Community planning to promote physical activity among children:

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Community planning to promote physical activity among children:"

Kevin Dawson
8 years ago
Views:

1 Community planning to promote physical activity among children: What are the links between the built environment and PA? What works to promote PA in children? Bosön 14 September, 2011 Johan Faskunger PhD Physical Activity & Public Health

2 Come on! Lets move!

3 It s great fun

4 Physical activity is healthy

5 Coronary heart disease, cancer, diabetes, bl a bl a bl a

6 Government assignment, Can be downloaded from:

7 - Samhällsplanering för ett aktivt liv (Faskunger) - Barns miljöer för fysisk aktivitet (Faskunger) - På väg mot bättre förutsättningar till aktiv transport (Faskunger) - Äldres miljöer för fysisk aktivitet (Bergman-Stamblewski)

bättre förutsättningar till aktiv transport (Faskunger) -

8 Physical activity among school children Sufficiently active (1 h/dag): 22 % of 11-year old boys 20 % of 11-year old girls Fewer are active among the older kids: 10 % of 15-year old boys 10 % of 15- year old girls Swedish National Institute of Public Health, 2006

are active among the older kids: 10 % of 15-year old boys 10 % of

9 Physical activity: not only good for weight control!!! PA Weight control

10 Physical activity: Not only good for weight control!!! PA Quality of life Kompetence Balance Strength Goal setting Overcome challenges Coordination Energy expenditure Community cohesion Excitement Networking Play

Goal setting Overcome challenges Coordination Energy

11 Societal changes:

13 Trends for kids: * Less active transport to school * Freedom of movement diminished * High media exposure * Less spontanidrott * Less time spent outdoors * High share of kids involved in sports

14 Trends in active transport for kids: Early 1980 s: 94 % of 7-9 year-olds were allowed to walk on their own to school (Spolander, 1985) Year 2000: 77 % (Markör AB, 2001) Year 2006: 58 % (Vägverket, 2006)

15 Barn (7-9 år) som får gå utan vuxens sällskap till respektive m ålpunkt Andel Skola Fritidshem Lekplatser Idrottsplatser Simhall/badplats Grönområde Lekkamrater Bibliotek Affär Bio Share of kids that are allowed to travel on their own to different destinations. Comparison of different time periods. Sources: Krister Spolander 1981 och 1983, ARS 2000 och Markör 2003

Bio 1981 1983 2000 2003 Share of kids that are allowed to travel on their own to different

17 Barns miljö för fysisk aktivitet: Kids need more than just separate places (playgrounds) to develop skills, motor abilities, be physically active and discover their neighbourhood and their town/city! Very few children in Sweden today have a safe route to school for walking and cycling(reneland, 2004)

discover their neighbourhood and their town/city!

18 What works? Intervention: Number of studies: Evidence: Applicability: Ecological approaches with many settings and actions at the same time Stand-alone media- och information campaigns 10 Strong evidence Effective in different settings and groups 3 No or weak evidence May be important early in an intervention to raise community and political awareness Health education 13 Insufficient evidence, conflicting results More research needed P.E. in schools 16 Strong evidence Effective in different settings and groups Kahn et al (2002) The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: A systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 22 (45):

campaigns 10 Strong evidence Effective in different settings and groups 3 No or weak evidence May be important early in an intervention to raise community and

19 What works? Intervention: Number of studies: Evidence: Applicability: Community interventions 9 Strong evidence Effective in different settings and groups Behaviour change 20 Strong evidence Effective in different settings and groups Creating a supporting environment (built and social) and policy 12 Strong evidence Effective in different settings and groups Kahn et al (2002) The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: A systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 22 (45):

settings and groups Behaviour change 20 Strong evidence Effective in different settings and groups Creating a supporting

20 Sufficient evidence that schools is an effective setting to promote physical activity in kids: Health promotion in schools can improve children s health and well-being. Among the most effective programmes are those that promote mental health, healthy eating and physical activity WHO Regional Office for Europe (2006) What is the evidence on school health promotion in improving health or preventing disease and, specifically, what is the effectiveness of the health promoting schools approach? Köpenhamn.

