risks in the software projects [10,52], discussion platform, and COCOMO

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1 CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE AND SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE 1.1 Overview of the system Service Oriented Architecture for Collaborative WBPMS is a Service based project management Software [83]. The web services have been developed for all the phases of software development life cycle [48]. The web services exchange information amongst themselves and all the phases of software project management are synchronized information collected from one phase is passed on to the other phases without any difficulty and hence synchronization of the project under development is traced easily [61]. It consists of 3 roles customer, developer and project manager. Here one person can have many roles and each role have different access rights. Customer can send his requirements to project manager [49]. Project manager create project and add developers to it. Project manager do scheduling of project and assign tasks to developers. Developers build different modules based on customer requirements and scheduling done by project manager. After completion of project manager deploy it at customer side and take its feedback. In this process developers can follow and unfollow projects. Other modules in this research are schedulers; add project module, invite people module, risk management template its important to provide the risk management classes to the software engineering students so that they can overcome and handle the risks in the software projects [10,52], discussion platform, and COCOMO calculator. There are two schedulers in this research work personal scheduler and common scheduler. Using personal scheduler, developer can check his

2 tasks project wise and using common scheduler he can see other s tasks. Only project manager can add and assign tasks. The web services are hosted on a remote server purchased by Godaddy.com a USA based firm. A shared hosting server has been purchased for my research work and all the web services and the database is hosted on that server. This research development is designed using the Agile Methodology of SDLC and software developement. Microsoft Azure is used for deployment of the cloud services that have been created. The Azure Cloud Platform was suitable for the deployment of the web services that were created because the software that is developed is using the Microsoft visual studio Azure platform. Agile Methodologies have been designed such that they impact the performance of the project and it also improves with the involvement of Agile Software methods of development [22]. Due to azures easy scalability platform it is easy to scale the research work for N number of users using the software for project management. The web services that are created are deployed on the cloud platform. The Microsoft windows azure offers Platform as a service, which is required for the deployment of the web services. The Azure database as a service is used for the deployment of the database on to the azure platform. The projects have defects and they should be handled and the risk involved while developing the software project should be reduced [75]. With the help of windows azure platform as a service the research has good scalability as now the companies need not worry about the load that they have to manage using their servers now all the services are hosted onto the cloud the resources are highly scalable and easy to use as cloud is having Pay as you Go model its easy for the software development companies to scale their

3 requirements for managing more project when there is peak load as all the services of project management software are deployed on the cloud. The Service Oriented Architecture for Project Management covers all the phases of the project management software all the phases are services each service plays a different role in the software as the services are cloud based the workload on the services can be increased depending on the peak load time period [50]. The software engineering experience factories have been in use for a long time to store and manage experiences from software projects, typically in large organizations [26]. 1.2 Brief Description This research work mainly mains at providing web services for project management software all the phases starting from client registration, requirement gathering are designed as a web service. This software will collect information form all the key-value people involved in the project. This software will provide means of communication to all the key-value people involved in the project so that all the conversation that take place for the project are managed at a central location so as to keep track of the conversations that take place on a particular project and also message passing is provided for instant conversation. It is important to have a track of product development for long time and also a system which will monitor the ongoing product development in the company [31]. The object oriented software projects the OO metrics Information will become highly usable across the industry there will be huge requirement of efficient The Object Oriented information exchange metrics for IE and PM. For which the recruitment and

4 deployment of highly qualified staff is important while running a software project [14]. Figure 1.0: Software Development Lifecycle All these activities have been implemented using web services, which are deployed on the local web server as well as the remote web server. The implementation can be deployed on the cloud servers also. Windows azure is used to implement the various web services for this research work all the web services exchange information wherever required. Inter web service communication is implemented in this software. The requirement gathering stage in this software collects requirements from various stakeholders involved in the project also collects information from the client whose project is under development. Requirement gathering plays a vital role in the project development is the requirements are not properly understood then the software that will be developed will not be accepted by the client what ever the client says has to be recorded and needs to be implemented by the company accordingly. While developing the public safety software its important to have the GPS location and the GIS system information so that emergence situations can be handled [15]. Software projects that are developed for the client need to be implemented as the requirement specification document says if the requirement specification document is not prepared by the requirement team

