Comparison of Greenhouse-Gas Emissions and Abatement Cost of Nuclear and Alternative Energy Options from a Life- Cycle Perspective
|
|
- Christine Mitchell
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Comparison of Greenhouse-Gas Emissions and Abatement Cost of Nuclear and Alternative Energy Options from a Life- Cycle Perspective - updated version* - Darmstadt, January 2006 prepared by Uwe R. Fritsche Coordinator Energy & Climate Division Öko-Institut, Darmstadt Office with support from Sui-San Lim (former staff scientist) *= an earlier version of t his paper was presented at the CNIC Conference on Nuclear Energy and Greenhouse-Gas Emissions, Tokyo, November 1997 Öko-Institut. All rights reserved Öko-Institut e.v. Darmstadt Office Rheinstr. 95 D Darmstadt ph: fax: Freiburg Office Merzhauser Str. 173 D Freiburg ph.: fax: Berlin Office Novalisstr. 10 D Berlin ph: fax:
2 Öko-Institut 2 Nuclear/CO 2 Contents 1 Introduction Nuclear Energy - Free of CO 2? Life-Cycle Analysis: A Comprehensive Scope Life-Cycle Analysis: Results for Nuclear Electricity Generation Costs CO2 and GHG Abatement Costs...8 References...9
3 Öko-Institut 1 Nuclear/CO 2 1 Introduction The political, societal, and scientific debate on nuclear energy has a long history: Starting in the early 1970ies with concerns about low-level radiation, nuclear accidents, and final disposal of spent fuel, the late 1970ies focused on limited energy resources for which nuclear promised relieve in applying reprocessing with breeder cycles. In this time frame, associated proliferation risks were discussed as well. In the 1980ies, the debate focused on the economics of nuclear power, and of its alternatives. In the 1990ies, global concerns regarding the greenhouse effect peaked in the Rio Convention on Climate Chance, and the Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse-gas emissions from industrialized countries which entered into force in February Accordingly, proponents argue that nuclear electricity is favourable in terms of its zero greenhouse-gas emissions. Since September 11, 2001, issues of nuclear terrorism are under discussion as well. In parallel to this debate, nuclear expansion slowed down due to rising costs, and a de-facto moratorium in OECD countries after the Harrisburg (1981), and Chernobyl (1986) accidents could be observed. Disregarding voices calling for a nuclear renaissance in the 1990ies and after, several European countries endorsed nuclear phase-out policies. In other parts of the (developing) world, nuclear electricity continued a rather slow expansion 1. As the issue of nuclear risks in its various forms from radiation released during uranium mining to severe reactor accidents, and leakage from fuel reprocessing and repositories for spent fuel - is beyond the scope of this paper, we concentrate the following analysis on the more recent issues for which a scientifically reasonable range of data is available. In that respect, two arguments favouring nuclear electricity can be identified: It is allegedly free of CO 2, and It is allegedly low cost. In this paper, we address both, presenting results of life-cycle cost and emission analyses of energy systems with respect to current technologies 2. We discuss the results with respect to other findings in the literature, and also indicate the cost-effectiveness of CO 2 abatement in the electricity sector. The scientific work from which this paper draws was sponsored by a variety of sources, including the German Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Protection, and Nuclear Safety (BMU), German Federal Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF), The Federal Environment Agency of Germany (UBA). 1 For details on the status and prospects of the world-wide nuclear industry, see Schneider/Froggatt (2004). 2 The original paper of 1997 was updated with the most recent GEMIS data. Also, currency data were converted from the original DM and US$ figures (in 1995 values) to Euro 2000 figures.
4 Öko-Institut 2 Nuclear/CO 2 2 Nuclear Energy - Free of CO 2? The apparent advantage of nuclear power plants is based on the fact that they do not emit CO 2 directly. However, the production of nuclear electricity includes ore mining and processing, enrichment of uranium, fuel fabrication etc. this is the so-called upstream fuel-cycle. Nuclear is not the only energy source needing upstream activities before electricity can be generated in a plant: also fossil fuels and biomass need extraction, processing, conversion, and transport. There are also downstream (post-plant) activities needed to process and store (nuclear) wastes. Furthermore, steel, concrete, and other materials are necessary for the construction of both the nuclear power plants, and the facilities in the up- and downstream fuel-cycle. If those are included, the analysis comprises the whole life-cycle of the nuclear system. The energy used for these purposes is partly produced by fossil energy (which causes greenhouse-gas emissions), and some additional greenhouse-gas emissions result directly from chemical reactions during material processing (e.g. cement production). Thus, nuclear powerplants as well as other energy facilities - indirectly emit CO 2, as well as other greenhouse gases. 3 Life-Cycle Analysis: A Comprehensive Scope Since the greenhouse effect works globally, and CO 2 emissions contribute to the greenhouse effect independently from their origin, the whole life-cycle of production from primary energy extraction to energy output has to be taken into account when considering or comparing greenhouse-gas emissions from energy processes. To do so, one has to follow all relevant steps along the life-cycles of energy technologies, tracking all activities which directly or indirectly emit greenhouse gases. The following figure shows the principle structure of energy fuel-cycles (i.e. life-cycles without including construction of facilities) in the left part, and material cycles in the right-hand part: Figure 1 Processes and Links in Energy (left) and Material (right) Cycles resource extraction energy transport resource extraction materials transport combustion conversion energy transport manufacturing transport materials product e.g. electricity = main energy flow = auxiliary energy flow product e.g. plastic
