Georgia s Ranking Among the States: Budget, Taxes, and Other Indicators

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1 THE CENTER FOR STATE AND LOCAL FINANCE JUNE 2015 Georgia s Ranking Among the States: Budget, Taxes, and Other Indicators IN COLLABORATION WITH

2 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STATE AND LOCAL FINANCE The (CSLF) mission is to develop the people and ideas for next generation public finance. Key initiatives include: 1) Developing executive education programs in public finance to provide professional development for the next generation of practitioners in state and local finance; 2) Building technical assistance capacity in next generation technologies for the public sector that include the use of big data and improved analytics to better inform policymakers and to better target solutions to public sector problems; 3) Supporting scholarship on critical challenges in state and local fiscal and economic policy; and 4) Building a strong capacity to translate and communicate academic research for the practitioner audience. CSLF Reports, Policy Briefs, and other publications maintain a position of neutrality on public policy issues in order to safeguard the academic freedom of the authors. Thus, interpretations or conclusion in CSLF publications should be understood to be solely those of the author(s). For more information on the, visit our website at:. ABOUT THE FISCAL RESEARCH CENTER Established in 1995, the Fiscal Research Center (FRC) provides nonpartisan research, technical assistance and education in the evaluation and design of state tax and economic policy. FRC s responsibilities include developing estimates for tax-related fiscal notes, writing the Georgia State Tax Expenditure Budget, supporting the state s economist, and conducting policy and academic research on a variety of topics associated with state tax policy issues. FRC Reports, Policy Briefs, and other publications maintain a position of neutrality on public policy issues in order to safeguard the academic freedom of the authors. Thus, interpretations or conclusions in FRC publications should be understood to be solely those of the author(s). For more information on the Fiscal Research Center, visit our website at: frc.gsu.edu. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This guide mirrors the format and content of the annual report, Virginia Compared to the Other States, produced by the Virginia s Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission. I would especially like to thank Joe McMahon, Senior Legislative Analyst, and Kathy DuVall, Publications Analyst, for their assistance during this project. Additionally, appreciation goes to Dr. Robert Buschman and Mels de Zeeuw for their careful review of the data. Introduction Enclosed is a collection of quantitative metrics and state rankings that compare Georgia to states across the nation. While several of the comparisons focus on total state or local government revenue and expenditures, the report also includes a number of measures that provide comparisons of either expenditures or state characteristics within specific functional areas, such as education, health, and transportation. The state rankings for each topic are generally (with a few exceptions) determined by the reported total dollar value or percentage, with the highest state value or percentage ranked number one. This 2015 guide is the first issue of an intended annual publication from the. We hope it will serve as a convenient reference guide for policymakers, the media, and the public. Sources The 38 metrics contained within the report are based upon data from a variety of sources. Each metric within the report contain a listing of the sources used to produce the reported information. Although each source is updated periodically in accordance with its own unique schedule, we have made an attempt to use the latest information available for each measure. A partial list of the data sources includes: ff U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Population Estimates ff U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Surveys of State and Local Government Finances ff U.S. Census Bureau, Poverty: American Community Survey Briefs ff Bureau of Economic Analysis ff College Board, Trends in College Pricing ff National Association of State Budget Officers, State Expenditure Report ff State Higher Education Executive Officers ff Bureau of Labor Statistics ff Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

3 Georgia Trends, 2015 Edition RANK MEASURE RANK MEASURE 1 Population 8 10,097,343 2 Percentage Change in Population ( ) % 3 Per Capita Personal Income 40 39,097 4 Annual Average Unemployment Rate % 5 Percentage of Population in Poverty % 6 Per Capita State & Local Revenue 49 7,320 7 State & Local Revenue as Percentage of Personal Income % 8 Per Capita State Revenue 50 4,098 9 Per Capita Local Revenue 28 4, Percentage of Total State & Local Tax Revenue from Individual Income Tax % 11 Per Capita State & Local Taxes 45 3, State & Local Taxes as Percentage of Personal Income % 13 Per Capita Local Taxes 27 1, Per Capita State Taxes 49 1, Per Capita Federal Grants 44 1, Per Capita Federal Expenditures 45 5, Per Capita State Expenditures 44 4, Percentage Change in Real Per Capita State Expenditures (FY ) % 19 Per Capita General Fund Expenditures 34 1, Per Capita State & Local Debt Outstanding 44 5, State Credit Ratings 1 AAA 22 Per Capita Medicaid Expenditures Percentage of Total State Expenditures for Public Assistance % 24 Percentage of Population Under Age 65 With Health Insurance % 25 Infant Mortality Rate % 26 State & Local Per-Pupil Funding, Pre-K to , State Per-Pupil Funding, Pre-K to , Average Salary of Public School Teachers 23 52, Percentage of Population 25 Years & Older With at Least a High School Education % 30 Average Annual In-State Tuition & Fees at Public Four-Year Institutions 30 8, Percentage Change in In-State Tuition & Fees at Public Four-Year Institutions ( to ) % 32 Per Capita State Support for Public & Private Higher Education FTE Student Enrollment in Public Higher Education 9 347, Higher Education Appropriations per FTE Student 14 7, State Motor Fuel Taxes (Gas) Per Capita State & Local Road Expenditures State Corrections Expenditures Per Offender 50 2, State Government FTEs per 100 Persons