Among the most effective programmes are those that promote mental health, healthy eating and physical activity WHO Regional

21 Built environment & physical activity

22 Built environment and physical activity among children (1): Parks, playgrounds: Sports- and exercise facilities: Access to sports- and play equipment: Access to toilets and water to drink: ++ Attractive surroundings: ++ Limstrand, T (2008) Environmental characteristics relevant to young people s use of sports facilities: a review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 18

23 Built environment and physical activity among children (2): Good accessibility in general: Convenient and safe to cycle: +++0 Plenty of sidewalks: ++0 High access to public transport: ++ Limstrand, T (2008) Environmental characteristics relevant to young people s use of sports facilities: a review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 18

24 Built environment and physical activity among children (3): High costs to participate: Living in segregated neighbourhood: - - Long distances: High traffic volume, few zebra crossings: Perceived unsafe environments and places: Limstrand, T (2008) Environmental characteristics relevant to young people s use of sports facilities: a review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 18

25 NICE (2008). Promoting and creating built or natural environments that encourage and support physical activity: Traffic calming Increase in walking, cycling, childrens play outdoors, substantial decrease in crashes Building multi-use trails Increase in walking and cycling Zoning Increase in walking, possibly in cycling as well Building cycle infrastructure Increase in cycling, decrease in crashes Building safe schoolways for walking and cycling Increase in walking and cycling Change the streetscape Increase in walking, time spent outdoors in children increases NICE (2006, 2008) Interventions that use the environment to encourage physical activity. London, NHS.

26 NICE (2008). Promoting and creating built or natural environments that encourage and support physical activity: Renew parks Increase in walking, higher awareness of parks as resource for PA Motivational signs/banners in stairs % higher use of stairs Painted patterns in school ground Increase in PA and play(up to 4 weeks) Measures to build new and improve existing infrastructure for walking and cycling is very cost-effective. Cost-benefit 1:11. NICE (2006; 2008) Interventions that use the environment to encourage physical activity. London, NHS.

27 Näridrottsplats, Mölndal in the Gothenburg region

28 Perceived safety: Perceived safety is a very important factor for PA outdoors, especially among kids, elderly and women Crime and incivilities may affect negatively, but still low understanding and little evidence Lack of lighting, street lights Traffic volume and high speed are the most common reasons why people feel unsafe Measures in the built environment can dramatically improve safety and perceived safety - traffic-calming and separate cycle paths in particular

29 Traffic calming narrowing the road

30 Traffic calming speed bumps

31 Traffic calming woonerf

32 Traffic calming roundabouts

33 Number of severely injured and killed in traffic, comparison Gothenburg and Stockholm SCB, SIKA och Vägverket

34 Number of severely injured and killed cyclists in Gothenburg and Stockholm SCB, SIKA och Vägverket

35 Gothenburg: 8 billion kr saved!!! Cost for traffic crashes+falls : 15 billion kr Traffic calming: 170 mkr Increased maintenance: 30 mkr 110 deaths and 2400 severe injuries prevented Savings = 8 billion kr Trafikkontoret i Gbg (2009) Historik, kunskap och analys för trafiksäkerhetsprogram

36 A manual for community planning to create supportive environments for physical activity: Swedish National Institute of Public Health, report 2010:04

38 Forthcoming report on spontanidrott : Sveriges kommuner o landsting Riksidrottsförbundet Spontanidrottsplatser för alla en utmaning för samhällsplaneringen

39 What are the changes needed?

40 How to create a supportive environment for PA? Build according to concept of Safe routes to school Increase freedom of movement through active community planning Renew social destinations Protect and renew parks and green areas Develop spontanidrottsplatser and recreational facilities

41 How to create a supportive environment for PA? Calm motor traffic Enhance perceived safety Aesthetics and attractiveness Reduce number of motor vehicles passing through neighbourhoods Develop school playgrounds

42 Johan Faskunger Fil dr Fysisk aktivitet & Folkhälsa Kurser Föreläsningar Utredningar Skribentuppdrag

Road Safety Duncan Vernon Road Safety Manager (England)

Road Safety Duncan Vernon Road Safety Manager (England) Road Safety Presented by: Duncan Vernon Road Safety Manager (England) Presentation Outline Context Cycling is high on the policy agenda at the moment Media: The Times Cities fit for cycling campaign Funding: