Evolution of Broadband Satellite Architecture to Full On-Board Processing System. Payam Maveddat Wireless Solutions Richardson, Texas
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1 Evolution of Broadband Satellite Architecture to Full On-Board Processing System Payam Maveddat Wireless Solutions Richardson, Texas
2 Presentation Outline About Nortel Networks Market Dynamics Role of Satellite Evolution vs. Revolution Satellite Multimedia Evolution Path Summary 2
3 Corporate Profile Nortel Networks works with customers worldwide to design, build, and deliver telephony and IP-optimized networks. Customers include: public and private enterprises and institutions; Internet service providers; local, long-distance, cellular & PCS communications companies; cable television carriers; satellite operators; and utilities Focused on superior value for the customer 3
4 The Unified Network Brings It All Together Unified Network defined: Brings together the world s disparate telephony and data networks Optimized for both service providers and enterprise customers Significantly reduces network costs and enables the delivery of new services Corporate Data Networks Public Data Networks Unified Networks Corporate Telephony Public Telephony Networks Networks 4
5 Dynamics of Broadband Access Market Pent up Demand for xdsl, Cable Modem, and LMDS Operators: GTE, NorthPoint, Metricom, Advanced Radio Telecom, Teligent, WinStar, Manufacturers: Nortel Networks, Lucent, Alcatel, Intel, Broadcom, Copper Mountain, Newbridge Networks, Large Carriers Acquiring Cable Companies to Provide Broadband Access AT&T buy out of Media One and TCI ISPs and New Operators Looking to Alternate Means of Providing Access to Users AOL Investment in SpaceWay & DirecPC for Satellite Access Teligent and WinStar using LMDS Utility Companies using power lines 5
6 Satellites Traditional Role Original use for point to point TV distribution (Telstar) Evolved into trans oceanic telephony trunking (Intelsat) Step out into thin route telephony (Spade and Domsats) 6
7 Satellites in Broadcast Satellites always have been good at broadcast (wide area coverage) First application was for narrow band messaging Lower cost ground segment invoked a DTH role and a data broadcast role Data broadcast (Equitorial) in C Band preceeded two way VSATs in Ku Band 7
8 Direct-to-Home Key element is the availability of low cost receivers in the home unit RF technology benefited from standards in EIRP from the satellite driving a standard receiver package Analogue broadcasts were not susceptable to diverging standards. Used existing TV standards Introduction of digital TV drove the need for a standard 8
9 Digital TV First roll out in North America used a propriatory technology (Hughes Direct TV) Europeans were more active in promoting a common standard DVB/MPEG2 (SES Astra) North Americans now realising the benefit of this standard (EchoStar, Express-Vu) A manufacturing community exists in support of DVB/MPEG (Philips et al) 9
10 Two Way VSATs Takes advantage of the wide area coverage Often bundled with a business TV application. Some benefits from a standardised RF system. Standard satellite EIRP and interference environment (1.8m package) Suffered from a lack of a digital standard Proprietary FEC coding, modulation, MAC layer and transmission rates 10
11 Multimedia Satcom (Revolution or Evolution) Revolution Much hype from the revolutionaries (Teledesic, Celestri, Skybridge, Astrolink) Revolutionary in orbits, technology, cost models or investment needs Rationalle based on lower delay, increased capacity, applications (mesh) or combinations of these. Clear role in the future for LEO based overlays delivering symetrical bandwidth for highly interactive applications. Also attractive for 3rd generation mobile (FPLMTS) 11
12 Multimedia Satcom (Revolution or Evolution) But Ignores the role of Regional Satellite Systems Doesn t fit the profile of early applications (high assymetry, multicast) Promotes proprietory air interfaces Ignores the synergy with existing Digital Broadcast system Carries a heavy negative cash flow prior to any revenue production. 12