4 1. Population, 2014 RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 California 38,802,500 2 Texas 26,956,958 3 Florida 19,893,297 4 New York 19,746,227 5 Illinois 12,880,580 6 Pennsylvania 12,787,209 7 Ohio 11,594,163 8 Georgia 10,097,343 9 North Carolina 9,943, Michigan 9,909, New Jersey 8,938, Virginia 8,326, Washington 7,061, Massachusetts 6,745, Arizona 6,731, Indiana 6,596, Tennessee 6,549, State Average 6,363, Missouri 6,063, Maryland 5,976, Wisconsin 5,757, Minnesota 5,457, Colorado 5,355, Alabama 4,849, South Carolina 4,832, Louisiana 4,649, Kentucky 4,413, Oregon 3,970, Oklahoma 3,878, Connecticut 3,596, Iowa 3,107, Mississippi 2,994, Arkansas 2,966, Utah 2,942, Kansas 2,904, Nevada 2,839, New Mexico 2,085, Nebraska 1,881, West Virginia 1,850, Idaho 1,634, Hawaii 1,419, Maine 1,330, New Hampshire 1,326, Rhode Island 1,055, Montana 1,023, Delaware 935, South Dakota 853, North Dakota 739, Alaska 736, Vermont 626, Wyoming 584,153 f fgeorgia s population increased by 1.0 percent from 2013 to 2014, compared to 0.7 percent nationally. ffthe United States population was estimated to be 318,857,056 in Note: Population estimates are for July 1, 2014, and are based on the 2010 Census. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Annual Population Estimates

5 2. Percentage Change in Population ( ) RANK STATE IN % RANK STATE IN % 1 Nevada Utah Texas Idaho Arizona North Carolina Colorado North Dakota Wyoming South Carolina Florida Washington Hawaii Georgia Delaware Virginia Alaska Oregon Tennessee Montana Oklahoma New Mexico South Dakota California State Average Arkansas Nebraska Maryland Alabama Minnesota Kentucky Kansas Indiana Iowa Missouri Massachusetts Wisconsin New Jersey Mississippi Louisiana Connecticut Pennsylvania New Hampshire West Virginia New York Illinois Maine Vermont Ohio Rhode Island Michigan -1.8 f fgeorgia s population increased by 13.3 percent from 2004 to 2014, compared to an 8.8% overall increase for the United States. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Annual Population Estimates

6 3. Per Capita Personal Income, 2013 RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 Connecticut 62,467 2 Massachusetts 59,182 3 New Jersey 56,807 4 New York 56,231 5 Maryland 55,143 6 North Dakota 54,951 7 Wyoming 54,810 8 New Hampshire 53,149 9 Alaska 52, California 50, Virginia 49, Washington 49, Rhode Island 48, Colorado 48, Minnesota 48, Illinois 48, Pennsylvania 47, Vermont 47, Nebraska 47, Hawaii 46, South Dakota 46, Delaware 45, Kansas 45, Texas 45, State Average 45, Iowa 45, Wisconsin 44, Oklahoma 43, Florida 42, Ohio 42, Louisiana 42, Maine 42, Oregon 41, Missouri 41, Tennessee 40, Montana 40, Michigan 40, Nevada 40, North Carolina 39, Indiana 39, Georgia 39, Arizona 37, Utah 37, Arkansas 37, Kentucky 37, New Mexico 37, Idaho 37, Alabama 37, South Carolina 36, West Virginia 36, Mississippi 34,333 f fgeorgia s per capita personal income increased by 3.3 percent from 2013 to 2014, 18th highest growth rate among all states. f fper capita personal income increased in all 50 states by an average rate of 3 percent from 2013 to 2014 (). Note: Personal income is the income from net earnings (wages, salaries, and other labor income); property (personal dividend, interest, and rental income); and transfer payments such as Social Security and unemployment benefits. Personal income is measured before the deduction of personal income taxes and other personal taxes. Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and U.S. Census Bureau Annual Population Estimates

7 4. Annual Average Unemployment Rate, 2014 RANK STATE IN % RANK STATE IN % 1 North Dakota Nebraska South Dakota Utah Minnesota Vermont New Hampshire Wyoming Hawaii Iowa Kansas Oklahoma Montana Idaho Colorado Texas Virginia Wisconsin Delaware Maine Ohio State Average Maryland Massachusetts Pennsylvania Indiana Arkansas Missouri North Carolina Washington Florida New York Louisiana South Carolina Kentucky New Mexico West Virginia Connecticut New Jersey Tennessee Alabama Alaska Arizona Oregon Illinois Georgia Michigan California Rhode Island District of Columbia Mississippi Nevada 7.8 f fgeorgia s annual average unemployment rate decreased by 1 percentage point from 2013 to f fthe U.S. annual average unemployment rate was 6.2 percent in 2014, a 1.2 percentage point decrease from f fgeorgia s monthly unemployment rate in December 2014 was 6.6 percent, compared to 5.6 percent nationally. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

8 5. Percentage of Population Living in Poverty in Past 12 Months, 2013 RANK STATE IN % RANK STATE IN % 1 Mississippi New Mexico Arizona Kentucky Louisiana North Carolina Tennessee Nevada West Virginia Arkansas Texas Alabama Georgia South Carolina Oregon California Florida Michigan Montana New York Delaware Oklahoma State Average Missouri Ohio Rhode Island Illinois Kansas Idaho Pennsylvania Maine Minnesota Washington Massachusetts Wyoming Indiana Connecticut Hawaii New Jersey Nebraska Wisconsin Alaska Iowa Colorado Virginia Maryland South Dakota North Dakota New Hampshire Vermont Utah 8.3 f fthere were nearly 1.6 million Georgians living in poverty in 2013, a decrease of 9.1 percent from f fthere were 45.3 million Americans living in poverty in 2013, a decrease of 2.5 percent from Note: The poverty threshold, as designated by the Census Bureau, was $23,624 for a family of four, including two children in This threshold is updated annually for changes in the cost of living. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements

9 6. Per Capita State & Local Revenue, FY 2012 RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 Alaska 24,963 2 Wyoming 16,834 3 North Dakota 16,094 4 New York 15,072 5 Vermont 11,885 6 Connecticut 11,115 7 Massachusetts 10,973 8 Nebraska 10,904 9 California 10, Delaware 10, Rhode Island 10, Minnesota 10, Iowa 10, New Jersey 10, Washington 10, Montana 9, State Average 9, Hawaii 9, Oregon 9, New Mexico 9, Maryland 9, Pennsylvania 9, Ohio 9, Wisconsin 9, Illinois 9, Colorado 9, Louisiana 9, Michigan 9, Kansas 9, Alabama 9, North Carolina 8, Mississippi 8, West Virginia 8, Maine 8, Tennessee 8, South Carolina 8, Oklahoma 8, Texas 8, Utah 8, New Hampshire 8, Indiana 8, South Dakota 8, Virginia 8, Kentucky 8, Missouri 8, Nevada 8, Florida 8, Arkansas 7, Arizona 7, Georgia 7, Idaho 7,264 f fgeorgia s per capita state and local revenue decreased by $1,301 (15.1 percent) from FY 2011 to FY Per capita tax revenue increased by 1.8 percent but was offset by decreases in federal transfers (7.2 percent) and insurance trust revenue (72.9 percent). f fthe U.S. per capita state and local government revenues decreased by 10.6 percent from FY 2011 to FY Notes: 1. Per capita state and local revenue numbers in comparisons 8 and 9 do not sum to the combined per capita state and local revenues in this comparison, because the Census Bureau eliminates intergovernmental transactions from combined state and local amounts. 2. Insurance trust revenue includes (a) retirement and social insurance contributions, including unemployment compensation taxes received from employees and other government or private employers, and (b) net earnings on investments set aside to provide income for insurance trusts. Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Annual Surveys of State and Local Government Finances and U.S. Census Bureau Annual Population Estimates

10 7. State & Local Revenue as a Percentage of Personal Income, FY 2012 RANK STATE IN % RANK STATE IN % 1 Alaska Wyoming North Dakota New York Mississippi Vermont New Mexico Montana West Virginia Alabama Oregon Delaware South Carolina Nebraska Michigan Iowa Utah Ohio North Carolina Rhode Island State Average California Kentucky Louisiana Maine Hawaii Minnesota Tennessee Arkansas Wisconsin Arizona Indiana Washington Kansas Idaho Pennsylvania Nevada Oklahoma Missouri Illinois Colorado Georgia Texas Florida Massachusetts New Jersey Connecticut South Dakota Maryland Virginia New Hampshire f fin FY 2012, Georgia s state and local revenue as a percentage of personal income decreased by 4 percentage points from the FY 2011 percentage. Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Annual Surveys of State and Local Government Finances, and Bureau of Economic Analysis, State Income and Employment Summary

11 8. Per Capita State Revenue, FY 2012 RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 Alaska 20,587 2 North Dakota 13,177 3 Wyoming 11,866 4 Vermont 10,140 5 New York 9,160 6 Delaware 8,742 7 Montana 7,614 8 Hawaii 7,611 9 Connecticut 7, Rhode Island 7, Massachusetts 7, New Mexico 7, Minnesota 7, West Virginia 7, Iowa 6, State Average 6, California 6, New Jersey 6, Michigan 6, Oregon 6, Maine 6, Mississippi 6, Ohio 6, Wisconsin 6, Arkansas 6, Pennsylvania 6, Maryland 6, Oklahoma 6, Alabama 6, Washington 5, Kentucky 5, Louisiana 5, North Carolina 5, Kansas 5, South Carolina 5, Indiana 5, Utah 5, New Hampshire 5, Illinois 5, Nebraska 5, Virginia 5, South Dakota 5, Idaho 5, Nevada 5, Missouri 5, Texas 5, Colorado 4, Arizona 4, Tennessee 4, Florida 4, Georgia 4,098 f fgeorgia s per capita state revenue decreased by $1,229 (23.1 percent) in FY 2012, driven by reductions in federal transfers (8.9 percent) and insurance trust revenue (72.1 percent). Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Annual Surveys of State and Local Government Finances, and U.S. Census Bureau Annual Population Estimates

12 9. Per Capita Local Revenue, FY 2012 RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 New York 8,765 2 Wyoming 8,156 3 Nebraska 6,739 4 California 6,622 5 Alaska 6,589 6 Washington 5,667 7 Colorado 5,343 8 New Jersey 5,293 9 Illinois 5, Minnesota 5, Iowa 5, Massachusetts 4, North Dakota 4, Pennsylvania 4, Tennessee 4, Louisiana 4, Kansas 4, Wisconsin 4, Connecticut 4, Ohio 4, Florida 4, State Average 4, Nevada 4, Oregon 4, Texas 4, Maryland 4, Michigan 4, North Carolina 4, Georgia 4, Vermont 4, Virginia 4, Alabama 4, Mississippi 4, Indiana 4, Arizona 4, South Carolina 4, Missouri 4, Rhode Island 4, New Hampshire 4, New Mexico 4, Utah 3, South Dakota 3, Montana 3, Delaware 3, Maine 3, Oklahoma 3, Kentucky 3, Arkansas 3, Idaho 3, West Virginia 2, Hawaii 2,433 f fgeorgia s local governments recorded $25.7 billion in own-source revenue in FY 2012, $3.4 billion more than the state government. f fgeorgia s per capita local revenue decreased by $151 in FY 2012 (3.4 percent). Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Annual Surveys of State and Local Government Finances, and U.S. Census Bureau Annual Population Estimates

13 10. Percentage of Total State & Local Tax Revenue from Individual Income Tax, FY 2012 RANK STATE IN % RANK STATE IN % 1 Oregon Maryland Massachusetts New York Kentucky Virginia North Carolina California Delaware Connecticut Ohio Minnesota Missouri Utah Wisconsin Georgia Pennsylvania Idaho Indiana West Virginia Montana Maine Illinois Kansas Arkansas Iowa Colorado Nebraska Alabama South Carolina Oklahoma Hawaii Rhode Island New Jersey Michigan State Average Vermont Mississippi New Mexico Louisiana Arizona North Dakota New Hampshire Tennessee Alaska Florida Nevada South Dakota Texas Washington Wyoming 0.0 f fgeorgia s per capita individual income tax was $821 in FY 2012, an increase of $40 from FY f fseven states have no state individual income tax. New Hampshire and Tennessee tax only dividend and interest income. Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Annual Surveys of State and Local Government Finances, and U.S. Census Bureau Annual Population Estimates

