CLIMATE DATABASE PROJECT: A STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING INFORMATION ACCESS ACROSS RESEARCH SITES

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1 CLMATE DATABASE PROJECT: A STRATEGY FOR MPROVNG NFORMATON ACCESS ACROSS RESEARCH STES Donld L. Henshw U.S. Forest Service Pcific Northwest Reserch Sttion, 3200 SW Jefferson, Corvllis, OR Mryn Stubbs nd Brbr J. Benson Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Mdison, Mdison, W Kren Bker Scripps nstitution of Ocenogrphy, University of Cliforni-Sn Diego, L Joll, CA Drrell Blodgett Forest Soils Lbortory, University of Alsk, Firbnks, AK John H. Porter Deprtment of Environmentl Sciences, University of Virgini, Chrlottesville, VA Abstrct. To fcilitte intersite reserch mong the network of Long-Term Ecologicl Reserch sites, informtion mngers re exploring strtegies for linking individul site informtion systems. A prototype to provide climtic summries dynmiclly hs been developed nd serves s one model for improving ccess to dt cross sites. ndividul sites mintin locl climte dt in locl informtion systems while centrlized site continully updtes nd provides ccess to ll sites' dt through common dtbse. Common distribution report formts hve been estblished to meet specific needs of climte dt users. NTRODUCTON nformtion mngers ssocited with the Long-Term Ecologicl Reserch (LTER) progrm hve developed bsic foundtion for Network nformtion System (NS) with primry gol of fcilitting intersite reserch (Stfford et l. 1994). To ccommodte the needs of vrious intersite studies nd synthesis efforts within the LTER, it is criticl to develop dynmic systems for providing comprble dt from multiple LTER sites. mproving ccess nd dding query cpbility to intersite dt using network informtion servers is mjor component of current NS development (Brunt 1996). With ech site operting its own informtion mngement system, the LTER MS will employ vriety of strtegies in linking these individul systems (Porter et l. 1997). Climte meteorologicl dt re collected t ll LTER sites nd re the most frequently requested dt. Synthesis groups need redy-ccess to climtic summries from multiple sites. A NS prototype to provide climtic summries dynmiclly hs been developed nd serves s one model for improving ccess to dt cross sites. This pproch llows individul sites to mintin the locl climte dt in locl informtion systems while centrlized site continully updtes nd provides ccess to ll sites' dt through common dtbse. BACKGROUND A stndrds document developed by the LTER Climte Committee (Greenlnd 1986) estblished bseline meteorologicl mesurements to chrcterize ech LTER site. Stndrdized mesurements provide bsis for coordinting meteorologicl mesurements t two or more sites nd enble intersite comprisons. More recently, project to conduct climtic nlyses of the 123

2 LTER sites (CLMDES; gthered individul site temperture nd precipittion dt ( ) nd creted on-line monthly summries for ech site (Greenlnd et l. 1997). While the CLMDES project stisfied n immedite need for ccess to monthly site climte dt, the structure provided no method for mintining nd updting these summries or stisfying frequent requests for dily climte dt. Most of the LTER sites hd their climte dt vilble on the World Wide Web (WWW), but the dt sets were sometimes difficult to find nd were formtted nd ggregted differently t ech site. The NSF-funded XROOTS ( edulimaroots/clim.htm) project requires intersite climte dt to synthesize belowground productivity using root biomss dt from multiple sites. The ide tht distribution of dt in report formts menble to users independent of the dt storge formt ws explored in n XROOTS climte workshop (Bledsoe et l. 1996). Two monthly distribution report formts were recommended to ccommodte both spredsheet (V- One, i.e., twelve monthly vlues for one vrible per record) nd dtbse (V-Mny, i.e., one monthly vlue for mny vribles per record) users (See Tble 1). OVERVEW As prt of the LTER nformtion Mngers' MS development, the LTER climte dtbse project (C1imDB) hs developed prototype for hrvesting dily climte dt in stndrdized exchnge formt using the WWW from subgroup of LTER sites. The hrvested dt re stored in centrlized reltionl dtbse. Climte vribles include dily minimum, mximum, nd men ir temperture nd dily precipittion. Applictions hve been developed initilly to generte the two XROOT monthly distribution formts using this centrlized dtbse of dily vlues. Additionlly, webpge ( hs been creted to provide ccess to the dily nd monthly climte dt s well s to permit query by LTER site, wether sttion, nd dte. SPECFC EXCHANGE AND DSTRBUTON FORMATS Ech of the five sites prticipting in the prototype development process provided climte dt files in stndrdized dily exchnge formt t n nternet ddress (URL). For this model, the site files could be either sttic or produced by dynmic script. A comm-delimited formt ws greed upon fter discussions reveled the diversity of pproches, opinions, nd needs mong sites. For instnce, dte cn be stored s single 8-chrcter field, comm seprted, or Julin dy designted. t is importnt to note there is not one "right" exchnge formt. The primry criteri require tht individul sites "filter" locl site dt into the exchnge formt. The stndrdized dily exchnge formt greed upon is s follows: Site, sttion, dte, vluel, flgl, vlue2, flg2, vlue3, flg3, vlue4, flg4 where, site the three-letter LTER site code sttion tht site's nme for the wether sttion dte 8-chrcter field, yyyymmdd vluel, flgl men ir temperture nd corresponding flg vlue2, flg2 mximum ir temperture nd corresponding flg vlue3, flg3 minimum ir temperture nd corresponding flg vlue4, flg4 precipittion nd corresponding flg S us 124

