Magdalena Sajdak*, Borja Velazquez-Marti* Estimation of pruned biomass through the adaptation. of Sophora japonica

Transcription

1 Ochron Śroowsk Zsobów Nturlnych nr 9, r. Mglen Sjk*, Borj Velzquez-Mrt* Estmton of prune bomss through the ptton of clssc enrometry on urbn forests: cse stuy of Sophor jponc Oszcowne lośc ścętej bomsy w oprcu o ptcję metoy klsycznego pomru rzewostnu w zelen mejskej n przykłze Sophor jponc Key wors: urbn forest, resul bomss, renewble energy, source of lterntve energy, boenergy. Słow kluczowe: zeleń mejsk, boms opow, relcje llometryczne, równn objętośc, boenerg. Ilość mejskego rewn pochozącego z opercj cęć pelęgncyjnych jest potencjlne użym, newykorzystnym źrółem bomsy, któr mogłby brzej zncząco przyczynć sę o regonlnej krjowej bogospork nż m to mejsce obecne. Lepsze wykorzystne bomsy rzewnej z mejskch terenów zelonych rekrecyjnych orz obszrów przemysłowych, stnowącej boplwo o wytwrzn cepł energ. Mogłoby to zmnejszyć presję n lsy orz zmnejszyć koszty skłown opów n pozome loklnym orz regonlnym. Określene lośc mejskej bomsy rzewnej, stworzene kompleksowej bzy nych n temt chrkterystyk enrometrycznej, poznne zleżnośc pomęzy postwowym prmetrm rzew loścą uzysknej bomsy uznno z cel tego bn. Wynk loścowe rzewnej bomsy opowej uzysknej z rocznych cęć pelęgncyjnych gtunku Sophor jponc są przestwone w prcy zgone z rozjem prktyk stosownych cęć. Drewno stnowło 59,97% ogólnej msy mterłu pochozącego z cęć pelęgncyjnych prze procesem suszen, wlgotność rewn w stne śweżym wynosł,88%, śren lość suchej bomsy uzysknej z pojeynczego rzew wynosł 8,7 kg. Moele regresj zostły zstosowne o przewzen wg suchej bomsy uzysknej z pojeyncze- * MSc. Eng. Mglen Sjk, Dr. Borj Velzquez-Mrt Deprtment of Rurl n Agrfoo Engneerng Unvers Poltecnc e Vlenc, Cmno e Ver s/n. 6 Vlenc, Espñ. mgsj@posgro.upv.es, borvemr@mt.upv.es 7

2 Mglen Sjk, Borj Velzquez-Mrt go rzew. Istotne zleżnośc zobserwowno pomęzy loścą bomsy orz śrencą n wysokośc perśncy w wysokośc R =,6. Anlz wskzuje, że znczące lośc bomsy opowej pochozącej z opercj cęć pelęgncyjnych gtunków ozobnych mogą być wykorzystywne o osągnęc celów ekologcznych energetycznych. Ponto, przestwon metoolog tworzy nrzęze o lepszego przewywn zysków, prcy w terene orz zrzązn logstycznego n przyszłość.. INTRODUCTION Urbn forests n cty prks re potentlly bunnt source of woo bomss. Due to the lck of nformton on the vlblty n chrcterstcs of urbn woo resul bomss, proper mngement of ths vluble mterl s not populr n the renewble energy sector. Currently muncpltes py sgnfcnt vlues for mntennce of urbn green spce n few processes re pple to offset these expenses [McKeever, Skog, Sol Wste ]. Most of urbn woo wste bomss s not further processe n lns up n lnflls [McFrlne 7]. A new n comprehensve pproch to wste mngement n urbn forests n cty prks coul contrbute to locl n regonl economes [McFrlne 9]. Moreover, the lck of precse nformton on the quntty n qulty of the rw mterl s well s bsc enrometrc chrcterstcs of speces n relton wth potentl bomss cretes brrer to the rtonl use of ths mterl. Sophor jponc L. lso known s Styphnolobum jponcum n Pgo Tree s speces n the subfmly Fboe of the pe fmly Fbcee. Sophor jponc s ntve to estern As n populr speces n lmost ll Europe. Rechng up to 5 m n heght, cultvte s ornmentl or she tree n streets, cty prks n towns often ccompnes the Robn, wh hs very smlr ppernce. It s pprecte for flowerng n lte summer fter most flowerng trees hve fnshe, ts resstnce to col, s well s het n ryness [López González ]. Due to ts beutful eep green colour folge, tht s not ttcke by nsects n the vntge over Robn to gve enser she t s wely use n urbn zones [De L Torre ].. MATERIAL AND METHODS.. Fel stuy The stuy re s locte n Mslt, cty of the est of Spn n the provnce of Vlenc. The proceure of trl consste on rnom selecton of muncpl street of ense cr n peestrn trffc n nvuls of Sophor jponc prune uner unform toppng type of prunng prctce. Prevously to crry out prunng opertons, the entfcton of the selecte nvuls ws performe. Followng t were etermne: 8