14 11. Per Capita State & Local Taxes, FY 2012 RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 Alaska 11,857 2 North Dakota 9,444 3 New York 7,739 4 Connecticut 6,945 5 Wyoming 6,666 6 New Jersey 6,067 7 Massachusetts 5,565 8 Hawaii 5,321 9 Minnesota 5, Illinois 5, Vermont 5, Maryland 5, Rhode Island 4, California 4, Wisconsin 4, Maine 4, Delaware 4, State Average 4, Pennsylvania 4, Iowa 4, Nebraska 4, Kansas 4, Washington 4, Colorado 4, Ohio 4, Virginia 4, New Hampshire 3, Nevada 3, West Virginia 3, Oregon 3, Indiana 3, Texas 3, Louisiana 3, Michigan 3, New Mexico 3, Montana 3, North Carolina 3, Arkansas 3, Oklahoma 3, South Dakota 3, Kentucky 3, Missouri 3, Arizona 3, Utah 3, Florida 3, Georgia 3, Mississippi 3, Tennessee 3, Idaho 3, South Carolina 3, Alabama 2,951 f fgeorgia recorded $58 more in per capita state and local taxes in FY 2012 compared to FY 2011, an increase of 1.8 percent. f fnationwide, state and local governments recorded 2.5 percent more per capita state and local taxes in FY Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Annual Surveys of State and Local Government Finances, and U.S. Census Bureau Annual Population Estimates

15 12. State & Local Taxes as a Percentage of Personal Income, FY 2012 RANK STATE IN % RANK STATE IN % 1 Alaska North Dakota New York Wyoming Hawaii Maine Vermont Connecticut Illinois New Jersey Minnesota Wisconsin West Virginia Rhode Island Delaware State Average California New Mexico Ohio Iowa Kansas Indiana Nevada Massachusetts Pennsylvania Mississippi Arkansas Oregon Kentucky Maryland Nebraska Michigan Utah Arizona Montana North Carolina Washington Louisiana Colorado Georgia Texas Idaho South Carolina Missouri Oklahoma Virginia Alabama Florida New Hampshire Tennessee South Dakota 7.6 f fgeorgia s state and local taxes as a percentage of personal income remained unchanged at 8.8 percent from FY 2011 to FY f facross the United States, state and local taxes as a percentage of personal income also remained unchanged at 10.2 percent. Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Annual Surveys of State and Local Government Finances, and Bureau of Economic Analysis, State Income and Employment Summary

16 13. Per Capita Local Taxes, FY 2012 RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 New York 4,090 2 New Jersey 2,974 3 Connecticut 2,655 4 Illinois 2,347 5 New Hampshire 2,318 6 Rhode Island 2,281 7 Wyoming 2,244 8 Maryland 2,225 9 Alaska 2, Massachusetts 2, Colorado 2, Nebraska 2, Pennsylvania 1, Texas 1, Virginia 1, Wisconsin 1, Iowa 1, Ohio 1, California 1, Maine 1, Kansas 1, Louisiana 1, Washington 1, State Average 1, South Dakota 1, Florida 1, Missouri 1, Georgia 1, Oregon 1, North Dakota 1, Minnesota 1, Arizona 1, Nevada 1, Hawaii 1, South Carolina 1, Utah 1, Indiana 1, Michigan 1, Tennessee 1, North Carolina 1, New Mexico 1, Oklahoma 1, Montana 1, Alabama 1, Kentucky 1, West Virginia Idaho Delaware Mississippi Vermont Arkansas 714 f fgeorgia s per capita local taxes increased by $4 (0.2 percent), from FY 2011 to FY ffnationwide, per capita local taxes increased by 0.4 percent. Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Annual Surveys of State and Local Government Finances, and U.S. Census Bureau Annual Population Estimates

17 14. Per Capita State Taxes, FY 2012 RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 Alaska 9,642 2 North Dakota 8,009 3 Wyoming 4,422 4 Vermont 4,404 5 Connecticut 4,290 6 Hawaii 3,961 7 Minnesota 3,821 8 Delaware 3,650 9 New York 3, Massachusetts 3, New Jersey 3, California 3, Maryland 2, West Virginia 2, Maine 2, State Average 2, Illinois 2, Arkansas 2, Wisconsin 2, Rhode Island 2, Pennsylvania 2, Iowa 2, Kansas 2, Washington 2, Indiana 2, Nevada 2, Montana 2, New Mexico 2, Michigan 2, Kentucky 2, Nebraska 2, North Carolina 2, Mississippi 2, Oklahoma 2, Ohio 2, Oregon 2, Virginia 2, Idaho 2, Utah 2, Arizona 1, Colorado 1, Louisiana 1, Alabama 1, Texas 1, Tennessee 1, South Dakota 1, Missouri 1, Florida 1, South Carolina 1, Georgia 1, New Hampshire 1,671 f fgeorgia s per capita state taxes increased by $54 in FY 2012, a 3.3 percent increase. ffnationwide, per capita state taxes increased by 7.7 percent. Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Annual Surveys of State and Local Government Finances, and U.S. Census Bureau Annual Population Estimates