5 Öko-Institut 3 Nuclear/CO 2 Along the energy flow, emissions and other environmental impacts can occur in every step ( process ) of the cycle, depending on the technology and fuel characteristics. In addition to the direct flow of energy, one has to consider that it takes materials to build the energy facilities (e.g. powerplants, pipelines, transmission lines). For these material inputs, similar upstream cycles must be considered: The combination of both the energy and the material cycles gives the so-called life-cycle, in which three levels of impacts can occur: direct impacts from the operation of processes, indirect impacts from auxiliary inputs to these processes (including transports), and indirect impacts from manufacturing materials used during the construction of all processes. In reality, these levels are interlinked (e.g., electricity for steel making comes from a powerplant made of steel), so that life-cycle analysis considers the interactions between all processes. To make life-cycle analysis practical, one has to collect, and process a huge variety of data (including geographical variation of energy processes, fuel quality, transport distances, etc.). Öko-Institut maintains since 1987 a computer model called GEMIS (Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems) 3, in which this data is compiled, and continuously updated and expanded. The GEMIS database is shown in the following figure: 3 GEMIS is a multilingual model and database. For more information, see
6 Öko-Institut 4 Nuclear/CO 2 Figure 2 Principal Structure of the GEMIS Database 4 Life-Cycle Analysis: Results for Nuclear Electricity As nuclear energy is part of energy life-cycles, the GEMIS project also collected data on nuclear plants, their upstream fuel-cycle, and the materials needed to build nuclear plants. According to these data, the GEMIS model calculates some 31 grams of CO 2 per kwh of electricity generated in nuclear power plants in Germany. These calculations are based upon data for the whole life-cycle (complete production process including ore extraction, transformation, enrichment, and construction of all facilities). As not only CO 2 is emitted along the nuclear life-cycle, other greenhouse gases contribute to a total of some 33 g of CO 2 equivalents per kwh el from nuclear. The results of other international studies show higher CO 2 figures: 30 to 60 g/kwh el (IEA 1994; CRIEPI 1995) up to 120 g/kwh el for 0.1-1% ore grades (van Leeuwen/Smith 2004). In total, a nuclear power station of standard size (1250 MW, 6500 h/a) indirectly emits some 250,000 t (German conditions) per year. In comparison with the specific CO 2 emissions (per kwh) of alternative systems, e.g., cogeneration, renewable energies, and electricity saving, nuclear electricity is not the winner (see figure below).
7 Öko-Institut 5 Nuclear/CO 2 Figure 3 Life-Cycle CO 2 Emissions from Electricity Generation (GEMIS data) PV el. efficiency hydro ROR wind-offshore wind-onshore bio ICE cogen negative result due to cogen credit for avoided oil heating gas ICE cogen gas CC cogen coal cogen nuclear range for other countries coal ST Source: own calculation with GEMIS 4.3 CO 2 /kwh el (life-cycle) The negative emissions of cogeneration are the results of the following approach: When comparing electricity-only options like nuclear, wind etc. with combined heat and power (CHP) generation (i.e. cogeneration), one must deal with the additional non-electric - but still useful - heat output supplied by the cogeneration system. To do so, first the total CO 2 emissions of the cogeneration system (i.e. the emissions from generating both electricity and heat) are determined. Then, the emissions of a heating system delivering the same amount of heat are subtracted ( credited ), because the cogeneration system not only generates electricity, but also replaces heat supply from another system say, an oil heater and, hence, replaces also its emissions. For example, the production of 1 kwh of electricity in a gas-fired internal combustion engine (ICE) cogenerator substitutes about 2 kwh of heat which does not have to be produced separately. The CO 2 emissions thus saved are credited to the cogeneration system. The net CO 2 emissions of electricity from gas-fired ICE cogeneration plants are lower than the CO 2 emissions of electricity produced in nuclear power plants. For biogas cogeneration, the negative net figures are even higher, as biomass is CO 2 -neutral. Electricity saving and electricity from other renewable energy sources also clearly show fewer emissions.
8 Öko-Institut 6 Nuclear/CO 2 Besides CO 2, the upstream fuel cycles of fossil and biomass energy systems also cause other greenhouse-gas emissions (notably CH 4 and N 2 O), so that a more comprehensive comparison must take these non-co 2 greenhouse gases also into account. The following figure shows the overall greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions, expressed in CO 2 - equivalents 4. Figure 4 Life-Cycle GHG Emissions from Electricity Generation (GEMIS data) PV el. efficiency hydro ROR wind-offshore wind-onshore bio ICE cogen gas ICE cogen negative result due to cogen credit for avoided oil heating gas CC cogen coal cogen nuclear range for other countries coal ST CO 2 -eq./kwh el (life-cycle) Source: own calculation with GEMIS 4.3 The inclusion of the non-co 2 GHG does not effect nuclear life-cycle emissions, but increases those of coal, and natural gas systems. All in all, renewable electricity, and electricity efficiency have lower GHG emissions than nuclear electricity. Small-scale gas cogeneration plants are close to nuclear, while biogasfired cogeneration clearly has far lower emissions than nuclear plants 5. 4 The CO 2 equivalents are calculated using the IPCC global warming potentials for CH 4, and N 2 O, i.e. their relative radiative forcing compared to CO 2 (mass-based, for a time horizon of 100 years). 5 This is also true for other biomass-fired powerplants and cogenerators even if they biomass from dedication energy crops such as short-rotation forestry, miscanthus, or switchgrass.