3 A totl of nvuls of Sophor jponc wth meter t brest heght between.8.cm, crown meter between m, stnce from sol to the crown between Estmton of prune bomss through the ptton of clssc enrometry m n totl tree heght between 7.. m were exmne. All smple trees were prune. ech Tree yer t: uner meter unform t brest toppng heght type (t of prunng. m heght), prctce. crown Ths meter, type of prunng stnce from conssts of sol removng to the crown, the mjor totl tree prt heght. of the cnopy from the tree n levng mostly brnch. Tree mngement nformton: te n type of lst prunng opertons. stubs [Mchu 987]. A totl of nvuls of Sophor jponc wth meter t brest heght between To mesure.8. trunk cm, meters crown meter trtonl between lumnum cllper m, stnce ws use, from sol for crown to the crown meter be-tween.8.7 n for m the n heght totl tree Vertex heght IV between hypsometer. 7.. Once m prunng were exmne. opertons All ene, smple the tpe mesure, trees were prune ech yer uner unform toppng type of prunng prctce. Ths type of resul bomss ws forme n bunles n weghte by mens of ynmometer. Weght prunng conssts of removng the mjor prt of the cnopy from the tree n levng mostly mesurements brnch stubs were [Mchu crre 987]. out n fel contons. Smples of woo were put nto smll plstc contners To mesure n orer trunk to meters etermne trtonl mosture lumnum content cllper lbortory ws contons use, for crown n obtn meter tpe mesure, n for the heght Vertex IV hypsometer. Once prunng opertons ry mtter results. Evoluton of the ryng process ws crre out n two types of contons: ene, the resul bomss ws forme n bunles n weghte by mens of ynmometer. open-r ryng Weght wth mesurements verge temperture were crre.ºc out n n fel reltve contons. humty Smples.%, of woo stove were ryng put wth temperture nto smll plstc 5 º C. contners In both cses, n orer to ly etermne recor mosture of results content ws me n lbortory untl the contons stblzton n obtn of weght. ry mtter Severl results. brnches Evoluton of of ech the ryng smple-tree process were ws efolte crre out to n etermne two types of the contons: open-r ryng wth verge temperture.ºc n reltve humty.%, percentge of folge n woo mss. Smple brnches were collecte for further stove ryng wth temperture 5 º C. In both cses, ly recor of results ws me untl enrometrc the stblzton clcultons. of weght. Severl brnches of ech smple-tree were efolte to etermne the percentge of folge n woo mss. Smple brnches were collecte for further enrometrc clcultons... Denrometrc nlyss of the brnches The enrometrc nlyss s focuse on evelopng methos to clculte the ctul volume of ny structure of the tree... From Denrometrc ths result, the nlyss bomss of cn the brnches be estmte by multplyng the ensty by the volume. For ths, morp coeffcent f (lso clle form fctor) ws stue. The enrometrc nlyss s focuse on evelopng methos to clculte the ctul Morp volume coeffcent of ny structure f s efne of the s tree. the rto From between ths result, the the ctul bomss volume cn be of estmte brnch n by multplyng moel the ensty volume by clculte the volume. from For ths, bse morp meter coeffcent n length f (lso (Equton clle form ). The fctor) moel ws geometrc stue. Morp coeffcent f s efne s the rto between the ctul volume of brnch tht prove the form fctor closer to efne better the shpe of the brnch, n hence, t n geometrc moel volume clculte from bse meter n length (Equton ). The ws selecte moel tht for prove ctul volume the form estmtons. fctor closer to efne better the shpe of the brnch, n hence, t ws selecte for ctul volume estmtons. Actul volume of the nlyze structure f () () Moel volume Therefore, form fctor llows etermnng the volume of ny structure by mesurng the Therefore, bsl meter form fctor n llows length. etermnng The form fctor the shoul volume be of ny prmeter structure chrcterstc by mesurng of the the speces n meter clss. However, for ech test performe t ws etecte sttstcl vrblty. Becuse of ths, the men n sperson for ech cse were etermne. bsl meter n length. The form fctor shoul be prmeter chrcterstc of the speces Actul volume etermnton ws crre out on smple brnches of Sophor jponc tht were collecte fter prunng opertons n the selecte smple trees. These t 9

