5. Catalog Maintenance Warfighter Objectives Attain/maintain space order. Find/fix/track space objects. Enable threat determination and defensive strategies. Track resident space objects (RSOs) in deep space and near Earth. Provide position, maneuver detection, and space object ID data. Capabilities Provide all-weather, day and night, near real-time SSA data. Search for lost/unknown space objects in deep space. Collect metric and space object identification (SOI) data. Operational Effect Support intelligence preparation of the battlespace. Space Based Space Surveillance

8 Early Success Defines Need for SBSS MSX/SBV Fixed mounted sensor 15-cm aperture 900-km, ~sun-sync 8-hr/day duty cycle SBSS 2-axis gimbaled sensor Large aperture 630-km, ~sun-sync 24-hr/day duty cycle SBSS Delivers: Better Timeliness Better Sensitivity Increased Capacity Increased Orbit Accuracy 5 Space Based Space Surveillance 2010

9 SBSS System Capabilities Future with SBSS Freed from terrestrial limitations, SBSS provides unparalleled space observation capabilities. 24x7 on-orbit data collection and distribution gives combatant commanders increased revisit rates to high-interest resident space objects and potential threats. Improved sensor sensitivity enhances detection of faint objects including space debris vital information when lives hang in the balance. Improves probability of event detection by a factor of 3. Improves time-to-detect-maneuver by a factor of 3. Re-programmable software enables performance upgrade opportunities. SBSS Characteristics Unique Sensor Deep space sensor and low-earth capabilities 24 x 7 Operations High capacity High agility Wide field-of-view Multiple SOI modes Global coverage Responsive Ground System Rapid mission planning Prompt upload and execution Prompt data delivery to the warfighter Space Based Space Surveillance

10 Space Segment Ball Aerospace is responsible for the SBSS Block 10 Space Vehicle Development, manufacturing, integration and performance validation conducted in Boulder, CO. Bus: highly reliable configurable BCP Payload: Payload electronics with a dedicated payload processor control all payload functions, all LOS pointing and data collects. Highly agile, two-axis gimbal points the visible sensor. Visible Sensor: This includes a three-mirror anastigmatic telescope, a focus mechanism, a filter wheel with seven selectable filters, the focal plane assembly (FPA), an on-board calibration system, and integrated cyroradiators for passive payload cooling. Boeing On-Board Mission Data Processor (OBMDP) performs image processing to extract moving targets and reference star pixels to reduce the downlink size. Image Courtesy of Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. 7 Space Based Space Surveillance 2010

11 Ground Segment Boeing developed and maintains the ground segment. Satellite Operations Center located at Schriever AFB, and the 50th Space Wing, ultimately operated by the 1st Space Operations Squadron. The ground segment is the focal point for operational command and control of the SBSS system. It is responsible for all aspects of mission and space vehicle operations, including initial and ongoing on-orbit operations, maintenance, and anomaly resolution. Comprised of both dedicated and shared resources, the ground segment consists of the ground facilities, equipment, data processing, interfaces to communications, maintenance and logistic resources, training resources, simulation resources. It also includes all personnel necessary to support mission operations, space vehicle command and control (C2) operations, and space and ground segment engineering and analysis. Operationally, the ground segment provides the interface to receive mission tasking and SBSS operational direction, and to transfer requested observations, data, and system status to the requesting agencies. Ground Segment Space Segment The Satellite Operations Centers Highly Redundant Open Architecture Also Provides the Flexibility to Upgrade Functionality and Incorporate Current and Next-Generation Systems Space Based Space Surveillance

12 SBSS System Mission Assurance Mission Success: System design fully verified in flight-like environments prior to launch. System end-to-end testing completed before launch. SBSS meets specified system performance requirements with margin to meet user needs. Ready for launch less than three years after CDR and beat the Approved Program Baseline (APB). Achieved unsurpassed performance for recent DoD first article space program. Mission Assurance: Comprehensive SBSS reviews and controls ensured the system met requirements with high confidence. Implemented Boeing Gated Process to evaluate readiness to proceed to the next major milestone. Independent Mission Assurance assessment conducted inparallel with design, test, verification, sell-off, and operations readiness reviews. Ensured product integrity thru pro-active failure reviews utilizing Root Cause/Corrective Action process. Driven by integrated efforts of customer, program management, systems engineering, quality assurance, and everyone that contributes to customer deliverable products. SBSS Ready to Fly 9 Space Based Space Surveillance 2010

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14 Launch Segment SBSS Will Launch On the Minotaur IV Rocket Developed and Integrated By Orbital Sciences Corporation. Insertion orbit 540KM circ Predicted insertion accuracy ± 7KM insertion apse ± 25KM non-insertion apse ± 0.1 inclination Vehicle provided enhancements Class 10K conditioned air Nitrogen purge High capacity separation system Enhanced telemetry Program management and launch processing under the leadership of the Space Development and Test Wing in partnership with the 30th Space Wing. 11 Space Based Space Surveillance 2010