9 Öko-Institut 7 Nuclear/CO 2 5 Generation Costs An important issue in the discussion on nuclear energy is the amount of costs associated with the generation of a kwh of electricity. A broad range of data on investment, operating and decommissioning costs exists for nuclear plans, as indicated in the table below. Generation costs of nuclear power (1250 MW el, PWR) NEA/IEA (2005) Parameter Units Min max GEMIS Investment /kw el fixed O&M /kw*a ,5 Fuel & disposal /MWh el Operating time h/a Lifetime a generation cost* 7% real interest rate cent/kwh el The generation costs of new nuclear plants differ depending on various parameters. The range is 4.5 to 6.5 cent 2000 per kilowatt hour for current reactor designs, with GEMIS data for Germany in the order of 5 cent/kwh el. In GEMIS, a variety of other electricity generation technologies is available as well for emission and cost comparisons. Figure 5 shows the costs of selected other electricity systems. Figure 5 Specific costs (without external costs) of German electricity systems PV el. efficiency hydro ROR wind-offshore wind-onshore bio ICE cogen gas ICE cogen gas CC cogen coal cogen nuclear coal ST cent/kwh el Source: own calculation with GEMIS 4.3
10 Öko-Institut 8 Nuclear/CO 2 The figure clearly shows that assertions of low nuclear power costs are no longer valid (see IPSEP 1995 for details). The costs of other alternative systems without particular risks (e.g. cogeneration, DSM) are essentially lower than the low costs margins of new nuclear plants. These systems are competitive and their costs are also lower. They will be even more favourable if the upper limit cost of nuclear electricity is assumed. 6 CO 2 and GHG Abatement Costs To determine the costs of CO 2 (or more general: GHG) abatement, one has to select a reference option (e.g., coal- or gas-fired powerplant), and then calculate the emission and cost differences of this reference option to alternative generation technologies. The specific GHG abatement costs are then calculated as the ratio of the quantity of avoided GHG emission, and the cost difference to the reference option. With GEMIS, the specific abatement costs can be calculated easily, because the model determines both the life-cycle emissions, and costs. In Figure 6, the results of the GEMIS calculation is shown for selected electricity systems. Figure 6 Specific GHG abatement costs for selected electricity systems el. efficiency hydro ROR w ind-offshore wind-onshore bio ICE cogen gas ICE cogen gas CC cogen coal cogen nuclear /t CO 2 equiv. Source: own calculation with GEMIS 4.3 As can be seen, the coal-fired cogeneration plant, the gas-cc cogen system offer negative CO 2 abatement costs, i.e. their costs are below the reference option (new coal-fired power station with world-market hard coal), and also their emissions. Thus using those options instead of a coal plant, one could save costs while reducing GHG emissions.
11 Öko-Institut 9 Nuclear/CO 2 GHG abatement costs for electricity efficiency technologies, and biogas-fired ICE cogen plants are below those of nuclear electricity, while wind (offshore) is in the same order of abatement cost. Small-scale gas ICE cogen plants, wind-onshore, and new hydro run-of-river plants have higher generation costs than the reference option, so that their GHG abatement costs are positive - between 35 and 45 Euro/t of CO 2 equivalent avoided. Nuclear electricity compares to that with a range of Euro/t of CO 2 equivalent avoided, depending on the study used to determine the generation cost, and the country-specific lifecycle emissions. If we are optimistic and use the low range of nuclear GHG abatement costs to compare with the fossil alternatives (cogeneration) and renewable energy (biomass and offshore wind) as well as some electricity efficiency, the alternative mix offers GHG abatement costs three to four times lower than those of nuclear power. This brief comparison clearly shows that renewable and DSM options (including gas-fired cogeneration with combined-cycles) are more competitive in terms of GHG abatement costs, even if no external cost value is allocated to the risks of nuclear electricity. This finding is true not only for Germany, but in general also for other industrial and developing countries, too - the life-cycles do not vary much, and the costs are determined on world-market data. References Chapman, P.F. (1975): Energy Analysis of Nuclear Power Stations, in: Energy Policy (Dec. 1975), p CRIEPI (Central Research Institute of the Electric Power Industry) 1995: Comparison of CO2 Emission Factors between Process Analysis and I/O-Analysis, Working Document prepared for IAEA, Tokyo IEA (International Energy Agency) 1994: Energy and the Environment, Transport Systems Responses in the OECD - Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Road Transport Technology, Paris Mortimer, N.D. (1991): Nuclear power and carbon dioxide, the fallacy of the nuclear industry's new propaganda; in: The Ecologist vol. 21 no. 3 NEA (Nuclear Energy Agency)/IEA (International Energy Agency) 2005: Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2005 update, Paris OEKO (Öko-Institut Institute for applied Ecology) 1996: The GEMIS Project - final report for version 3.0 (with updates for version 3.08 in 1998) - see OEKO (Öko--Institut Institute for applied Ecology) 2005: GEMIS Version 4.3, internet release, December 2005 (see Schneider, Mycle/Froggatt, Antony (2004): The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2004, Brussels (December) van Leeuwen, J.W.S./Smith, Philip (2004): Can nuclear power provide energy for the future; would it solve the CO2-emission problem?