4 n meter clss. However, for ech test performe t ws etecte sttstcl vrblty. Becuse of ths, the men n sperson for ech cse were etermne. Actul volume etermnton Mglen ws crre Sjk, out on Borj smple Velzquez-Mrt brnches of Sophor jponc tht were collecte fter prunng opertons n the selecte smple trees. These t were consere to obtn bsc t for the evelopment of reltonshps between the mensons were consere to obtn bsc t for the evelopment of reltonshps between the mensons of brnches of n brnches ther volume. n To ther clculte volume. the To ctul clculte volume the of ctul brnch, volume ths ws of ve brnch, ths ws nto severl ve equl nto severl sectons equl wth the sectons length of wth the cm, length such s of the Fg. cm, such nctes s the [Lopez Fg. nctes [Lopez Serrno Serrno, Velzquez, Velzquez et l., et West l., 9]. West The volume 9]. ws The clculte volume ws by the clculte by the followng equtons (Tb. (Tb. ). ). 5 6 Fg. Mesurements of meters n ech ntervl Fg.. Mesurements of meters n ech ntervl Rys.. Pomry śrency kżego ocnk Rys.. Pomry śrency kżego ocnk Tble. Sectonl volume formule Tbel. Równn objetośc Tble. Sectonl volume formule Tbel. Równn objetośc Volume formule Volume moel V h Volume R r formule R r Volume of truncte cone Volume moel V h R where R ( R r) / Smln s formul V = π h ( R + r + R r) Volume of truncte cone V h Volume of cylner Where V = R s π the h mjor R rus, R where r = s ( the R + mner r) / Smln s formul rus, h s the length of ntervl, s the meter V The totl ctul = π h Volume of cylner volume of the brnch ws obtne from the sum of volumes of ll sectons (Equton ). Where R s the mjor rus, r s the mner rus, h s the length of ntervl, s the meter. V rel V () The totl ctul volume of the brnch ws obtne from the sum of volumes of ll sectons To clculte (Equton the ). moel volume of the brnch the volume of the followng sols of revoluton ws nlyze: cone, cylner, prbolo n neolo (Tb. ) [Husch et l. ]. () V rel = V To clculte the moel volume of the brnch the volume of the followng sols of revoluton ws nlyze: cone, cylner, prbolo n neolo (Tb. ) [Husch et l. ].

5 R ( R r) / R ( R r) / R ( R r) / Estmton of prune bomss through the V ptton of h clssc enrometry... V h V h V h Tble. Equtons to compute volume of sols of revoluton Tbel. Równn wykorzystne o oblczen objętośc V V brył obrotowych Moel type v h R r R r h R r R r Volume moel h v V h R V h R Cylner v h Prbolo v v R R h ( R r) / ( R r) / r) h v V h v V h hh Cone v h v h Neolo v v h h v h h Where v s the volume moel, v s the bse v meter h of hbrnch, h s the heght of the v h v.. Resul bomss precton h CD CD CD CD moels Apprent volume of tree crown ws relte wth the bomss obtne from prunng v h v h CD CD CD CD v 8 h v 8 h 8 CD CD CD CD Growth moels Volume moel CD Cone CD CD Prbol CD CD CD 8 8 Semsphere CD CD CD brnch, wh hs been mesure for ech nvul of the smple. opertons. The pprent volume of tree crown ws etermne usng smple mesurements tken t fel: crown meter, totl tree heght n heght from sol to the crown. From these t, three sols of revoluton (cone, prbolo n semsphere) were pple for volume clculton. It s ssume tht growth moels of tree crowns resemble the form of semspherc, prbolc n concl growth (Tb. ) [Deguez et l. ]. Tble. Growth moels Tbel. Moele wzrostu