13 Multimedia Satcom (Revolution or Evolution) Evolution Builds on existing broadcast standards Evolves incrementaly with greater sophistication at each stage Incremental to current DBS infrastructure Builds on Direct to Home consumer equipment Creates a new market community based on standards that converge broadcast with two way communications Services the assymetrical and host based application areas. A natural access to the Internet Complementary to future LEO based broadband systems 13
14 Service Evolution Path 5 Major Steps DirecPC/Astra-Net (1997) Advanced Return Channel System (ARCS) with Ka Band piggy back payload (1999) ARCS On Board Multiplex with limited downlink flexibility (2001) Fully switch OBP system (2002) LEO Overlay ( ) 14
15 Stage 1 DIGITAL DBS AND DirecPC / ASTRA-NET (ISP) 15
16 Stage 2 ARCS WITH KA BAND PIGGY BACK PAYLOAD SPACE TECHNOLOGY - Ku BAND DBS PAYLOAD - BENT PIPE Ka BAND PAYLOAD GROUND TECHNOLOGY - 60 cm DUAL BAND TERMINAL Ka BAND TRANSMIT Ku BAND RECEIVE - MPEG-2 DECODER / DEMUX - MF-TDMA MODULATOR CARD WITH 144 Kbs TO 2 Mb/s RETURN - MF-TDMA MULTICARRIER HUB DEMODULATOR - MF-TDMA CONTROLLER / SCHEDULER - IP & ATM HUB SWITCHING HIGH POWER DBS Satellite + Ka Band Payload SERVICES - BROADCAST TV - NARROWCAST TV -PAY PER VIEW (MORE CHOICE) DATA BROADCASST - INTERACTIVE TV (LIMITED FUNCTION) - INTERACTIVE DATA (ASSYMETRICAL LINK) -IP MULTI CASTING - WEB DISTRIBUTED CONTENT (MAIN HUB) (REMOTE HUB) 16
17 Advanced Return Channel Systems Asymmetric broadband service across a region 38 Mbps to user 2 Mbps from user Cost-effective access with small dish size Application-oriented architecture Open system design Internet & ATM Networks PSTN Applications Hub DVB Satellite with Return Channel Payload MF- TDMA Ground Segment Access Segment Small Office Access Units Enterprise Access Units LAN MPEG DVB Superior approach to provide broadband services for regional satellite operators & broadcasters 17
18 System Architecture Overview Dependent Remote Hub Dependent Remote Hub Antenna (Receive) Ka Ka ASTRA Constellation Space Segment Diversity Antennas (Receive) External Networks: Internet, ISPs, ESM Main Hub Reference Reference SIT SIT (Vertical) (Horizontal) Ku Ka Primary Antennas (Transmit and Receive) Ku Ka SIT SIT Hosts Hosts Ground Segment Autonomous Remote Hub Reference Reference SIT SIT (Vertical) (Horizontal) Ku Ka Autonomous Remote Hub Antenna (Transmit and Receive) User Segment SIT User SITs Hosts 18
19 ARCS Features IP Access Network Bandwidth-on-demand IP Multicast Efficient Reliable Secure Access Redundancy: Carrier Grade High Capacity Low Cost Terminals Evolution to IP-QoS and ATM 19
20 Return Channel Hub Elements ARCS Hub System Other Networks Remote Hubs TM ATM/IP Router IP Control Server FLSS Scheduler RLSS Hub Manager Diversity 20
21 ARCS Access Portfolio IDU ODU High reliability, hig performance enterpris full portfolio Totally new price performance paradigm relative to VSAT - competitive with ANY terrestrial solution Minimal out of the b assembly and configuration facilit broad deployment Unobtrusive antenna designs lowers community resistance 21
22 Satellite Interactive Terminals (SIT) Ka Ku Power Supply Unit Antenna Subsystem Transceiver Inter- Facility Link Network Interface Unit User Interface Unit Ethernet Interface Mechanical Subsystem Packaging ODU IDU 22
23 Indoor Unit Block Diagram Network Interface Unit User Interface Unit IFL to ODU M ultiplexer MF-TDMA Modulator DVB Receiver Satellite Access Interface Traffic CMF IP/ATM to Ethernet Control & Monitoring Ethernet Interface LED Indicators Indoor Unit Packaging DC Power Supply Unit AC 23
24 ARCS Air Interface Standardization Satellite Return Channel air-interface specifications are under standardization at the ETSI-DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) group, DVB-RCS Ad-Hoc Group. The baseline for the proposed standard is the RCS airinterface specification developed by ESA/ESTEC group (Eutelsat, Hispasat, Telenor, Telesat, Teracom, SES- Astra). The DVB-RCS Ad-Hoc Group is chaired by Nortel Networks and the vice-chair is from Philips 24