NEW NUCLEAR POWER PLANT UNIT IN FINLAND ACCEPTED BY THE FINNISH PARLIAMENT
International Conference Nuclear Energy for New Europe 2002 Kranjska Gora, Slovenia, September 9-12, 2002 www.drustvo-js.si/gora2002 NEW NUCLEAR POWER PLANT UNIT IN FINLAND ACCEPTED BY THE FINNISH PARLIAMENT
More informationCOMPARISON OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION COSTS
Tarjanne Risto, Kivistö Aija COMPARISON OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION COSTS LAPPEENRANNAN TEKNILLINEN YLIOPISTO LAPPEENRANTA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY TEKNILLINEN TIEDEKUNTA ENERGIA- JA YMPÄRISTÖTEKNIIKAN OSASTO
More informationWNA Report. Comparison of Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Various Electricity Generation Sources
WNA Report Comparison of Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Various Electricity Generation Sources Contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Scope and Objectives 2-4 3. Methodology 5 4. Summary of Assessment Findings
More informationCOMPETITIVENESS COMPARISON OF THE ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION ALTERNATIVES (PRICE LEVEL MARCH 2003)
LAPPEENRANTA UNIVERSITY OF TEHCNOLOGY RESEARCH REPORT EN B-156 COMPETITIVENESS COMPARISON OF THE ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION ALTERNATIVES (PRICE LEVEL MARCH 2003) Risto Tarjanne, Kari Luostarinen ISBN 951-764-895-2
More informationThe External and Social Costs of Energy Technologies
SIXTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME [6.1] [ Sustainable Energy Systems] The External and Social Costs of Energy Technologies Rainer Friedrich Universitaet Stuttgart Brussels, February 16, 2009 Social Costs = total
More informationNuclear power is part of the solution for fighting climate change
Nuclear power is part of the solution for fighting climate change "Nuclear for Climate" is an initiative undertaken by the members of the French Nuclear Energy Society (SFEN), the American Nuclear Society
More informationA clean energy solution from cradle to grave
Environmental Product Declaration A clean energy solution from cradle to grave Offshore wind power plant employing SWT-6.0-154 siemens.com / wind 2 Assessing the performance of a wind power plant The environmental
More informationDraft consolidated baseline and monitoring methodology ACM00XX
Draft consolidated baseline and monitoring methodology ACM00XX Consolidated baseline and monitoring methodology for new grid connected fossil fuel fired power plants using a less GHG intensive technology
More informationGHG Accounting Guidance Note Manufacture of Renewable Energy Climate Related Products
GHG Accounting Guidance Note Manufacture of Renewable Energy Climate Related Products IFC CLIMATE BUSINESS GROUP SEPTEMBER 2011 Introduction The following is an overview guidance for IFC investment staff
More informationPreparatory Paper on Focal Areas to Support a Sustainable Energy System in the Electricity Sector
Preparatory Paper on Focal Areas to Support a Sustainable Energy System in the Electricity Sector C. Agert, Th. Vogt EWE Research Centre NEXT ENERGY, Oldenburg, Germany corresponding author: Carsten.Agert@next-energy.de
More informationProjected Costs of Generating Electricity
Executive Summary Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2015 Edition Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2015 Edition INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC
More informationHeating technology mix in a future German energy system dominated by renewables
Heating technology mix in a future German energy system dominated by renewables Prof. Dr. Hans-Martin Henning Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE 4 th Congress of Polish Organization of Heat
More informationOBSTACLES TO GREEN ELECTRICITY GENERATION BUSINESS
OBSTACLES TO GREEN ELECTRICITY GENERATION BUSINESS Arta Denina¹, Janis Zvanitajs² Riga Technical University Faculty of Engineering and Management Meza str. 1/7, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia E-mail: ¹arta.denina@gmail.com,
More informationRenewable vs. non-renewable energy sources, forms and technologies prepared by. A.Gritsevskyi, IAEA
Renewable vs. non-renewable energy sources, forms and technologies prepared by. A.Gritsevskyi, IAEA Objective of this paper is to provide International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES) with
More informationElectricity Use and Production Patterns
This publication explains issues relevant to the production of electricity for the state of Wisconsin. It addresses basic power plant technologies and fuels, how the state s demand for reliable electricity
More informationNuclear Power s Role in Enhancing Energy Security in a Dangerous World Al Shpyth, B.A., M.E.S. Director, Government Relations Cameco Corporation
Nuclear Power s Role in Enhancing Energy Security in a Dangerous World Al Shpyth, B.A., M.E.S. Director, Government Relations Cameco Corporation Introduction: Should we be concerned about energy security?