18 15. Per Capita Federal Grants, FY 2014 RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 Alaska 3,454 2 Vermont 2,651 3 New York 2,584 4 New Mexico 2,281 5 Rhode Island 2,280 6 West Virginia 2,146 7 Kentucky 2,074 8 Arkansas 2, Mississippi 1,986 9 Oregon 1, Massachusetts 1, Maine 1, Connecticut 1, North Dakota 1, Delaware 1, Hawaii 1, Louisiana 1, Michigan 1, Montana 1, Ohio 1, Tennessee 1, Arizona 1, State Average 1, Minnesota 1, Wyoming 1, South Dakota 1, Maryland 1, Washington 1, Oklahoma 1, New Jersey 1, Pennsylvania 1, Indiana 1, North Carolina 1, California 1, Iowa 1, Illinois 1, Alabama 1, South Carolina 1, Colorado 1, Wisconsin 1, Idaho 1, Missouri 1, Texas 1, Nebraska 1, Georgia 1, New Hampshire 1, Utah 1, Florida 1, Virginia 1, Nevada Kansas 559 f fgeorgia s top two recipients of federal grants in FY 2014 were: (a) Medical Assistance Plans Division within Georgia Department of Community Health (administers Medicaid): $6.9 billion, and (b) Department of Education (National School Lunch Program, Title 1 Funds to Local Schools, Special Education): $1.7 billion. Sources: USAspending.gov and U.S. Census Bureau Annual Population Estimates

19 16. Per Capita Federal Expenditures, FY 2014 RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 North Dakota 76,613 2 Connecticut 17,811 3 Kentucky 16,039 4 Indiana 15,979 5 South Carolina 14,985 6 Pennsylvania 13,990 7 Wisconsin 13,481 8 Alabama 12,537 9 Virginia 10, Tennessee 10, Minnesota 10, Maryland 10, New Mexico 9, Massachusetts 9, State Average 9, Arizona 8, Alaska 8, West Virginia 7, Maine 7, Rhode Island 7, Florida 7, Hawaii 7, Mississippi 7, Vermont 7, Missouri 7, New York 7, Washington 6, Oregon 6, Michigan 6, Arkansas 6, South Dakota 6, Montana 6, Idaho 6, Colorado 6, Delaware 6, Oklahoma 6, Ohio 6, Louisiana 6, New Hampshire 6, New Jersey 6, Iowa 6, California 5, North Carolina 5, Nebraska 5, Wyoming 5, Georgia 5, Texas 5, Illinois 5, Nevada 5, Kansas 4, Utah 4,389 f fgeorgia received $53.7 billion in federal contract and assistance awards in FY 2014, ranking 24th among all states. For the FY 2000 to FY 2015 period, Georgia ranked 15th among all states. Sources: USAspending.gov and U.S. Census Bureau Annual Population Estimates

20 17. Per Capita State Expenditures, FY 2013 RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 Alaska 16,057 2 Wyoming 15,658 3 West Virginia 12,041 4 Delaware 9,902 5 Massachusetts 8,577 6 Hawaii 8,222 7 Vermont 7,920 8 North Dakota 7,891 9 Connecticut 7, Rhode Island 7, Wisconsin 7, Arkansas 7, New Mexico 7, New York 6, Pennsylvania 6, Oregon 6, Iowa 6, State Average 6, Mississippi 6, Maryland 6, Minnesota 6, Montana 5, Louisiana 5, Kentucky 5, Maine 5, New Jersey 5, Oklahoma 5, Virginia 5, Colorado 5, California 5, Nebraska 5, Alabama 5, Illinois 5, Ohio 5, Washington 4, South Dakota 4, Kansas 4, Michigan 4, Tennessee 4, South Carolina 4, North Carolina 4, Utah 4, Indiana 4, Arizona 4, Georgia 4, Idaho 4, Missouri 3, New Hampshire 3, Texas 3, Florida 3, Nevada 3,187 f fgeorgia s per capita state expenditures increased by $99 in FY 2013 compared to FY 2012, an increase of 2.4 percent. ffnationwide, per capita state expenditures increased by 2.7 percent. Sources: National Association of State Budget Officers, State Expenditure Report and Fiscal U.S. Census Annual Population Estimates

21 18. Percentage Change in Real Per Capita State Expenditures, FY 2004 FY 2013 RANK STATE IN % RANK STATE IN % 1 Massachusetts Wyoming Colorado Louisiana Pennsylvania Delaware North Dakota Mississippi Iowa Vermont Oklahoma Virginia Arkansas Maryland Alaska Montana Alabama Connecticut State Average Rhode Island Utah New York New Mexico Nebraska Minnesota New Jersey Georgia West Virginia Hawaii Texas Kansas Tennessee Kentucky Illinois Idaho California Wisconsin Missouri Oregon Michigan Ohio North Carolina South Dakota South Carolina Washington Maine Nevada New Hampshire Arizona Florida Indiana f ftotal state expenditures, not adjusted for inflation and population, increased by 47 percent in Georgia and by an average rate of 49 percent across all 50 states. Sources: National Association of State Budget Officers, State Expenditure Report, Fiscal , National Association of State Budget Officers, State Expenditure Report, Fiscal , and U.S. Census Annual Population Estimates

22 19. Per Capita General Fund Expenditures, FY 2013 RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 Alaska 9,850 2 Wyoming 6,359 3 Connecticut 5,286 4 Hawaii 4,021 5 Massachusetts 3,990 6 Delaware 3,955 7 New Jersey 3,501 8 Minnesota 3,456 9 North Dakota 3, Rhode Island 3, New York 2, New Mexico 2, Maryland 2, California 2, Wisconsin 2, State Average 2, Ohio 2, Illinois 2, West Virginia 2, Maine 2, Virginia 2, Washington 2, Pennsylvania 2, Indiana 2, Vermont 2, Kentucky 2, Kansas 2, North Carolina 2, Iowa 2, Nebraska 1, Montana 1, Tennessee 1, Louisiana 1, Oklahoma 1, Georgia 1, Utah 1, Idaho 1, Texas 1, Arkansas 1, Mississippi 1, South Dakota 1, Oregon 1, Colorado 1, Alabama 1, Missouri 1, Arizona 1, South Carolina 1, Florida 1, Nevada 1, New Hampshire Michigan 897 f fgeorgia s per capita general fund expenditures increased by $65 (3.7 percent) from FY 2012 to FY f fgeorgia s total general fund expenditures were $18 billion in FY 2013, an increase of $779 million from FY Note: The general fund, the predominant fund for financing a state s operations, receives revenues from broad-based state taxes. Specific functions are financed differently from state to state. Sources: National Association of State Budget Officers, State Expenditure Report, Fiscal , and U.S. Census Bureau Annual Population Estimates

23 20. Per Capita State & Local Debt Outstanding, FY 2012 STATE LOCAL S&L RANK IN $ IN $ IN $ 1 New York 6,930 10,415 17,345 2 Massachusetts 11,948 2,504 14,452 3 Alaska 8,083 4,907 12,990 4 Connecticut 8,893 3,022 11,915 5 New Jersey 7,306 4,285 11,591 6 Illinois 4,995 6,364 11,359 7 Rhode Island 8,751 2,586 11,337 8 California 4,034 6,994 11,028 9 Washington 4,218 6,743 10, Nevada 1,414 9,129 10, Texas 1,749 8,627 10, Pennsylvania 3,618 6,518 10, Hawaii 6,030 4,040 10, Colorado 3,082 6,818 9, Kentucky 3,446 6,248 9, Kansas 2,377 6,870 9, Minnesota 2,459 6,545 9, Delaware 6,322 2,658 8, Oregon 3,535 5,333 8, South Carolina 3,145 5,408 8, State Average 3,833 4,490 8, New Hampshire 6,077 2,073 8, Nebraska 1,117 7,022 8, Virginia 3,391 4,582 7, New Mexico 3,622 4,296 7,918 STATE LOCAL S&L RANK IN $ IN $ IN $ 25 Maryland 4,381 3,444 7, Louisiana 3,348 4,459 7, Michigan 3,118 4,606 7, Missouri 3,383 4,299 7, Wisconsin 4,017 3,599 7, Florida 1,972 5,619 7, Indiana 3,443 4,138 7, Arizona 2,213 5,271 7, Vermont 5,416 1,890 7, Ohio 2,909 4,124 7, South Dakota 4,323 2,696 7, Utah 2,475 4,432 6, North Dakota 2,969 3,791 6, Maine 4,219 2,282 6, Alabama 1,810 4,307 6, Iowa 2,005 3,903 5, West Virginia 3,936 1,948 5, Tennessee 955 4,783 5, Montana 3,975 1,750 5, Georgia 1,351 4,273 5, North Carolina 1,876 3,333 5, Oklahoma 2,614 2,308 4, Mississippi 2,409 2,475 4, Arkansas 1,240 3,494 4, Wyoming 2,291 1,864 4, Idaho 2,473 1,442 3,915 f fgeorgia s per capita state and local government debt outstanding increased by $89 (1.6 percent) from FY 2011 to FY f fnationwide, the per capita state and local government debt outstanding decreased by 0.6 percent. Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Annual Surveys of State and Local Government Finances and U.S. Census Bureau Annual Population Estimates

24 21. State Credit Ratings, 2014 RANK STATE S&P MOODY S FITCHRANK STATE S&P MOODY S FITCH 1 Alaska AAA Aaa AAA 1 Delaware AAA Aaa AAA 1 Georgia AAA Aaa AAA 1 Indiana* AAA Aaa -- 1 Iowa* AAA Aaa AAA 1 Maryland AAA Aaa AAA 1 Missouri AAA Aaa AAA 1 Nebraska* AAA North Carolina AAA Aaa AAA 1 Texas AAA Aaa AAA 1 Utah AAA Aaa AAA 1 Virginia AAA Aaa AAA 1 Wyoming* AAA Florida AAA Aa1 AAA 14 South Carolina AA+ Aaa AAA 14 Tennessee AA+ Aaa AAA 14 Vermont AA+ Aaa AAA 18 New Mexico AA+ Aaa Massachusetts AA+ Aa1 AA+ 19 Minnesota AA+ Aa1 AA+ 19 Ohio AA+ Aa1 AA+ 19 Oregon AA+ Aa1 AA+ 19 Washington AA+ Aa1 AA+ 19 Idaho* AA+ Aa North Dakota* AA+ Aa South Dakota* AA Oklahoma AA+ Aa2 AA+ 27 Alabama AA Aa1 AA+ 27 Montana AA Aa1 AA+ 27 New Hampshire AA Aa1 AA+ 27 West Virginia AA Aa1 AA+ 32 Kansas* AA+ Aa Arkansas AA Aa Colorado* AA Aa Mississippi AA Aa2 AA+ 35 Nevada AA Aa2 AA+ 37 Hawaii AA Aa2 AA 37 Louisiana AA Aa2 AA 37 Maine AA Aa2 AA 37 New York AA Aa2 AA 37 Rhode Island AA Aa2 AA 37 Wisconsin AA Aa2 AA 43 Connecticut AA Aa3 AA 43 Michigan AA Aa2 AA 44 Kentucky* AA Aa2 AA 46 Pennsylvania AA Aa3 AA 46 Arizona* AA Aa California A Aa3 A 48 New Jersey A Aa3 A 50 Illinois A A3 A f fgeorgia is one of seven states that have maintained an AAA rating from S&P since * States with no outstanding general obligation debt. Shown are the ratings these states would likely receive if they decided to issue general obligation debt. Note: States are ranked based on the average value of their bond ratings on a 10-point scale, with AAA rating equal to 10 points. Sources: JLARC, Virginia Compared to the Other States, 2015 Edition (ratings as of December 2014) and The PEW Charitable Trusts, State Credit Ratings from Standard & Poor s, ,

