Syllabus 8/26/10. History of Cosmetology 20 th Century s 1930 s 1940 s

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1 Syllabus 8/26/10 History of Cosmetology 20 th Century s 1930 s 1940 s

2 20 th Century Invention of motion pictures coincided with an abrupt shift in American attitudes. Standards of feminine beauty began to change when viewers saw celebrities with flawless complexions, beautiful hairstyles, and manicured nails. Industrialization Brought a new prosperity to the United States, and all forms of beauty began to follow trends.

Standards of feminine beauty began to change when viewers saw celebrities with flawless

3 Max Faktor 1904 emigrated from Lodz, Poland to the U.S had Americanized his name to Max Factor and moved to Los Angeles. Began making and selling cosmetics to movie stars. Makeup that wouldn t cake or crack, even under hot studio lights.

4 Charles Nessler October 8, 1905 invented a heavily wired machine that supplied electrical current to the metal rods around which hair strands were wrapped. The units were heated during the waving process. They were kept away from the scalp by a complex system of counterbalancing weights, suspended from an overhead chandelier, mounted on a stand.

The units were heated during the waving process.

5 Two Wrapping Methods Two methods were used to wind hair strands around the metal units. Spiral Wrapping: Long hair wound from the scalp to the ends. Croquignole Wrapping: Used on short hair (after WWI). Shorter hair was wound from the ends toward the scalp. The hair was then styled into deep waves with loose end curls.

Croquignole Wrapping: Used on short hair (after WWI).

6 Madame C.J. Walker Birth name: Sarah Breedlove Daughter of former slaves and was orphaned at age seven. Worked in cotton fields of the Mississippi delta Married 3 rd husband, C.J. Walker Suffered scalp condition and began losing hair. Experimented with store-bought products and homemade remedies.

orphaned at age seven. Worked in cotton fields of the Mississippi delta.

7 Madam Walker s Wonderful Hair Grower Began to sell her scalp conditioning and healing treatment called Madam Walker s Wonderful Hair Grower moved her company to Indianapolis where she built a factory, hair salon, and training school organized a convention for her Madam C.J. Walker Hair Culturists Union of America. One of the first national meetings for businesswomen ever held!

1910 moved her company to Indianapolis where she built a factory, hair salon, and training school.

8 1920 s Cosmetics industry grew rapidly Early 1920 s many women s magazines refused to do advertisements for cosmetics. Deemed improper Late 1920 s Cosmetics provided one of advertisers largest sources of revenue.

9 1930 s Preheat Perm Method Introduced in 1931 Hair was wrapped using the croquignole method. Then clamps, preheated by a separate electrical unit, were placed over the wound curls.

10 Ralph Evans & Everett McDonough 1 st machineless perm! Used external heat generated by chemical reaction. Small, flexible pads containing a chemical mixture were wound around hair strands. Pads were moistened with water, a chemical heat was released that created long-lasting curls. Arnold Willatt 1938 invented the cold wave Used no machines or heat Considered to be the precursor to the modern perm

Small, flexible pads containing a chemical mixture were wound around hair strands.

11 Lawrence Gelb 1932 introduced the first permanent haircolor product Founded a company called Clairol

12 1940 s 1941 scientist developed another method of permanent waving called the Cold Wave. Used waving lotion Did not use heat Replaced virtually all predecessors and competitors Modern forms of cold waves, usually referred to as alkaline perms, are very popular today. Texture Service term used today to refer to the variety of permanent wave services available for different hair types and conditions.

of cold waves, usually referred to as alkaline perms, are very popular today.

14 1960 s 1960 s Vidal Sassoon Revolutionary geometric cuts

15 1970 s 1970 s New era in highlighting French hairdressers introduced the art of hair weaving, using aluminum foil.

16 1980 s 1980 s Makeup went from barely there to cateyes and heavy use of eye shadows and blush. Really big hair!! Physical fitness, nutrition and day spas became popular.

17 1990 s 1990 s Haircolor became gentler, allowing all ethnicities to enjoy being blonds, brunettes, or redheads.

18 Creative nail design introduced the first spa pedicure system to the professional beauty industry. Nail art also entered the scene by the 1990 s.

20 21 st Century Today Hairstyles are gentler No-fade haircolor Estheticians can noticeably rejuvenate the face, and keep disorders such as sunspots and mild acne at bay. Age of specialization Cosmetologists can specialize in either hair color, or haircutting Estheticians specialize in esthetic or medical-esthetic services. Nail Technicians can specialize in artificial nail enhancements, natural nail care, or even pedicures. Salon industry has evolved to include day spas. Men s-only specialty spas and barber spas have also grown in popularity, providing new opportunities for men s nail care specialists.

Age of specialization Cosmetologists can specialize in either hair color, or haircutting Estheticians specialize in esthetic or medical-esthetic

21 Haircoloring in the twentieth century has become a multibillion-dollar industry of professional products!!!!!!! The huge growth in day spas has also been a significant development The domain of cosmetology has changed dramatically. All the new services and skills have transformed and expanded the role of cosmetologists, requiring them to know more than ever and to make continuing education a necessity!

Cosmetology (COSM) Laney College 2009-2011 EVENING PROGRAM. DAY PROGRAM Degree Major/Certificate Requirements: Degree Major/Certificate Requirement:

Cosmetology (COSM) Laney College 2009-2011 EVENING PROGRAM. DAY PROGRAM Degree Major/Certificate Requirements: Degree Major/Certificate Requirement: (COSM) The Cosmetology program prepares students in all phases of cosmetology. The program consists of 1600 hours training in theoretical foundations, manipulative skills, business knowledge, professional