More informationDraft Large-scale Consolidated Methodology ACM00XX: Construction of a new natural gas power plant
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CDM-MP66-A01 Draft Large-scale Consolidated Methodology ACM00XX: Construction of a new natural gas power plant COVER NOTE 1. Procedural background 1. The Executive Board of
More informationTHE NET BENEFITS OF LOW AND NO-CARBON ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIES
GLOBAL ECONOMY & DEVELOPMENT WORKING PAPER 73 MAY 2014 Global Economy and Development at BROOKINGS THE NET BENEFITS OF LOW AND NO-CARBON ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIES Charles R. Frank, Jr. Global Economy and
More informationThe Social Costs of Energy Consumption
The Social Costs of Energy Consumption Literaturliste Prof. Dr. Olav Hohmeyer Universität Flensburg Rio 02 World Climate & Energy Event Copacabana Palace, Rio de Janeiro 6.-11. January 2002 Prof. Dr. Olav
More informationMCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE
1 MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE 1. The volume of a given mass of water at a temperature of T 1 is V 1. The volume increases to V 2 at temperature T 2. The coefficient of volume expansion of water may be calculated
More informationLevelized Cost and Levelized Avoided Cost of New Generation Resources in the Annual Energy Outlook 2015
June 2015 Levelized Cost and Levelized Avoided Cost of New Generation Resources in the Annual Energy Outlook 2015 This paper presents average values of levelized costs for generating technologies that
More informationLevelised Unit Electricity Cost Comparison of Alternate Technologies for Baseload Generation in Ontario
Canadian Energy Research Institute Levelised Unit Electricity Cost Comparison of Alternate Technologies for Baseload Generation in Ontario Matt Ayres Senior Director, Research Electricity Morgan MacRae
More informationA sustainable energy and climate policy for the environment, competitiveness and long-term stability
2009-02-05 A sustainable energy and climate policy for the environment, competitiveness and long-term stability The party leaders of Alliance for Sweden entered into an agreement today on a long-term,
More informationGroupwork CCS. Bio-Energy with CCS (BECCS) Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Groupwork CCS Bio-Energy with CCS (BECCS) group 5 02.05.2015 1 Content What is BECCS? Stakeholder Analysis Resources on Global scale SWOT analysis Climate BECCS Technology Conclusions Outlook group 5 02.05.2015
More informationEnergy Options in a Carbon Constrained World. Martin Sevior, School of Physics, University of Melbourne http://nuclearinfo.net
Energy Options in a Carbon Constrained World. Martin Sevior, School of Physics, University of Melbourne Energy underpins our Civilization Imagine one week without Electricity Imagine one week without Motorized
More informationEU renewable energy and biofuel targets what will they mean?
EU renewable energy and biofuel targets what will they mean? Background The EU Commission has today tabled proposals for reductions in carbon dioxide emissions a 20% cut by 2020. Alongside this legally
More informationTHE GERMAN ENERGIEWENDE CHANCES, CHALLENGES AND OUTLOOKS
THE GERMAN ENERGIEWENDE CHANCES, CHALLENGES AND OUTLOOKS THE END OF NUCLEAR POWER TILL 2022 BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN Name (über Ansicht-> Master -> Folienmaster auf je erster Folie vor Titelfolie ändern)
More informationCutting Australia s Carbon Abatement Costs with Nuclear Power
Cutting Australia s Carbon Abatement Costs with Nuclear Power Martin Nicholson, October 2011 Abstract The Australian Government Treasury modelling of a carbon price shows that Australia must purchase the
More informationComparison of Recent Trends in Sustainable Energy Development in Japan, U.K., Germany and France
Comparison of Recent Trends in Sustainable Energy Development in Japan, U.K., Germany and France Japan - U.S. Workshop on Sustainable Energy Future June 26, 2012 Naoya Kaneko, Fellow Center for Research
More informationNetherlands National Energy Outlook 2014
Netherlands National Energy Outlook 2014 Summary Michiel Hekkenberg (ECN) Martijn Verdonk (PBL) (project coordinators) February 2015 ECN-E --15-005 Netherlands National Energy Outlook 2014 Summary 2 The
More informationNuclear Power - an Environmental Friendly, Clean, Reliable and Safe Electrical Power Source for Today and for the Future
Nuclear Power - an Environmental Friendly, Clean, Reliable and Safe Electrical Power Source for Today and for the Future Randy Ebright Engineering Director D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant American Electric Power
More informationSmart Grids initiative. Electrical Engineering Institute of Renewable Energies Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Alexander von Scheven 1
- Smart Grids initiative Electrical Engineering Institute of Renewable Energies Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Alexander von Scheven 1 Agenda in Germany - the German Smart Grids initiative 4. First - 5. Outlook and
More informationThe potential of the usage of renewable energy in the Czech Republic
The potential of the usage of renewable energy in the Czech Republic Vukica Janković Helena Mitwallyová Vukica Janković: University of Economics, Prague, Nám. Winstona Churchilla 4, Prague 3, 13000, Czech
More informationImplications of Abundant Natural Gas
Implications of Abundant Natural Gas JAE EDMONDS AND HAEWON MCJEON APRIL 2013 May 29, 2013 1 Background May 29, 2013 2 The natural gas revolution The application of technologies for accessing unconventional
More informationIn 2013, the Spanish economy emits 316.9 million tonnes of greenhouse effect gases, 7.8% less than in 2012
20 November 2015 Environmental accounts. Atmospheric Emission Accounts. Base 2010. Accounting series 2010-2013 In 2013, the Spanish economy emits 316.9 million tonnes of greenhouse effect gases, 7.8% less
More informationNuclear Energy Factsheet
Nuclear Energy Factsheet The issues around the generation of electricity through nuclear energy are many and varied, this factsheet is intended to focus on the environmentally-related concerns. It does
More informationFinance in implementing a sustainability policy. Frans Rooijers - director CE Delft
Finance in implementing a sustainability policy Frans Rooijers - director CE Delft CE Delft Independent research and consultancy since 1978 Transport, energy and resources Know-how on economics, technology
More information10 Nuclear Power Reactors Figure 10.1
10 Nuclear Power Reactors Figure 10.1 89 10.1 What is a Nuclear Power Station? The purpose of a power station is to generate electricity safely reliably and economically. Figure 10.1 is the schematic of
More informationReasons for the drop of Swedish electricity prices
Reasons for the drop of Swedish electricity prices Project for Svensk Energi Dr. Lion Hirth Neon Neue Energieökonomik GmbH Karl-Marx-Platz 12, 12043 Berlin, Germany hirth@neon-energie.de Summary report
More informationGermany's energy transition: Status quo and Challenges.
