Current situation with asbestos in Bosnia and Herzegovina

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1 CAPACITY BUILDING FOR BANNING AND PHASING OUT ASBESTOS IN WEST BALKAN COUNTRIES Current situation with asbestos in Bosnia and Herzegovina CA EKOPOT Project is funded by European Union

2 Thematic areas Legislation in BiH Overview of current status in BiH Health care

3 LEGISLATURE IN BIH - Political structure of BiH- RS 49% F BiH 51%

4 LEGISLATION IN BIH

5 LEGISLATION IN BIH Regulation on the plants and facilities for which environmental impacts assessment is required and plants and facilities that can be Built and operated only if they have environmental permit. ( Official gazette of FBiH no. 19/04.), article 4., paragraph 1., alinea 20., prescribes the following : Installations for extraction of asbestos and for processing and transformation of asbestos and products containing asbestos: - for products of asbestos cement with production of more than 5000 t/y - of finished product, - for fraction materials with production of more than 5 t/y of finished products, - for other uses of asbestos, the use of more than 25 t/y. Ordinance on waste management that is not on the list of hazardous waste or whose content is unkown. ( Official gazette of FBiH no.:9/05) In the catalogue of waste, which is integral part of the Ordinance cited in paragraph 1.3. numbers from * to waste from production Of asbestos-cement containing asbestos is quoted waste from the manufacture of cement, lime and plaster and articles made from them * waste from asbestos-cement manufacture containing asbestos waste from the manufacture of asbestos-cement that is not isted under waste from the manufacture of other bonding materials based on cement that is not listed under and

6 LEGISLATION IN BIH Regulation on emission limit values of pollutants in the air ( Official gazette of FBiH no. 12/05), In the section which addresses limitation of emissions of carcinogenic pollutants, in article 10. table with emission limit values for carcinogenic pollutants (which counted asbestos) is published, as follows, Emission limit values of carcinogenic pollutants amount: I hazard class Arsenic trioxide, pentoxide, arsenic (V) acid, Arsenic (III) acid and their salts expressed as As Asbestos (chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, actinolite, tremolite) With mass flow rate of 0,5 g/h or more 0,1 mg/m3

7 LEGISLATION IN BIH Regulation on projects for which environment impact assesment is carried out and criteria for deciding on the obligation of implementation committment and extent of environmental impact assesment ( Official gazette of RS, no. 7/06), article 2. paragraph 4. In the mineral industry : ) Installations for extraction of asbestos and for processing and transformation of asbestos and products containing asbestos: - for products of asbestos cement with production of more than 5000 t/yr - of finished product, - for fraction materials with production of more than 5 t/yr of finished products, - for other uses of asbestos, the use of more than 25 t/yr. - Regulation on facilities which can be built and put into operation only if they have an environmental permit ( Official gazette of RS, no. 7/06) Regulations on categories of waste catalogue, ( Official gazette of RS, no. 39/05), article 3. states: In the Catalogue of waste hazardous waste is marked with star (*). In table under the following is stated: INSULATION MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS CONTAINING ASBESTOS * Insulation materials containing asbestos * Other insulating materials consisting of or containing dangerous substances Insulating materials different from those listed under and * Construction materials containing asbestos

8 LEGISLATION IN BIH Regulation on emission limit values of pollutants in the air, ( Official gazette of RS, no. 39/05 ), in article 10. is stated: Emission limit values for carcinogenic pollutants amount: asbestos (chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, antophyllite, actinolite, tremolite) 0,1mg/m3

9 LEGISLATION IN BIH Compilation of regulations from both entities

10 YUGOSLAV STANDARD since Maximum allowable concentration of toxic gases, vapors and aerosols in the atmosphere of working premises and work sites Rule book no. 15/01 149/52 od ; Of.gaz.SFRJ, no. 54/91 Table 3. Maximum allowable concentration of mineral and organic dust, expressed in percentage of the mass Dust Respirable mg/m3 Total mg/m3 MAC for mineral dust is calculated according to % SiO2 formula 10 mg/m3 / % resp. SiO mg/m3 % resp. SiO2 + 2 Dust 1 3 Table 4. Dust Number of particles in cm3 8. Asbestos dust 2 * * ) The figure refers to two concentrations of respirable asbestos fibres, whereas the respirable fibre is defined with diameter < 0,003 mm, length > 0,005 mm and ratio of length and diameter equal to or greater than 3:1 Table 5 IARC list of carcinogenic substances Group I Substances that have carcinogenic effect on humans 1.8. asbestos

11 OVERVIEW OF THE SITUATION IN BIH - There is no single database (Resource Centre) that would monitor the origin of diseases caused by asbestos, - BiH does not have the exact parameters in terms of symptomatology of occupational diseases caused by exposure to asbestos, - BiH has not prohibited production and use of asbestos, - System was not developed for separation of hazardous construction waste containing asbestos (before demolition), - There are 3 sanitary and no single landfill for hazardous waste, (specially constructed landfill or intended location for disposal of waste containing asbestos) - Closed mine shafts are unused, - Lack of education about management of waste containing asbestos, - Undeveloped process of separating, collecting, packaging, transport and disposing of asbestos, - There is no financial support from state institutions for proper waste disposal.