15 Launch Vehicle Heritage Orbital s Minotaur IV launch vehicle provides a low cost, high performance launch solution for US Government sponsored missions. Heritage Designs and Processes Over 50 flights for each of the 4 integrated motors. Subsystems maximize use of flight proven components common across Minotaur vehicles. Significant reuse of software and firmware from highly successful Minotaur fleet. Experienced integration and launch teams committed to test like you fly philosophy. Boosters 51 Launches (50 Successful) 14 Instrumented Developmental Launches Robust Weaponized Subsystems Unmodified GFE OBV 8 Launches (8 Successful) Demo in 13 Months from ATP Pegasus 40 Launches (37 Successful) Taurus 8 Launches (6 Successful) Minotaur I 8 Launches (8 Successful) Flight-Proven Components and Processes >110 Heritage Launches 95% Total Success Rate 100% Successful First Missions Minotaur II 8 Launches (8 Successful) Space Based Space Surveillance 2010 Minotaur IV SLV Components and Processes Highly Common with 100% Successful OSP Launch Vehicles Orion 38 Stage 4, >50 Launches, 100% Success Flight-proven Orbital Standard Avionics Components Taurus 92 in. Payload Fairing 12

16 Launch Sequence Diagram 13 Space Based Space Surveillance 2010

17 Launch Vehicle Mission Assurance Mission Success: The Minotaur IV program has benefited directly from common processes, procedures, test philosophy, and personnel from the Minotaur I and II programs. Flight hardware qualified to military and industry standards. Flight software rigorously tested through thousands of monte-carlo simulations as well as proprietary stress cases to ensure design robustness. Commonality in hardware and software specifications and designs across the fleet is assured through a central configuration control board chaired by the Minotaur Chief Engineer and the same Engineering Managers that oversee all the Minotaur products. Mission Assurance: Processes developed over several decades of launch vehicle development programs. Integrated early identification and mitigation of risks. Use of proven design standards and verification through multiple independent (TASC Inc., The Aerospace Corporation, Orbital) Mission Assurance reviews and assessments. Addressing unknowns and preventing escapes through Knowledge Based Engineering and Test as you Fly philosophy. Proactive supplier quality engagement. Use of LEAN Enterprise and variability reduction principles. Defect Analysis and Reduction Tools including root cause and corrective action effectiveness metrics. Executive level review and approval of deviations from standards and residual risk decisions. Space Based Space Surveillance

18 Post-Launch SBSS Mission Timeline System Vehicle Initialization & Checkout System Characterization & Calibration AFOTEC Testing SSN Trial Period AFSPC Ops Acceptance Mission Ops Launch L + 60 L L L L Space Based Space Surveillance 2010

19 SBSS in Operation Evolves SSN Adding Great Capabilities Sustaining the SSN capability and further improving its SSA performance is essential to address the increasing threat from objects in space. USAF is defining requirements for future spacebased SSA systems to address this increasing threat. Improved sensitivity, improved timeliness and increased capacity top the list of critical SSN needs. Software upgrades on the ground can reduce the impact of solar exclusion on target access six-fold and enable automated detection and self-tasking for specific events on selected objects such as maneuvers, multiple head counts, and uncorrelated targets. System is Flexible and Adaptable Software upgrades on the space vehicle, even after launch, can provide a significant improvement in the minimum detectable targets, enable autotracking on objects of interest, and further enhance system utility by refining operating modes. Future options can be employed individually or in combinations to significantly enhance the SBSS system operational performance. Enhance and Sustain National Space Situational Awareness Capability at the Lowest Technical, Cost, and Schedule Risk Space Based Space Surveillance

20 Abbreviations & Acronyms 1SOPS AFB AFSPC AFSCN ATP BATC BCP C2 CDR DoD EOL FOV FPA GCA GFE GPS GSE I/F ID IFOV IGN 1st Space Operations Squadron Air Force Base Air Force Space Command Air Force Satellite Control Network Authority To Proceed Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. Ball Configurable Platform Command and Control Critical Design Review Department of Defense End Of Life Field of View Focal Plane Array Guidance Control Assembly Government Furnished Equipment Global Positioning System Ground Support Equipment Interface Identification Instantaneous Field of View Ignition IIP Instantaneous Impact Prediction ITJ Improved Triple Junction JFCC Joint Functional Component Command JSpOC Joint Space Operations Center LL Lincoln Labs LOS Line of Sight LV Launch Vehicle MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MSX Mid-Course Space Experiment NGC Northrop Grumman Corporation OBMDP On-Board Mission Data Processor OBV Orbital Boost Vehicle OCN Operational Control Node OSP Orbital Suborbital Program P/L Payload PAM Payload Adapter Module PDR Preliminary Design Review PPF Payload Processing Facility RSOs Resident Space Objects RTS Remote Tracking Station S4 IGN Stage 4 Ignition

21 Abbreviations & Acronyms (Cont) S&IS SBIRS SBSS SBV SDTW SLC SLV SMC SOC SOI SSA SSI SSN SV SYSW TT&C USAF USN VAFB Space and Intelligence Systems Space Based Infrared System Space Based Space Surveillance Space Based Visible Space Development and Test Wing Space Launch Complex Space Launch Vehicle Space and Missiles System Center Satellite Operations Center Space Object Identification Space Situational Awareness Separation Systems International Space Surveillance Network Space Vehicle Space Superiority Systems Wing Telemetry, Tracking and Commanding United States Air Force Universal Space Network Vandenberg Air Force Base

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23 Notes

24 Symbol of Heritage The Howling Wolf, a symbol of dominance and strength, represents the mascot of the Space Superiority Systems Wing, which is responsible for acquiring SBSS for the USAF. The blue sphere represents the Earth; the yellow traces symbolize the orbit track of SBSS. The seven stars represent Pleiades, a well-known astronomical cluster, also known as the Seven Sisters. It is among the nearest star clusters and is probably the best known, as the SBSS mission will be to Space Situational Awareness. The #1 in the triangle represents one team Boeing, Ball Aerospace, MIT/LL, The Aerospace Corporation, Harris IT Services, and the USAF and SBSS first flight.