Ulrich Benterbusch Germany's energy transition: Status quo and Challenges. 2 nd Session Group of Experts on Renewable Energy, UNECE, Geneva 1 Agenda. Energy transition: Status quo and official goals. German
More informationBIOENERGY IN GERMANY: STATUS QUO AND OUTLOOK
fnr.de BIOENERGY IN GERMANY: STATUS QUO AND OUTLOOK Berlin 24 Oct 2014 Vincent Pelikan Outline Bioenergy in Germany The Agency for Renewable Resources (FNR) A Success Story Status quo o Bioenergy as a
More informationTHE CONSTRUCTION OF. Natural Gas 11% Coal 12% Industry 49% Nuclear 18%
THE CONSTRUCTION OF OLKILUOTO 3 IN FINLAND ND A CASE STUDY Summary The recent publication of the energy review and CoRWM s findings have ensured nuclear is currently top of the news agenda. With new build
More informationGas-Fired Power HIGHLIGHTS
Gas-Fired Power HIGHLIGHTS PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY STATUS Approximately 21% of the world s electricity production is based on natural gas. The global gas-fired generation capacity amounts to 1168 GW e (2007).
More informationWestern Forest Economists 43 rd Annual Meeting May, 7, 2008
Western Forest Economists 43 rd Annual Meeting May, 7, 2008 Biomass Energy Economics Presented by John R. Martin, P.E. Pacific Energy Systems, Inc. 15160 NW Laidlaw Road Portland, Oregon 503-227-7611 JohnM@PacificEnergySystems.com
More informationSPANISH EXPERIENCE IN RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY. Anton Garcia Diaz Economic Bureau of the Prime Minister
SPANISH EXPERIENCE IN RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY Anton Garcia Diaz Economic Bureau of the Prime Minister «Symposium on Strengthening Sino-Spain cooperation in multiple Fields» New Energy Cooperation
More informationGenerating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Pros:
P a g e 1 Generating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Generating Electrical Energy Using Moving Water: Hydro-Electric Generation
More information12.5: Generating Current Electricity pg. 518
12.5: Generating Current Electricity pg. 518 Key Concepts: 1. Electrical energy is produced by energy transformations. 2. Electrical energy is produced from renewable and non-renewable resources. 4. Electrical
More informationWHEN AN EFFECTIVE EU ENERGY POLICY?
WHEN AN EFFECTIVE EU ENERGY POLICY? A. Clerici ABB Italy Honorary Chairman of WEC Italy Chairman of WEC WG The future role of nuclear in Europe 1 INDEX 1. General Comments 2. Vulnerability 3. Transmission
More informationModule 1: Introduction to Industrial Energy Management
Module 1: Introduction to Industrial Energy Management Organisations that successfully manage energy have business processes to plan, monitor, and control energy use, just as they do for other corporate
More informationThe Energy Transition in Germany Past, Present and Future
The Energy Transition in Germany Past, Present and Future smart energy Paraná, Conferência International 2014 9 May 2014 Dr. Carsten Tschamber A Brief History of the Energiewende 1973 - oil crisis, Federal
More informationThe Cost of Generating Electricity A COMMENTARY
The Cost of Generating Electricity A COMMENTARY on a study carried out by PB Power for The Royal Academy of Engineering THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING Costs of Generating Electricity Commentary by the
More informationPower Generation. Lilian Macleod Power Supply Manager National Grid
Power Generation Place your chosen image here. The four corners must just cover the arrow tips. For covers, the three pictures should be the same size and in a straight line. This text box and image can
More informationACCELERATING GREEN ENERGY TOWARDS 2020. The Danish Energy Agreement of March 2012
ACCELERATING GREEN ENERGY TOWARDS The Danish Energy Agreement of March 2012 The most ambitious energy plan of the world In March 2012 a historic new Energy Agreement was reached in Denmark. The Agreement
More informationOur financing of the energy sector in 2013
Our financing of the energy sector in 213 rbs.com/sustainable About this document This report is the fourth Our financing of the energy sector briefing that we have produced since 21. The aim remains the
More informationEnergy [R]evolution vs. IEA World Energy Outlook scenario
Energy [R]evolution vs. IEA World Energy Outlook scenario New set of scenarios takes climate crisis into account World Energy Outlook (WEO) 2008 for the first time takes the climate crisis really into
More informationThe Greenhouse Gas Protocol
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Introduction to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard provides
More informationNUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION. Advantages and disadvantages of different technologies and fuel sources; risks and opportunities
NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION Submission on Issues Paper 3: Advantages and disadvantages of different technologies and fuel sources; risks and opportunities 3.8 What issues should be considered in
More informationGermany Energy efficiency report
Germany Energy efficiency report Objectives: 231 TWh of end-user energy savings by 216 Overview 29 2-29 (% / year) Primary intensity (EU=1) 1 99 + -1.3% - CO 2 intensity (EU=1) 16 - -1.6% - CO 2 emissions
More informationBiowaste to Energy Examples from Germany
Energy Biowaste to Energy Examples from Germany Christine Wörlen, Ph.D. Arepo Consult, Berlin www.german-renewable-energy.com Outline Role of bioenergy and organic waste in German energy mix Development
More informationBIOENERGY (FROM NORWEGIAN FORESTS) GOOD OR BAD FOR THE CLIMATE?