6 heght, crown meter n totl tree heght. Mglen Sjk, Borj Velzquez-Mrt. RESULTS AND SUMARRY The results of quntfcton of the resul woo bomss obtne from pru Where s the crown volume, CD s the crown meter, s the crown heght. of Sophor jponc re presente. The results re shown ccorng to the top Regresson moels were lso clculte to prect the mount of resul bomss from prunng opertons prunng of Sophor prctce jponc pple. from The smple proceure mesures of such prunng s meter ws hel t brest every yer. The f heght, crown meter n totl tree heght. type of prunng opertons hve key nfluence on the quntty of the mter [Drénou 6]. Compre smple trees re chrcterse wth men meter. RESULTS AND SUMARRY 7.8 cm, men crown meter 6.95 m, men heght from sol to the crown totl heght. m. In ths work coul be note tht woo forme 59.97% o The results of quntfcton of the resul woo bomss obtne from prunng opertons of Sophor jponc re presente. The results re shown ccorng to the toppng type of prunng prctce pple. The proceure of prunng ws hel every yer. The frequency n ll prune mterl before ryng. The rest.% of weght ws forme by l mosture content ws.88% n wet bss. The men n sperson obtne type of prunng opertons hve key nfluence on the quntty of the mterl prouce [Drénou 6]. Compre smple trees re chrcterse wth men meter t brest heght 7.8 cm, men crown meter 6.95 m, men heght from sol to the crown.5 m n men smple trees nlyze ccorng to the quntty of resul bomss obtne w totl heght. m. In ths work coul be note tht woo forme 59.97% of totl weght of ll ry woo bomss per tree n stnr evton.5 kg. Fg. shows the v mosture content urng the evluton of the ryng process crre out n bot prune mterl before ryng. The rest.% of weght ws forme by leves. Woo mosture content ws.88% n wet bss. The men n sperson obtne comprng ll smple trees nlyze ccorng to the quntty of resul bomss obtne were 8.7 kg of ry ryng n convecton ryng contons. It s observe tht the mnmum mo woo bomss per tree n stnr evton.5 kg. Fg. shows the vrton of mosture open-r ws obtne fter 6 ys n n stove ryng contons fter ho content urng the evluton of the ryng process crre out n both open-r ryng n convecton ryng contons. It s observe tht the mnmum mosture content n open-r ws results llow clcultng the mount of ry woo bomss obtne from prun obtne fter 6 ys n n stove ryng contons fter hours. Dry mtter results llow clcultng the mount of ry woo bomss obtne from prunng opertons. Humty (%) Dys Fg.. Dryng curves Fg.. Dryng curves Rys.. Krzyw wysychn Rys.. Krzyw wysychn.. Brnch form fctor Tble shows the results of men n stnr evton vlues of the brnch obtne for fferent moels. From these vlues, the ctul volume of ech br

7 Estmton of prune bomss through the ptton of clssc enrometry..... Brnch form fctor Tble obtne shows from the results smple of mesures men n such stnr s bse meter evton n vlues length. of the The brnch moel tht form prouce fctors obtne form fctor for fferent closer to moels. ws the From cylner. these vlues, Ths moel the ctul represente volume the of best ech ft brnch to chrcterze the cn be obtne from smple mesures such s bse meter n length. The moel tht ctul volume. prouce form fctor closer to ws the cylner. Ths moel represente the best ft to chrcterze the ctul volume. Tble. Men vlues n stnr evton of form fctor of Tble. Men smple vlues brnches n of Sophor stnr jponc evton of form fctor of smple brnches of Sophor jponc Tbel. Wrtośc śrene ochylene stnrowe czynnk Tbel. Wrtośc ksztłtu próbek śrene głęz ochylene Sophor jponc stnrowe czynnk ksztłtu próbek głęz Sophor jponc Rel volume Rel volume Moel volume Moel volume Smln Smln Trunce Trunce cone cone Cylner Cylner ƒ ƒ σ ƒ σ ƒ ƒ ƒ σ ƒ σ ƒ ƒ ƒ σ ƒ σ ƒ Cylner,57588,57588,96885,96885,575,575,965,965,656,656,6797,6797 Cylner Prbolo,6765,977,,999,9,589,6765,977,,999,9,589 Cone Prbolo,7757,886656,7,8876,8686,58 Neolo,85,7757,885,886656,89,7,8987,8876,589,8686,67787,58 Cone Where ƒ s the men form,85 fctor, σ,885 s the stnr,89 evton.,8987,589,67787 Neolo Where ƒ s the men form fctor, σ s the stnr evton... Regresson moels for the precton of resul bomss Regresson.. Regresson moels were moels clculte for the to precton the of mount resul of resul bomss bomss from nnul crown Regresson rsng prunng moels opertons were clculte of Sophor to prect jponc the mount from smple of resul mesures bomss such from s nnul meter t crown brest rsng heght, prunng crown opertons meter n of Sophor totl tree jponc heght. from The best