Exercise Science - A Review of Chapter 1

Transcription

1 Chapter 1 The Emergence of Exercise Science Exercise Science Parent Disciplines of Exercise Science Foundational Subdisciplines of Exercise Science Psychology Physics Biology & Chemistry 1

2 History & Sociology Choosing a Specialty Most undergraduate programs in exercise science do not emphasize a particular subdiscipline Thought towards a career alternative can identify appropriate minor fields of study to advance your career path Appropriate Minor Fields Health & Fitness Sport Psychology 2

3 Historical Overview of Exercise Science Motor Behavior Foundations (pre-1900) Edward Hitchcock, Jr. Associate Professor in the Department of Hygiene and Physical Education ( ) Foundations (cont.) Dudley Sargent: Harvard University, 1879 Studied the measurement of various aspects of physical fitness 3

4 Pre-emergence: Kinesiology ( ) 20 th century Widespread development of kinesiology courses in undergraduate physical education programs Pre-emergence: Kinesiology (cont.) TK Cureton Founded the Physical Fitness Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois (1948) Published numerous papers in psychomotor measurement, fitness, and exercise physiology Technical advances in the use of cinematography in the analysis of movement Basmajian (1962) published text on electromyography (electrical activity of muscles) Pre-emergence: Kinesiology (cont.) JW Bunn (1955) Text: Scientific Principles of Coaching (1955) Presented the mechanics in sport from an engineer s perspective Kinesiology giving way to biomechanics Advent of doctoral-level specialties in biomechanics w/n Departments of Physical Education 4

5 The Subdiscipline (1966--present) Significant events Journal of (1968) International seminar in biomechanics held for the first time in U.S. (1973) American Society of established (1973) Publication and standards for undergraduate kinesiology courses Development of another subdiscipline of biomechanics Motor Behavior Foundations (Pre-1945) Sherrington s definitive 1906 work in neurophysiology results in the coining of the word proprioception Coleman Griffin (1925) establishes the Athletic Research Laboratory Begins teaching courses and publishing in exercise and sport psychology WWII Interest in training pilots for the war effort 5

6 Motor Behavior Pre-emergence ( ) Physical educators emerge as a force in the development of motor behavior Significant published works Lawther, The Psychology of Coaching (1951) BJ Cratty, Movement Behavior and Motor Learning (1964) Bilodeau & Bilodeau, Principles of Skill Acquistion (1969) Motor Behavior The Subdiscipline (1966--Present) Research begins to from descriptive to examination and explanation of causes s closely tied to d specialization in graduate physical education programs Stronger preparation in psychology & statistics Motor Behavior Motor learning & motor development texts published (1967, 1968) North American Society for the Psychology of Sport & Physical Activity (NASPSPA) established (1967) Journal of Sport Psychology established (1979) Exercise & Sport Psychology established as a division of the American Psychological Association (1986) Sport Psychologist established (1987) 6

7 Motor Behavior Maturation of subdisciplines (motor control, motor learning & motor development) ing interaction w/ other disciplines (physiology, psychology, physics) Foundations (Pre-1945) Foundations (cont.) 7

8 Pre-emergence ( ) Cureton established the Physical Fitness Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois (1948) American College of Sports Medicine established (1954) Foundations (cont.) Conant (1962) challenged graduate programs in exercise physiology to cease until until the physical educators wishing to enter research careers in physiology of exercise had obtained the requisite knowledge to stand on equal footing w/ the undergraduate majors in these sciences. Exercise physiology developed into a respectable subdiscipline w/n the field of physical education. The Subdiscipline (1966--Present) 8

9 ACSM s journal Medicine and Science in Sports established (1969) Exercise physiology journal citations increase 1000 (1966) 1700 (1976) 3000 (1986) ACSM contributions Manual on standardization of professional preparation Guidelines for testing & prescription Many physical education programs declined Physical educators called themselves exercise physiologists to compete in a market in which employers were somewhat naïve. Louisiana implemented licensure for clinical exercise physiologists 9