Presentation at NordGen Skog conference Odense, September 13-14, 2011 BIOENERGY (FROM NORWEGIAN FORESTS) GOOD OR BAD FOR THE CLIMATE? Per Kristian Rørstad Dept. of Ecology and Natural Resource Management
More informationA macro-economic viewpoint. What is the real cost of offshore wind? siemens.com / wind
A macro-economic viewpoint What is the real cost of offshore wind? siemens.com / wind in the cost debate A broader view of the value of renewables. Globally, installed power generation capacity currently
More informationSuccess story: Feed-In Tariffs Support renewable energy in Germany
Success story: Feed-In Tariffs Support renewable energy in Germany This document will show how this success story has been brought about and is made up of the following sections: 1. What is a Feed-In Tariff?
More informationRe-assessing Costs in the European Power Sector. July 2013
Re-assessing Costs in the European Power Sector July 2013 The rise in non-conventional energy production in the United States along with the need to rebuild Europe s economy has led to a new focus and
More informationRenewable Energy Research
Renewable Energy Research Georgia Power and Southern Company have been active in renewable energy research for many years. Over the last five years we have invested six million dollars in renewable energy
More informationCommunicating Your Commitment: Your Guide to Clean Energy Messaging
Communicating Your Commitment: Your Guide to Clean Energy Messaging Congratulations on your recent purchase of clean energy from Renewable Choice! Whether you ve purchased green power in the form of renewable
More informationGrowing your greenhouse business faster with gas engines.
Growing your greenhouse business faster with gas engines. Our combined heat and power engines can increase the efficiency and profitability of your greenhouses. Because it s not just your plants that need
More informationRenewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Key features, development and perspectives
Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Key features, development and perspectives Nicolas Oetzel Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety Division KI III 1, General and
More informationJapan s Long Term Nuclear Power Policy and Rising Need for Energy in East Asia 1. Shinzo SAITO Vice Chairman Atomic Energy Commission of Japan
Japan s Long Term Nuclear Power Policy and Rising Need for Energy in East Asia 1 Shinzo SAITO Vice Chairman Atomic Energy Commission of Japan Thank you Mr. chairman for your kind introduction. Good Morning
More informationSUSTAINABLE ENERGY BLUEPRINT
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY BLUEPRINT A PLAUSIBLE STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING A NO-NUCLEAR, LOW- CARBON, HIGHLY-EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FUTURE The following statement outlines an ambitious but doable strategy
More informationDo-Now. 1.) Get out notebook.
Do-Now 1.) Get out notebook. 2.) Answer the following questions on the first clean sheet in your notebook. 1.) What are renewable resources? 2.) What are nonrenewable resources? Alternative Sources of
More informationIssue paper: Definition of primary and secondary energy
Issue paper: Definition of primary and secondary energy Prepared as input to Chapter 3: Standard International Energy Classification (SIEC) in the International Recommendation on Energy Statistics (IRES)
More informationMaking Coal Use Compatible with Measures to Counter Global Warming
Making Use Compatible with Measures to Counter Global Warming The J-POWER Group is one of the biggest coal users in Japan, consuming approximately 2 million tons of coal per year at eight coal-fired power
More informationANNEX D ELECTRICITY MARKET REFORM: UPDATE ON THE EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE STANDARD
ANNEX D ELECTRICITY MARKET REFORM: UPDATE ON THE EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE STANDARD Contents Excutive Summary... 3 Background... 3 Level and Compliance... 4 Administration - Monitoring and Enforcment arrangements...