25 22. Per Capita Medicaid Expenditures, FY 2013 RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 Vermont 2,240 2 New York 1,970 3 Alaska 1,964 4 Maine 1,888 5 Rhode Island 1,855 6 Pennsylvania 1,796 7 New Mexico 1,762 8 Delaware 1,704 9 Connecticut 1, West Virginia 1, Mississippi 1, Massachusetts 1, Arkansas 1, Minnesota 1, Louisiana 1, Ohio 1, Tennessee 1, Oregon 1, California 1, Missouri 1, Indiana 1, State Average 1, North Carolina 1, Maryland 1, Kentucky 1, Wisconsin 1, Oklahoma 1, Arizona 1, Michigan 1, Iowa 1, Colorado 1, Illinois 1, Hawaii 1, Idaho 1, New Jersey 1, Alabama 1, Texas 1, North Dakota 1, Montana 1, Florida 1, Wyoming 1, South Carolina 1, Nebraska New Hampshire South Dakota Virginia Georgia Kansas Utah Nevada Washington 579 f fgeorgia s per capita Medicaid expenditures increased by $39 (4.5 percent) from FY 2012 to FY f fgeorgia s total Medicaid expenditures in FY 2013 were $9.0 billion, a 5.3 percent increase from FY f fnationwide, Medicaid expenditures grew by 5.8 percent from FY 2012 to FY Sources: National Association of State Budget Officers, State Expenditure Report, Fiscal , and U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Population Estimates

26 23. Percentage of Total State Expenditures for Public Assistance, FY 2012 RANK STATE IN % RANK STATE IN % 1 Tennessee Maine Minnesota Florida Rhode Island Massachusetts Arkansas Missouri Oklahoma Mississippi Vermont Arizona West Virginia Kentucky Idaho Iowa Texas Maryland Indiana Pennsylvania Nebraska New Mexico New Hampshire Ohio Georgia Delaware Alabama Connecticut State Average New York Wisconsin Illinois South Carolina South Dakota Oregon Kansas North Carolina New Jersey Louisiana Michigan Montana Virginia Washington Hawaii Utah Alaska Colorado California Nevada North Dakota Wyoming 13.2 f fgeorgia s per capita expenditure for public assistance was $1,027 in FY Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Annual Surveys of State and Local Government Finances and U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates

27 24. Percentage of Population Under Age 65 With Health Insurance Coverage, 2013 RANK STATE IN % RANK STATE IN % 1 Massachusetts Hawaii Minnesota Delaware Vermont South Dakota Rhode Island Iowa Wisconsin New York Connecticut Kansas Nebraska Pennsylvania Maine Maryland Michigan Missouri Illinois New Hampshire Utah Virginia North Dakota Washington New Jersey Indiana State Average Colorado Louisiana Kentucky Oregon Tennessee Ohio West Virginia Mississippi Idaho Oklahoma California Alaska Arkansas South Carolina Montana Alabama Georgia Wyoming New Mexico North Carolina Florida Arizona Texas Nevada 77.0 f fthe percentage of persons under 65 covered by health insurance in Georgia increased from 78.3 percent to 81.6 percent from 2012 to f fin 2013, 61.7 percent of Georgians under 65 years of age had private insurance, and 20.1 percent had public health insurance (Medicare, Medicaid, VA Health Care, CHIP, state health plans). Note: Percentages for private/public health insurance do not add to total coverage because some individuals report having health insurance coverage from both private and public sources. Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement; and U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Survey

28 25. Infant Mortality Rate, 2013 RANK STATE PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS RANK STATE PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS 1 Mississippi Louisiana Alabama Arkansas West Virginia Ohio Indiana Maine Michigan North Carolina Georgia South Carolina Oklahoma Tennessee Pennsylvania Maryland Hawaii South Dakota Missouri Rhode Island Kansas Kentucky Delaware Wisconsin Virginia Florida State Average North Dakota Illinois Texas Montana New Hampshire Idaho Alaska New Mexico Nevada Nebraska Arizona Utah Colorado Minnesota Oregon New York California Connecticut Wyoming New Jersey Washington Vermont Massachusetts Iowa 4.1 f fgeorgia s infant mortality rate increased from 6.3 to 6.9 per 1,000 live births from 2010 to Source: CDC, Detailed tables for the National Vital Statistics Report: Deaths, final data for 2013 (Table 22)

29 26. State and Local Per-Pupil Funding, Pre-K to 12, RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 New York 20,812 2 New Jersey 18,977 3 Connecticut 17,911 4 Wyoming 16,838 5 Vermont 16,458 6 Massachusetts 15,869 7 Alaska 15,534 8 Maryland 15,096 9 Pennsylvania 14, Rhode Island 14, New Hampshire 14, Delaware 13, Illinois 12, West Virginia 12, Maine 12, Ohio 12, Minnesota 12, Hawaii 12, North Dakota 11, Wisconsin 11, State Average 11, Iowa 11, Michigan 11, Nebraska 11, Indiana 10, Kansas 10, Virginia 10, Louisiana 10, Washington 10, Missouri 10, Montana 9, South Carolina 9, Oregon 9, Arkansas 9, Georgia 9, Colorado 9, California 9, Kentucky 9, New Mexico 9, Texas 9, Alabama 8, Nevada 8, South Dakota 8, Florida 7, Tennessee 7, Oklahoma 7, North Carolina 7, Mississippi 7, Arizona 7, Utah 6, Idaho 6,410 f fin 2012, 46.9 percent of public school funding came from local sources, 42.5 percent from state sources, and 10.6 percent from federal sources. f fin 2012, Georgia s public schools recorded nearly $1.6 billion in capital expenditures. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 Census of Governments: Finance Survey of School System Finances; Public Elementary-Secondary Education Finances: Fiscal Year 2012 (Table 11 State and local data only)