3 All temperture vlues re reported in degrees Celsius nd precipittion in millimeters. Ech vlue hs corresponding dt qulity flg where flgs re coded s follows: G or blnk vlue is good vlue E vlue is estimted Q vlue is questionble M vlue is missing T trce vlue (for precipittion only) Here is brief exmple of the dily formt from the Andrews Forest (AND) site's Primry Meteorologicl Sttion (PRMET) ligned for redbility: AND, PRMET, , ,Q, ,T AND,PRMET, , , Q, , AND,PRMET, , , AND,PRMET, , , AND,PRMET, , 4. 8,E, 7. 4,E, 2. 7,E,,M AND,PRMET, ,5.7,E, 9.7,E,1.3,E,,M Dily climte dt from ll sites re hrvested utomticlly from the locl sites using simple script clling the WWW line mode browser. An exmple of the hrvest commnd line for the Andrew's Forest climte dt is: www -n -source >nd.dt Dt re stored in reltionl dtbse t the centrlized site. [Note: Currently, the prototype is using the Orcle dtbse mngement system nd the centrlized site is the North Temperte Lkes LTER Site. Eventully the ClimDB project will move to the LTER Network Office, nd the reltionl dtbse softwre my chnge.] Appliction progrms produce two monthly distribution tbles (See Tble 1). A webpge llows the user to query for dily dt in ddition to providing the two monthly tbles. Monthly summry vlues re displyed long with the number of vlid dily vlues included in the summry. Missing nd questionble vlues re excluded from summry vlues. Listing the number of vlid dt vlues used in clculting monthly vlue gives the user some ssurnce bout the vlue's ccurcy nd represents vluble ddition to ny distribution formt. METADATA Every meteorologicl sttion will be described in centrl metdt dtbse. An entityreltionship digrm (See Figure 1) shows the proposed schem for the metdt dtbse. The metdt dtbse is currently being developed in OrcleTM. LTER-site-level informtion, individul sttion descriptions, nd specific mesurement documenttion form the three mjor entities. Stndrdized web forms will be used to collect this informtion from prticipting sites. Metdt term definitions will be mde vilble on the centrl webpge. Metdt will be criticl for intersite studies in evluting key differences in site descriptions nd methodology. 125