5 members properly then it is likely that the other phases of the project will be affected by it and the final outcome of the development will not be satisfactory by the client so it is important to keep the team members working on a common goal of the project and to collect all the requirements from the client whose project is under development. This research project will capture all the requirements from the various stakeholders and put it in a database the tools that will be used to capture the requirement are six-hat thinking and brainstorming, Soft skills are also important while teaching software engineering so that we get a practical experience about project management, supervision quality control and decision making [16]. All the information will be collected and maintained on a central server where the various stakeholders can access it according to their privileges. The problem identification the software engineering approach which is viable on the SOA using the EXPTCOCOMO where the defects from the SOA project can be easily sorted and analyzed [32]. The next phase in software engineering is the design phase this is also a critical phase where the design should be selected properly for example the waterfall design model or the agile model which model will be used to design the software under development. The design analyst will be responsible to select the appropriate design model of software engineering to implement the clients project. The model will be selected and also in this phase the cost estimation of the project will be done using the COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model) using this model the exact cost of the project will be taken out using the formulas of the COCOMO model. The equations for the COCOMO model is as follows which is actually used for the calculation of Cost for a given project

6 Effort Applied (E) = a b (KLOC) b b (Man Months ) Development Time (D) = c b Effort Applied) db ( Months) People Required (p) = Effort Applied / Development Time (Count) Here the KLOC is the estimated number of delivered lines of code for the project under consideration [86]. The CMM and CMMI models are being used in the SDLC process and the evolution of SDLC development since The collaboration using the World Wide Web in software development [3]. Also the Intermediate COCOMOs have been implemented in my research project to calculate the cost of the project. It will calculate the Effort Applied for the clients project and the development time required for implementing the project and the people required for implementing the project. Intermediate COCOMO computed the software development time and efforts as this value of program cost and a set of cost estimation software utility tools that include individual evaluation of the products, hardware and software personals that are required to be involved in the project development attributes. Based on a characterization of the business, the software product subject to migration towards software product line engineering and the goals and backgrounds of the SPLE initiative integration with the system engineering costing and pricing models [27]. The COCOMO model is implemented in my research project which actually calculated the efforts that are required in this project and the usage of the resources effectively and efficiently to produce the desired result. The man-hours that will be included in the project under development and the resources those are required in this project. The project execution depends upon the usage criteria of the resources that is used for development of the software project.

7 COCOMO model has three classes of projects organic Software projects Which include small team working on small projects where the requirements are not very high and data is easily accessible the second type is Semi- detached projects which includes medium teams with a bit of high requirements and with mixed experiences on the various fields of the project and on mixed development experience in this type of projects the requirement is of the mixed type not very high and not very low requirement the most critical part is the requirement which is the important component of effective software engineering [17]. The third type if the Embedded projects in this type the requirements and the schedules are really tight and all the steps have to be implemented in the project management software the total SDLC should be followed in this type of projects. from 0.9 to 1.4. The table 1 below shows the IM- COCOMO model table. The IM- COCOMO model has also been incorporated in my research project. I have implemented the intermediate COCOMO model which does cost estimation of the software also the resource utilization and the man hours exactly required in the software project the execution time that will be important for the project and the software resources that will be mandatory for the software project to be implemented are calculated using the Intermediate COCOMO model it helps data analysis and calculation of the exact values of the resource utilization and time required to execute the project work. The technological forced multi-project management system in SE is important most of the multi-project are lack of adequate resources due to which there is a drop in the project its important to manage such activities [41]. It is used to calculate the software development efforts that will be required while executing the software project under development its uses the cost drivers that will be used while designing the software project which includes subjective assessments of the software product, people catering in the

8 organization of the PMS extraordinary project implementation features and there implementation on the ongoing developement. The current research trend in PMS development concerns the origin of new technique to deal intelligently and effectively with the plan of composite and spread systems that are able to evolve overtime and adopt to rapid changes of their requirement [18]. It also involves other important attributes such as the product under development reliability, size of the database size of software outcome under development and the difficulty of the software outcome which are all grouped under the common roof called the Product Attributes the other attributes that are involved are Hardware attributes which includes the projects run time performance constraints which is very important so that the product that is developed is giving the desired output in allocated time and the performance should not be affected by the other external factors. The E-learning system is also important to software engineering students as they can collaborate with other students online from different geography and exchange information on similar project [19, 66]. The next is the memory constraint if the product that is developed occupies huge amount of memory which is not required then there will be a shortage of memory so to keep the system up and running the memory usage should also be checked regularly. The software product that is built should have virtual environment support that is it should run on the virtual machines so that the end user can work on multiple jobs simultaneously with out breakdown of your system. The personal attribute is also one of the main attribute in the COCOMO model which actually affects the development of the software product which involves software engineering capability, application experience and virtual environment deployment and usage experience the programming languages that are required by the developers should also be easily understood by the development team members which is also an important attribute of

9 the system. The other attribute of the intermediate COCOMO model is the project attribute it involves the following usage of the software gears, Solicitation of software engineering approaches and required software development schedules should be met accordingly so that the end user who has ordered the software project to be made to a company completes it in scheduled time period. The Capability Maturity Model CMM is important while learning software engineering. Teachers who are teaching software engineering should focus on CMM and the ISO model used for software development [21]. The CMM based software risk control and management is also important while designing the software engineering project management tool [70]. All these parameters and the attributes have been taken care in my research project under the module which actually calculated the COCOMO values of these parameters and the attributes are the input to this calculations. The intermediate COCOMO and the COCOMO model have been implemented so if any software development company requires this module I have implemented it as a web service and this web service can be invoked from any where all the web services have various functions. There are two web services which I have written one is for the Plain COCOMO and the other web service is an extension to the Plain COCOMO and which extracts and uses information from the plain COCOMO and calculates the Intermediate COCOMO values and the effort and man hours required in the software project to be built. The minitrack IT/Project management is used to provide collaboration and information exchange and management of the software projects and provide the IT resources when needed by the software project engineers [33]. The Web services that have been built can communicate which each other and also exchange information as and when required with each other information is

10 actually flowing from all the phase of SDLC in the software research project which I have developed the user interfaces are different and also can be customized according to the clients requirement but the web services can be invoked and information will be exchanges from all the phases of the SDLC. The code overlapping and development is also being a major area of rapid software development most of the code that is developed today is reused in some cense or the other this overlapping and code collection can reduce the time required for development of the software project and product [34]. The various phases have different information which is stored on the MSSQL database server the data is extracted all the information that is required to calculated the COCOMO values is stored on the MSSQL database server online the web services access this information and calculate the effort and the man hours that are required. The OO model of software engineering provides the software reusability which is a key factor to RAD system do to which the time required for development of the project can be reduced [42]. There is a web service which also calculates the function point of the projects this is also a web service which accepts user inputs and finally displays the function point of the software project under development [43], The function point web service can be invoked from any server or any machine and can work on various UI designs developed by various companies. Its Important that all the phases of software development can exchange information as and when it is required. Using the Composite The most valuable and efficient SE framework which co-relates the enhancement of SD which helps to solve all the issues related to the project requirements. Which ultimately will lead to the success of software engineering project. the other aspect is the Performer the various stakeholders who are involved in the design and development of the project will imply the complexity of the system