30 27. State Per-Pupil Funding, Pre-K to 12, RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 Vermont 15,600 2 Hawaii 11,829 3 Alaska 11,531 4 Wyoming 9,466 5 Delaware 9,189 6 New York 8,824 7 Minnesota 8,306 8 Arkansas 8,037 9 New Jersey 7, Indiana 7, New Mexico 7, Connecticut 7, West Virginia 7, Maryland 7, Michigan 6, North Dakota 6, Massachusetts 6, Washington 6, Kansas 6, State Average 6, California 5, Pennsylvania 5, Kentucky 5, Ohio 5, Rhode Island 5, Nevada 5, Wisconsin 5, Iowa 5, Maine 5, New Hampshire 5, Louisiana 5, Oregon 5, Montana 5, Alabama 5, North Carolina 5, South Carolina 5, Illinois 4, Idaho 4, Missouri 4, Mississippi 4, Georgia 4, Virginia 4, Colorado 4, Oklahoma 4, Texas 4, Tennessee 4, Utah 3, Nebraska 3, Florida 3, South Dakota 3, Arizona 3,018 f fstate per-pupil funding in Georgia decreased by 0.7 percent from to Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 Census of Governments: Finance Survey of School System Finances; Public Elementary-Secondary Education Finances: Fiscal Year 2012 (Table 11 State data only)

31 28. Average Salary of Public School Teachers, RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 New York 76,409 2 Massachusetts 73,195 3 California 71,396 4 Connecticut 70,583 5 New Jersey 68,238 6 Alaska 65,891 7 Rhode Island 64,696 8 Maryland 64,546 9 Pennsylvania 63, Michigan 62, Illinois 60, Delaware 59, Oregon 58, New Hampshire 57, State Average 56, Wyoming 56, Hawaii 56, Vermont 55, Ohio 55, Nevada 55, Minnesota 54, Wisconsin 53, Washington 52, Georgia 52, Iowa 52, Kentucky 50, Indiana 50, Montana 49, Virginia 49, Texas 49, Colorado 49, Nebraska 49, Maine 49, Louisiana 49, Alabama 48, North Dakota 48, South Carolina 48, Kansas 48, Florida 47, Tennessee 47, Arkansas 47, Missouri 46, New Mexico 45, Utah 45, Arizona 45, West Virginia 45, North Carolina 44, Oklahoma 44, Idaho 44, Mississippi 42, South Dakota 40,023 f fin Georgia, the average salary of public school teachers increased slightly, by 0.1 percent, from to f fin the fall of 2013, Georgia had a student-teacher ratio of 15.8 to 1, compared to a national average of 15.9 to 1. Source: National Education Association Rankings & Estimates: Rankings of the States 2014 and Estimates of School Statistics, 2015

32 29. Percentage of Population 25 Years & Older With at Least a High School Education, 2013 RANK STATE 2013 (IN %) RANK STATE 2013 (IN %) 1 Wyoming New Hampshire Montana Minnesota Maine Alaska Iowa South Dakota North Dakota Utah Vermont Hawaii Wisconsin Colorado Nebraska Kansas Washington Massachusetts Connecticut Oregon Idaho Michigan Pennsylvania Maryland Ohio Missouri New Jersey Virginia Delaware State Average Illinois Indiana Florida Oklahoma Arizona Rhode Island North Carolina New York South Carolina Tennessee Georgia Nevada West Virginia Alabama Arkansas New Mexico Kentucky Louisiana Mississippi Texas California 81.7 f fgeorgia s percentage of population older than 25 years of age with at least a high school education increased from 85.0 percent to 85.5 percent from 2012 to f fin 2013, 28.3 percent of Georgians 25 years and older had completed a bachelor s degree or higher, compared to the of 28.9 percent. Source: American Community Survey, One Year Estimates, 2012, 2013

33 30. Average Annual In-State Tuition & Fees at Public Four-Year Institutions, RANK STATE IN $ RANK STATE IN $ 1 New Hampshire 14,712 2 Vermont 14,419 3 Pennsylvania 13,246 4 New Jersey 13,002 5 Illinois 12,770 6 Michigan 11,909 7 South Carolina 11,449 8 Delaware 11,448 9 Massachusetts 10, Rhode Island 10, Virginia 10, Washington 10, Connecticut 10, Minnesota 10, Arizona 10, Ohio 10, Hawaii 9, Colorado 9, Alabama 9, Maine 9, Kentucky 9, California 9, Indiana 9, State Average 9, Oregon 8, Texas 8, Wisconsin 8, Maryland 8, Tennessee 8, Missouri 8, Georgia 8, Kansas 8, Iowa 7, South Dakota 7, Arkansas 7, North Dakota 7, Nebraska 7, Louisiana 7, New York 7, Oklahoma 6, Mississippi 6, North Carolina 6, West Virginia 6, Idaho 6, Nevada 6, Florida 6, Montana 6, New Mexico 6, Utah 6, Alaska 6, Wyoming 4,646 f faverage tuition and fees at Georgia s public four-year higher education institutions increased by $115 (1.4 percent) from to f faverage tuition and fees at Georgia s private nonprofit four-year institutions was $29,578 in Source: College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2014

34 31. Percentage Change in In-State Tuition & Fees at Public Four-Year Institutions, to RANK STATE IN % RANK STATE IN % 1 Louisiana Georgia Arizona Colorado Washington Florida North Carolina Hawaii Alabama Nevada Tennessee California Mississippi Virginia Idaho Utah West Virginia New Hampshire State Average New Mexico Oregon Kentucky Rhode Island Kansas Oklahoma New York Delaware South Dakota Arkansas Connecticut Alaska Wyoming Pennsylvania Illinois Wisconsin Michigan Texas South Carolina Vermont Minnesota Nebraska Ohio North Dakota Massachusetts Indiana Iowa New Jersey Maryland Missouri Montana Maine -0.3 f fgeorgia s public two-year in-district tuition and fees increased by 24.5 percent from to Note: Data provided by The College Board is adjusted for inflation to 2014 dollars using the Consumer Price Index All Urban Consumers. Source: College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2014