25 Air Interface: Return Link Multiple Access: MF-TDMA Modulation and Channel Coding: Quadrature Phase Shift Key (QPSK) modulation with a combination of concatenated channel coding (an inner convolutional coding with various encoding rates and an outer Reed- Solomon Forward Error Correcting (FEC) coding) Medium Access Control (MAC) Scheme: CF-DAMA (Combined Free Demand Access Multiple Assignment) Burst Structure: Typical bursts will be composed of up to 4 cells with fixed cell size of 53 bytes (Migration to ATM in the future) 25
26 Air Interface: Return Link (MF - TDMA) Time Common Signaling Channel (CSC) Burst Traffic Burst (TRF) Synchronization & Acquisition (SYN) Burst Time Frequency Payload Parity f 1 f 2 f 3 f 4 f 5 f 6 f 7 f 8 Frequency SIT Type I (150 Kbps) SIT Type II (384 Kbps) SIT Type III (2048 Kbps) 26
27 Air Interface: Forward Link Standard IP & ATM over DVB ETSI EN : Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB specification for data broadcasting, 1998 The Forward Link carries a multiplex of ARCS traffic and signaling. Includes Service Information (SI) to describe all streams on the forward link. 27
28 Forward Path Signaling Protocol Stack General SI Tables (MPEG-2 table format) Terminal Specific Messages (DSM-CC private data format) SPT SCT TCT TBTP TCM TIM Private Section MPEG-2 TS DVB-S SPT: Satellite Position Table SCT: Superframe Composition Table TCT: Time-Slot Composition Table TBTP: Terminal Burst Time Plan TCM: Terminal Correction Message TIM: Terminal Information Message 28
29 Stage 3 Stage 3 - ARCS ON-BOARD MULTIPLEXER WITH LIMITED DOWNLINK SPOT BEAMS SPACE TECHNOLOGY - SPOT BEAM DBS PAYLOAD - SKYWEB MUX/Router GROUND TECHNOLOGY - 60 cm DUAL BAND TERMINAL Ka BAND TRANSMIT Ku BAND RECEIVE - MPEG-2 DECODER / DEMUX - MF-TDMA MODULATOR WITH 2 Mb/s RETURN - Ka BAND TRANSMITTER <1w - SIGNALLING HUB CONTROLLER / SCHEDULER ADVANCED DBS Satellite + SKYMULTIPLEX SERVICES - BROADCAST TV - NARROWCAST TV - PAY PER VIEW (More Choice) - DATA BROADCAST - INTERACTIVE DATA (Assymetrical Link) - SINGLE HUB REMOTE TO REMOTE - DESK TOP VIDEOCONFERENCE - MESHED CONNECTIVITY (MAIN HUB) (REMOTE HUB) 29
30 Architectural Attributes Two Tiered Resource Management Centralized Resource Allocation at NCC Distributed Real Time Resource Management (CAC, MAC, BOD) at Gateways Support of Least Cost Routing between CPEs and Gateways Centralized Subscriber Management Functions Billing, Authentication, Registration Service Transportability (Virtual Home Environment) Support of Lawful Interception Support of a Variety of Terrestrial Interfaces B-ISDN, PSTN, IP, Management Databases 30
31 Communications services Connectivity : CPE <--> Gateway : single hop, full beam-to-beam connectivity (least cost routing) CPE <--> CPE : double hop, full beam-to-beam connectivity Gateway <--> Gateway : terrestrial (if needed) NCC <--> Gateway : terrestrial inter-cc network NCC <--> CPE : via Gateway Quality of Service : ATM class 1, BER : 1 x Availability : 99.5 %, call blocking : 1 to 3 % Services : ATM IP IP multicast 31
32 Air interface GW CPE Beam 1 GW Beam 1 CPE Beam 2 GW CPE Beam 2 Beam 3 Beam 3 32 F/TDMA d F/TDMA u TDM u TDM d
33 Stage 4 Stage 4 - SPACE TECHNOLOGY DBS SATELLITE - SPOT BEAM DBS PAYLOAD - SUPER SKY MULTIPLEXER -DVB DOWNLINK SWITCHED ATM SATELLITE - TWO WAY MULTIBEAM Ka BAND PAYLOAD - ATM BASED SWITCH - MULTI-CARRIER DEMUX / DEMOD - HIGH SPEED DOWNLINK GROUND TECHNOLOGY - 60 cm DUAL BAND TERMINAL Ka BAND TRANSMIT / RECEIVE Ku BAND RECEIVE - MPEG-2 DECODER / DEMUX - ATM INTERFACE - HIGH SPEED TERMINAL DEMOD FULLY SWITCH ATM BASED OBP SYSTEM ADVANCED SKYMULTIPLEX DBS SATELLITE FULLY SWITCHED OBP SATELLITE SERVICES - BROADCAST TV - NARROWCAST TV - PAY PER VIEW (More Choice) - FULL DATA SERVICES - INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA (Video / Graphics Based) - VIDEO CONFERENCE - CITIZENS BAND T.V. - INTERNET (HIGH SPEED) - FULL TELCO SWITCHED SERVICES 33
34 Stage 5 Stage 5 - ADVANCED SKYMULTIPLEX DBS SATELLITE 34
35 Summary Demand for Broadband Access Satellite as another Alternate Access Vehicle Ambiguity in Market Place Reduce investment requirements Technical Glitches in Recent Mobile Systems Simplicity the key Commercial Problems of Recent Satellite Programs Avoiding premature obsolescence Evolutionary and Standards-based Approach to Broadband Multimedia via Satellite Most Appropriate Technique for Cost and Time-to-Market 35
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