smple result mesures s presente below. such s meter t brest heght, crown meter n totl tree heght. The best result s presente below. ) Reltonshp between bomss n meter t brest heght: ) Reltonshp between bomss n meter t brest heght: B ( kg).9 bh 5. bh 9.9 ; R =.68 Where B s the bomss obtne from prunng opertons, bh s the meter t Where B s the bomss obtne from prunng opertons, bh s the meter t brest brest heght (cm). A reltonshp between quntty of bomss n meter t brest heght (cm). A reltonshp between quntty of bomss n meter t brest heght s observe n heght the qurtc s observe moel. n the Ths qurtc vrble moel. prove Ths the vrble best prove ft, wth the vlue best of ft, wth R =.6, wht vlue nctes of R =.6, goo wht explntory nctes power goo for explntory prectng bomss; power for prectng bomss; ) Bomss clculton ) Bomss from clculton crown meter from crown n meter heght, n n meter heght, n t brest meter heght. t brest heght. In ton, regresson moels for prectng resul bomss were teste from combntons of the prmeters such us meter t brest heght, crown meter, totl tree In ton, regresson moels for prectng resul bomss were teste from combntons of the prmeters such us meter t brest heght, crown meter, totl tree heght n heght n stnce from sol to the crown. The best result s shown n the followng stnce from sol to the crown. The best result s shown n the followng equton. Although ws obtne hgher R vlue (R =.65), the combnton of these prmeters not mprove sgnfcntly the precton moel obtne from only the meter t brest heght:

8 Mglen Sjk, Borj Velzquez-Mrt equton. Although ws obtne hgher R vlue (R =.65), the combnton of these prmeters not mprove sgnfcntly the precton moel obtne from only the meter t brest heght: B ( kg ) H H.58 bh bh.. H H H DC H;. DC; where B s the bomss obtne from from prunng (kg), (kg), H s H the s tree the tree heght heght (m), (m), s stnce stnce from Where sol to the B s crown the bomss (m), CD CD s obtne s crown from meter, prunng bh bh s the (kg), s meter the H meter s the t brest tree t brest heght heght (cm). (m), (cm). s stnce from sol to the crown (m), CD s crown meter, bh s the meter t brest On the other hn, precton moels moels clculte clculte from from the pprent the pprent volume volume of the of crown the crown were were heght (cm). lso lso nlyze. As observe n Fg., there s low lner reltonshp between the concl On the other As hn, observe precton n Fg. moels, there clculte s low lner from reltonshp the pprent between volume of the the concl crown volume moel n the mount of ry bomss obtne from prunng (R =.78). The sme volume were lso moel nlyze. n the As mount observe of ry n bomss Fg., there obtne s low from lner prunng reltonshp (R =.78). between The sme the concl result s volume obtne moel wth prbolc n the volume mount moel. of ry A bomss mnor fference obtne s observe from prunng the result s obtne wth prbolc volume moel. A mnor fference s observe (R n the =.78). The semspherc sme result volume s obtne moel. These wth results prbolc emonstrte volume moel. low nterepenence A mnor fference between s observe n semspherc volume moel. These results emonstrte low nterepenence between the mentone semspherc prmeters. volume moel. These results emonstrte low nterepenence between mentone prmeters. Dry bom ss (kg) Dry bom ss (kg) 5 5 y =,86x +,5 R =,78 y =,86x +,5 5 R =, Concl volume moel (m) Dry bomss (kg) 5 y =,5x +, R =,99 y =,5x +, R =, Semspherc volume moel (m) Fg.. Regresson Concl moel volume presentng moel (m) ry bomss versus concl n semspherc volume moel Dry bomss (kg) Rys.. Moel regresj suchej bomsy w zleżnośc o wykorzystnego moelu stożkowej półkolstej Fg... Regresson moel moel presentng presentng ry bomss ry bomss versus versus concl concl n semspherc n semspherc volume moel volume moel objętośc Rys... Moel regresj regresj suchej suchej bomsy bomsy w zleżnośc w zleżnośc o wykorzystnego o wykorzystnego moelu stożkowej moelu półkolstej stożkowej objętośc. CONCLUSIONS półkolstej objętośc The nlyss