More informationby Dr. Reinhard Loske
by Dr. Reinhard Loske Former State Minister for Environment and European Affairs, Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (2007-2011) Former Member of Parliament in the German Bundestag (Federal Parliament) and
More informationClimate Change and Nuclear Power
Climate Change and Nuclear Power Published April 2000 by WWF-World Wide Fund for Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund), Gland, Switzerland. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must
More informationCategory 3: Fuel- and Energy-Related Activities Not Included in Scope 1 or Scope 2
3 Category 3: Fuel- and Energy-Related Activities Not Included in Scope 1 or Scope 2 Category description T his category includes emissions related to the production of fuels and energy purchased and consumed
More informationEffects of a White Certificate trading scheme on the energy system of the EU-27
Effects of a White Certificate trading scheme on the energy system of the EU-27 Ralf Kuder Institute of Energy Economics and the Rational Use of Energy University of Stuttgart 08.09.2009, Vienna Overview
More informationPersonal Power Stations: The Australian Market for Micro-Combined Heat and Power to 2021
Personal Power Stations: The Australian Market for Micro-Combined Heat and Power to 2021 A Private Report for Strategic Research Clients 1.0 Overview Personal power plant technology could cost effectively
More informationHow to Earn the LEED Green Power Credit
3D EG REES WH ITE PAPER How to Earn the LEED Green Power Credit Using on-site and off-site renewable energy to mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions associated with a LEED project s energy use
More informationEfficiency Metrics for CHP Systems: Total System and Effective Electric Efficiencies
Efficiency Metrics for CHP Systems: Total System and Effective Electric Efficiencies Combined heat and power (CHP) is an efficient and clean approach to generating power and thermal energy from a single
More informationEnergy Projections 2006 2030 Price and Policy Considerations. Dr. Randy Hudson Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Energy Projections 2006 2030 Price and Policy Considerations Dr. Randy Hudson Oak Ridge National Laboratory There is perhaps no single current topic so potentially impacting to all life on this planet
More informationAnnual Electricity and Heat Questionnaire
Annual Electricity and Heat Questionnaire IEA Statistics Course Pierre Boileau International Energy Agency OVERVIEW Global trends in electricity production 1973-2009 IEA Annual Electricity and Heat Questionnaire
More informationFact Sheet on China s energy sector and Danish solutions
Fact Sheet on China s energy sector and Danish solutions 1. EXPANSION WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY: China focuses on a massive expansion with non fossil energy that is renewable energy and nuclear energy. The
More informationEnergy Megatrends 2020
Energy Megatrends 2020 Esa Vakkilainen 1 NOTE The data included in the following is mainly based on International Energy Agency's (IEA) World Energy Outlook 2007 IEA is considered the most reliable source
More information310 Exam Questions. 1) Discuss the energy efficiency, and why increasing efficiency does not lower the amount of total energy consumed.
310 Exam Questions 1) Discuss the energy efficiency, and why increasing efficiency does not lower the amount of total energy consumed. 2) What are the three main aspects that make an energy source sustainable?
More informationThe Economics of Nuclear Power: Is New Nuclear Competitive?
The Economics of Nuclear Power: Is New Nuclear Competitive? Craig A. Severance CPA Author, Business Risks and Costs of New Nuclear Power (2009) Co-Author, The Economics of Nuclear and Coal Power (1976)
More informationPICKING WINNERS: UNDERSTANDING THE FUTURE COST OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN AUSTRALIA
Keywords: energy, investment, alternative energy sources, capital costs. PICKING WINNERS: UNDERSTANDING THE FUTURE COST OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN AUSTRALIA With liberalised electricity markets, investment
More informationINDONESIA S COUNTRY REPORT ENCOURAGING CLEAN ENERGY INITIATIVE
DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT REPUBLIK INDONESIA INDONESIA S COUNTRY REPORT ENCOURAGING CLEAN ENERGY INITIATIVE As part of the international community, Indonesia shares its concern on the environment and development
More informationSolar: Power Today. June 2011
Solar: Power Today June 2011 Residential 1-10 kw Commercial Rooftop 10 kw 1 MW Utility Scale 1 MW 250 MW Solar Growing Rapidly, Averaging 65% Compound Annual Growth Rate for the Past 5 Years 17 nuclear
More informationScope 1 describes direct greenhouse gas emissions from sources that are owned by or under the direct control of the reporting entity;
9 Greenhouse Gas Assessment 9.1 Introduction This chapter presents an assessment of the potential greenhouse gas emissions associated with the Simandou Railway and evaluates the significance of these in
More informationProject Idea Note: Solar Water Heating Fee-For-Service Program in the Caribbean
PROJECT IDEA NOTE (Based on the World Bank s PIN Template, with Some Adaptations) A. Project description, type, location and schedule Name of Project: Solar Water Heating Fee-for-Service Program in the
More informationThe Real Cost of Electrical Energy. Outline of Presentation
2 Outline of Presentation Data Sources Electricity Demand and Supply Cost to Meet Demand Profile Electricity Pricing Cost Impact of Dispatching Generation (Load Following) Simplifying Assumptions Electricity
More informationA Discussion of PEM Fuel Cell Systems and Distributed Generation
A Discussion of PEM Fuel Cell Systems and Distributed Generation Jeffrey D. Glandt, M. Eng. Principal Engineer, Solutions Engineering May 2011 The information contained in this document is derived from
More informationDirtier than coal? Why Government plans to subsidise burning trees are bad news for the planet
Dirtier than coal? Why Government plans to subsidise burning trees are bad news for the planet Summary The UK Bioenergy Strategy set a clear direction for future bioenergy policy, including commitments
More informationRole of Natural Gas in a Sustainable Energy Future
Role of Natural Gas in a Sustainable Energy Future Alexander Medvedev, Deputy Chairman of Gazprom Management Committee, Director General of Gazprom Export 2 nd Ministerial Gas Forum Doha, 30 November 2010
More informationIntegrating End-User and Grid Focused Batteries and Long-Term Power-to-Gas Storage for Reaching a 100 % Renewable Energy Supply
Integrating End-User and Grid Focused Batteries and Long-Term Power-to-Gas Storage for Reaching a 100 % Renewable Energy Supply M. Hlusiak, Ch. Breyer 7 th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference
More informationResults scenario comparison WP 5.2
Results scenario comparison WP 5.2 European sustainable electricity; comprehensive analysis of future European demand and generation of European electricity and its security of supply (EU-SUSTEL) Half
More informationForatom event 29 April 2015
Foratom event 29 April 2015 New nuclear in the UK and Electricity Market Reform Colin Parker Head of European Liaison - EDF Energy 1 April 2015 EDF Energy plc. All rights reserved. EDF Energy A UK energy
More information