11 software requirement [35]. The project requirement buffer should be created to manage software engineering projects [73]. Knowledge management is also important in project management so that the teams having different knowledge can communicate with each other and exchange their ideas and knowledge and fasten the project development activity [69]. Table 1.1: Intermediate COCOMO model Table 1.2: Coefficient Factor

12 The function point analysis has been implemented in the research project the function point analysis can be calculated for each project and the information about the function point analysis will be stored on the central server location the software engineering function point analysis is calculated. The Five Major Components 1. Exterior Inputs (EI): This is a important process in which the data marks from outdoor to indoor that is number of inputs given to the system. As the research project is having number of web services then inputs are given to the web services and the web service will calculate the number of inputs. Figure 2 shows the External Inputs (EI). External Input (EI) ILFA (Internal Logical Files) ILFB (Internal Logical Files) Figure 1.1: shows the External Inputs (EI) 2. External Output (EO) : This is a process in which data moves from inside to outside as shown in figure 3. EO ILFB (Internal Logical Files) Derived Data ILFA (Internal Logical Files) Figure 1.2: External Output

13 3. External Inquiry (EQ): In this process the data flows from interior the software involved in the logical building of various features and the system interacting outside which it connections implies the inside logical systems of the users. 4. Interior Logical System Files: The data is maintained inside the data and code segment which holds the logical data files and the internal structure of the internal logic 5. External Interface Files (EIF s) In this the external interface files that are required to communicate are maintained 1.3 Statement of the Problem The title of the project is A Research on Service Oriented Architecture for Collaborative Web Based Project Management Software. The problem statement is that provide the collaborative platform for Software Development Life Cycle [SDLC] and implement web service for each phase of software development lifecycle. The Research project A Research on Service Oriented Architecture for Collaborative Web Based Project Management Software [83] is an attempt to provide a common platform for all the stages of Software development. The aim to design software which can meet all the demands of Creating Software. Many types of software already exist in the world which provides assistance at different stages of project development. But a problem commonly observed is the communication of the components of the project at different stages. Project Collaboration is also important where each member of the team can collaborate and exchange ideas and documents as and when required [45]. This research software is able to assist the developers in this department greatly along with the individual stage support. As all the stages of

14 software development lifecycle are implemented as web services it is now flexible to invoke different phases of software development easily. Managing of system necessities and system construction is a part of any software engineering project. but some times its tedious and error prone TRAM is a tool developed to bridge this gap of system requirement and system architecture [36]. 1.4 Applying Software Engineering Approach In our project we have used Agile model for software development. Using the Agile model for the design and development of the software project was really intuitive as we can add and deleted and modify the different phases of the software project as and when required this method was very useful in the development of the project. The critical chain management based on heuristic algorithm is very much useful in management of the software engineering projects [40]. The agile methodology is really flexible and we can add modules in between as an when required without getting involved in the breakdown of the software project. I finally decided to use the agile software development model for making this project [37,39]. The different models used in software engineering do not communicate with each other and most of the software engineering projects do not take full advantage of the different models used in the software engineering there for its important to develop an method actually uses the Software process engineering meta model which is compliant with software development methodologies [74].

15 1.5 Literature review In This chapter I have collected information from various Journals, magazines, websites and patents for Service Oriented Architecture for Collaborative Web Based Project Management [83]. Some of the references that I have collected are as follows: 1. Literature Survey for Agile development methodology 2. Literature Survey on Project Management System 3. Literature Survey on Cloud computing 4. Literature Survey on COCOMO Cost Estimation Model 5. Function Point Analysis The literature survey for various topics in my research thesis have been done in this chapter. Information has been collected from various sources. Some of the Literature is as follows which was collected from various Journals. The Project Management Maturity its important and an assessment of the project capabilities is also a critical part of a software project under development [38]. Cloud Computing is also helping in extending the features of software engineering and project management with its pay as you go model its important to now make project management software cloud ready so that it can suite the requirements of the cloud users and developers and collaboration can extending of software can be done easily without worrying about the infrastructural growth and extending features in the software project [44].

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