12 SEPARATION OF ASBESTOS IN PETROVO Part of the property of the Stock company Fagmin from Petrovo, which is in bankruptcy, has not been sold until today. During the public bidding there was no single interested buyer. The subject of the tender was supposed to be selling of assets whose value was estimated at 2,3 million marks. It is about 1,3 million square meters of land of former asbestos mine in Petrovo, more than six million cubic meters of mullock, which remained after separation of asbestos ore, investments in geological exploration, separation building, two transformer stations and 64 square meters of business space in the municipal building of Petrovo. Autor:

13 OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN BIH Citizens of BiH are insufficiently informed about the dangers of asbestos containing materials. Lack of information campaign in both printed and electronic media is evident. NGOs o occasionally indicate problems related to asbestos. There are no specialised NGOs that deal with this problem (as for example NGOs specialised in energy efficiency). KAPAZ one of the most serious projects related to asbestos in BiH.

14 OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN BIH - Investment projects - In 1999., as a part of Reconstruction Settlements project, financed by the EU, Government of Holland and city of Amsterdam, City links organisation carried ou rehabilitation of part of Sarajevo area Hrasno. Asbestos cement roof coverings (corrugated Salonit ) and asbestos cement cladding panels were removed. Other humanitarian organisations (UNDP, USAID etc. ) also worked on reconstruction of refugee settlements and reconstruction of existing settlements. In many instances, deposited asbestos was disseminated by local population and dispersed to cover the extra facilities.

15 OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN BIH - construction - From 1950s to 1980s, entire settlements were built with massive use of asbestos cement as construction material. Most then builts resorts exist today, without any reconstruction or replacement that has taken place. Presence of asbestos containing materials in construction resulted from market pressures. Asbestos was the most economical material, and its properties were not negligible.

16 OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN BIH - treatment and disposal of asbestos waste- Significant problem is the presence of asbestos waste in municipal landfills and on so called wild landfills. According to the aforementioned regulations, construction waste containing asbestos requires special treatment and its disposal must be carried out by authorised firms.

17 OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN BIH - treatment and disposal of asbestos waste- Currently there are 4 licensed hazardous waste disposal companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1. KEMIS-BH 2. GRIOSS d.o.o. Jajce, 3. RECIKLON d.o.o. Tuzla, 4. SUD MIL

18 OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN BIH - treatment and disposal of asbestos waste- Kemis-BH is the largest exporter of hazardous waste from Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union countries. They have a special warehouse with approximate capacity of m from storage of hazardous waste to its final disposal in the incinrators in the Western Europe. According to the Director of KEMIS-BH all asbestos waste is exported to the north of Germany and deposited in the mine shafts. The amount of asbestos waste required for exports approximates 100 t.

19 OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN BIH Feasibility study for construction waste management in Sarajevo Canton, for the period * Excerpt from the table given in the Feasibility study * Expected amounts of construction waste in the area of Sarajevo Canton

20 OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN BIH - phenomenon of auto scrap- In the past 15 years BiH has become a cheap second hand dump of automobiles from Western Europe. Example: Tuzla Municipality has more than 50 unregistered car waste locations.

21 Donated wagons containing asbestos. There is no legislation regulating limit values for maximum allowable concentrations of asbestos particles on the intersections in urban settlments.

22 OVERVIEW OF THE SITUATION OF BIH - Water pipies - In the past decades, asbest-cement pipes occupied an important place among materials for water and sewage sector. After detection of carcinogenic effects of asbestos, no serious reconstruction of water network took place. Water pipes are changed gradually and sporadically, on locations where they certainly must be changed due to obsolescence. Sarajevo 155 km ili 15% of the total length of pipelines containining asbestos-cement pipes

23 OVERVIEW OF THE SITUATION IN BIH - Health care - Asbestosis was included on the list of professional diseases in There is no official data on the prevalence of asbestosis in BiH. A large number of BiH citizens fell ill while working in factories in Salonit Anhovo and Dalmatia. There are no registered associations of people suffering from asbestosis or other occupational illnesses related to asbestos exposure.

24 OVERVIEW OF THE SITUATION IN BIH - Safety at work -

25 LIST OF INSTITUTIONS CONTACTED FOR PURPOSE OF OBTAINING OFFICIAL DATA 1.Bureau for public health of FBiH, 2. Bureau for public health of Tuzla Canton, 4. Occupational medicine institute in RS, 5. Occupational medicine institute in KS, 6. Occupational medicine institute in ZDK, 7. Federal ministry of environment and tourism, 8. Federal ministry of physical planning, 9. MFTER Department for environment protection, 10. Foreign trade Chamber of BiH, 11. Agency for statistics of FBiH, 12. Ministry of physical planning and environment protection of KS, 13. Ministry of physical planning and environment protection of TK, 14. Chamber of commerce of F BiH Sector for construction, 15. Federal ministry of energy, mining and industry 16. Federal ministry of health, 17. Federal ministry of transport and communications, 18. Building materials department at the Faculty of architecture SA

26 LIST OF INSTITUTIONS CONTACTED FOR PURPOSE OF OBTAINING OFFICIAL DATA 18. PE Tuzla Power plant, 19. Faculty of mining and geology Tuzla, 20. Mining institute Tuzla, 21. JKP Waterworks and sewarage Tuzla, 22. JKP Waterworks and sewarage Sarajevo, 22. PE Utility company Br ko, 23. Faculty of medicine Tuzla, 24. Clinic for pulmonary diseases Banja Luka, 25. Bijeljina Municipality, 26. Tuzla Municipality, 27. GIT Tuzla, 28. Asbestos mine in bakruptcy - Petrovo, 29. Companies with license for hazardous waste management, 30. Hospital for pulmonary diseases Podhrastovi Sarajevo, 31. Ministry of physical planning of RS, 32. Health Center- Petrovo.

27 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!