nctes tht sgnfcnt mount of resul bomss orgntes from prunng. opertons CONCLUSIONS of Sophor jponc, n ths. CONCLUSIONS cn be use to cheve ecologcl n energy trgets. The The totl nlyss beneft nctes of recoverng tht utlzble sgnfcnt bomss mount from of resul urbn woo bomss wste orgntes s the cost voe from prunng opertons The nlyss plus the mrket of Sophor nctes vlue for jponc, tht the bomss. n sgnfcnt Knowlege ths be mount n use blty to of cheve resul to foresee ecologcl bomss the vlblty n orgntes energy from of trgets. prunng opertons of Sophor jponc, n ths cn be use to cheve ecologcl n energy trgets. The rw totl mterl beneft gves of the recoverng possblty utlzble to mplement bomss long-term from nvestments urbn woo n wste to ntrouce s the cost urbn voe plus woo The the resul mrket totl bomss beneft vlue for of s recoverng the relble bomss. n utlzble noteworthy Knowlege bomss source n blty from of renewble urbn to foresee woo energy the wste or vlblty lterntve s the cost of rw voe mterl. plus gves the mrket the possblty vlue for to the mplement bomss. long-term Knowlege nvestments n blty n to foresee to ntrouce the vl- urbn woo blty From resul of n rw envronmentl mterl bomss gves s pont relble the of vew, possblty n the noteworthy ncrese to mplement recyclng source long-term of of recovere renewble nvestments urbn energy woo n or lterntve to ntrouce resul urbn bomss woo cn resul be seen bomss postve s evoluton relble becuse n noteworthy t les to source rw mterl. ncensement of renewble of the energy or lterntve rw mterl. totl volume of CO store s woo-bse proucts, enlrgng the lfe-cycle of the fxe From n envronmentl pont of vew, the ncrese recyclng of recovere urbn woo crbon n the new recycle proucts. resul bomss cn be seen s postve evoluton becuse t les to ncensement of the totl volume of CO store s woo-bse proucts, enlrgng the lfe-cycle of the fxe crbon n the new recycle proucts. 5 5 Semspherc volume moel (m)

9 Estmton of prune bomss through the ptton of clssc enrometry... From n envronmentl pont of vew, the ncrese recyclng of recovere urbn woo resul bomss cn be seen s postve evoluton becuse t les to ncensement of the totl volume of CO store s woo-bse proucts, enlrgng the lfe-cycle of the fxe crbon n the new recycle proucts. Due to the contnung expn of urbn ln, the ncresng expnson of urbn forests s prectble. Tkng nto ccount resons of sfety, esthetcs n ncresng envronmentl wreness the cse of ths stuy s foun logcl n justfe. REFERENCES DE LA TORRE, J. R.. Árboles y rbustos e l Espñ pennsulr. Econes Mun- Prens. DIEGUEZ ARANDA U., BARRIO ANTA M., CASTEDO DORADO F., RUIZ GONZALEZ A. D., ALVAREZ TABOADA M. F., ALVAREZ GONZALEZ J. G., ROJO ALBORECA A.. Denrometr. Econes Mun-Prens. DRENOU C. 6. L po e los árboles ornmentles. Econes Mun Prens. HUSCH B., BEERS T.W., KERSHAW J. A. Jr.. Forest Mensurton. John Wley & Sons, INC. LOPEZ GONZALEZ G. A.. Guí e los árboles y rbustos e l Penínsul Ibérc y Bleres. Econes Mun-Prens. LOPEZ SERRANO F. R., GARCIA MOROTE F. A., DEL CERRO BARJA A.. Dsometr cenc e l mecón forestl. Populr Lbros. Mc FARLANE D.W. 7. Quntfyng urbn sw tmber bunnce n qulty n southestern Lower Mchgn, U.S.A. Arborculture n Urbn Forestry (): 5 6. Mc FARLANE, D. W. 9. Potentl vlblty of urbn woo bomss n Mchgn: Implctons for energy proucton, crbon sequestrton n sustnble forest mngement n the U.S.A. Bomss n boenergy : Mc KEEVER D. B., SKOG K. E.. Urbn tree n woo yr resues nother woo resource. Reserch note: FPL-RN-9, USDA Forest Servce, Forest Proucts Lbortory, Mson:. MICHAU E L po e los árboles ornmentles. Econes Mun-Prens. Sol Wste Assocton of North Amerc.. Successful pproches to recyclng urbn woo wste. Gen. Tech. Report. FPL-GTR-, USDA Forest Servce, Forest Proucts Lbortory, Mson:. VELAZQUEZ-MARTI B., FERNANDEZ-GONZALEZ E., ESTORNELL J., RUIZ L.A.. Denrometrc n sometrc nlyss of the bushy bomss n Meterrnen forests. Forest Ecology n Mngement 59: WEST P.W. 9. Tree n Forest Mesurement. Sprnger-Verlg Berln Heelberg. 5