4 Tble 1. Exmples of the two monthly distribution tbles (V-One nd V-Mny) re shown for the Andrews Forest (AND) site's Primry Meteorologicl Sttion (PRMET). The "#" indictes the number of vlid dily vlues (including estimted vlues) tht were used in clculting the monthly summry vlue. V-One. V-One displys one vrible per tble nd is primrily intended for use in spredsheets. These two bbrevited exmples show men monthly ir temperture nd totl precipittion. AND PRMET Avg_men_ir_temp_c Yer Jn # Feb # Mr # Apr # My # Nov # Dec # AND PRMET Totl_precip_mm Yer Jn # Feb # Mr # Apr # My # Nov # Dec # V-Mny. V-Mny displys mny vribles per tble nd is primrily intended for use in reltionl dtbses. This exmple includes ll four prototype vribles of monthly men, mximum, nd minimum ir temperture nd totl monthly precipittion. AND PRMET Yer Month Men # Mx # Min # Ppn # 1991 Jn Feb Mr Apr Figure 1. Proposed schem for the metdt dtbse LTER NETWORK PROPOSED METEOROLOGCAL METADATA SCHEMA LTER,STE_L EVEL STATON_LEVEL WHAT MEASURED LEVEL LTER_CODE CLMATE_CONT ACT DATA_C ONT AC T QUALTY_ASSURANCE RELATED_STATONS COMM EN1S D--1 LTER_CODE STATON_CODE LATTUDE LONGTUDE TOPOGRAPHY STATON DESCRPTON SURFACE TYPE EXPOSURE WND_ EXPOSURE STATON_STARTDATE STATON HSTORY LTER_CODE STATON _CODE WHAT_M EASU RED BEGN_D ATE LCG_N7ERVAL SU MMARY_NTERVAL NSTRUM ENT_H EGHT OBSERVATON_METHOD NSTRUMENT TYPE CA LB RATON_HSTO RY MEASUREMENT_HSTORY 126

5 CONCLUSONS With n incresing focus on intersite ctivities within the LTER progrm, the LTER nformtion Mngers re developing Network nformtion System to fcilitte intersite reserch. This LTER NS prototype for climte dt will serve s model for other intersite dt set integrtion efforts. The pproch llows for the diversity in informtion mngement systems cross the LTER network. Dt sets re distributed cross multiple sites, but re ccessible in common distribution formts from centrl site. Specilly formtted distribution reports hve been estblished to meet specific needs of climte dt users, but the design is extensible in tht it permits updte with dditionl formts s the need rises. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The uthors would like to cknowledge contributions from the North Temperte Lkes LTER site (DEB ) for prticipting in the development of this prototype nd for supporting the centrlized dtbse nd web pges. Contributions from the H. J. Andrews Experimentl Forest (NSF grnt DEB ), the Bonnz Creek Experimentl Forest (DEB ), Plmer Sttion (OPP ), nd the Virgini Cost Reserve LTER (DEB ) sites re lso recognized for prticipting in the development of this prototype. LTER sites re funded ll or in prt by the Ntionl Science Foundtion. We lso wish to cknowledge the efforts of Croline Bledsoe for her strong support nd continued interest in this project. LTERATURE CTED Bledsoe, C., J. Hstings, nd R. Nottrott Xclimte workshop. Dvis, CA. Brunt, J. W Developing n LTER network informtion system for the 21st century J n96.htm Greenlnd, D., T. Kittel, B.P. Hyden, nd D.S. Schimel A climtic nlysis of Long-Term Ecologicl Reserch sites. Greenlnd, D Stndrdized meteorologicl mesurements for Long-Term Ecologicl Reserch sites. Bulletin of the Ecologicl Society of Americ 67: temetedulim/climte/stndrd86.htm Porter, J., D.L. Henshw, nd S.G. Stfford Reserch metdt in Long-Term Ecologicl Reserch (LTER). Proceedings of the Second EEE Metdt Conference. Silver Spring, MD. _ppers.html Stfford, S.G., J.W. Brunt, nd W.K. Michener ntegrtion of scientific informtion mngement nd environmentl reserch. Pges 3-19 in W. K. Michener, J. W. Brunt nd S. G. Stfford editors. Environmentl informtion mngement nd nlysis: ecosystem to globl scles. Tylor & Frncis, Bristol, PA. 127

6 Dt nd nformtion Mngement in the Ecologicl Sciences A Resource Guide Edited by Willim K. Michener, John L Porter, nd Susn G. Stfford Published by The Long Term Ecologicl Reserch Network Office Deprtment of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque This publiction should be cited s: J.H. Porter, nd S.G. Stfford Dt nd inforrnlion mngement in the ecologicl sciences: Michener, resource guide. LTER Network Office, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM.

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