standardization and Business Intelligence C N E S - U T C

Transcription

1 standardization and Business Intelligence C N E S - U T C

2 Introduction Jean-Marc Picard Université de Technologie de Compiègne 18 years in the services to industry sector, including 10 years as Marketing, Quality and Security Director of a computer services firm employing 1500 engineers 7 years as a research teacher and expert for industry SQS auditor: : ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS Participation in more than 100 certified QSs Cofrac CAI member Representative of the Minister of the Interior and Vice-President of GIS Afnor for the protection and security of the citizen Defence advisor to the Minister of the Interior for security standardization Member of the IHESI/INHES Business Intelligence working group Former Vice-President of IHESI/INHES auditors (French national institute of advanced security studies) Former Vice-President of IMDR-SDF Former editor of the "Monde Informatique" Former consultant in charge of competition surveys for IBM Recent industrial references: : ELTA, Filtrauto,, Edf, EADS, Thales, L Oréal, Fce Télécom, Hispano Suiza,, Snecma, Renault, PSA, VDO, Sector,, Ratp, ADP.

3 Publications

4 An OECD report: "Space 2030" With their unique characteristics, space resources can help us tackle many major social challenges. There could be a promising future for space activities, including public sector applications. The public authorities have a decisive part to play in building an institutional, legal and regulatory framework for space activities. The legal framework remains uncertain in many countries Activity is restricted by uncertainties Private players do not pay enough attention to new regulatory frameworks Institutional responsibilities are not clearly allocated.

5 Understanding the mechanisms and becoming part of them The space sector, for example, is no longer an exclusive preserve. It drives industrial activities on a world scale and in a fully competitive environment. Consequences: The activities involved can no longer escape the international laws and mechanisms governing markets: WTO/EU/TBT. Two areas are particularly noteworthy: standardization Largely defined by markets and alliances Technical regulations. These areas will control and condition activity. Business Intelligence means being a doer rather than a bystander.

6 Business Intelligence and standardization Most standards organisations are NGOs. In creating standards, they make, confirm or break markets. standardization is not only at the heart of technology in general and trade in particular,, but also governs all technical regulations at the European level (or world level in the case of the WTO). This means that it also conditions security and defence provisions and policies, including in the field of economic security.

7 Business Intelligence and standardization standardization is an extension of contract law. Its roots and processes are inspired by those of Common Law. standardization can build quasi-legal systems that "bypass"" national or even regional systems. It can have an impact on regulations through a number of complex mechanisms. Nations no longer have the same freedom in technical regulation: WTO TBT EU Directive 98/34 This is at the heart of the Homeland Security Standards Panel, for example. Here is a brief overview of these mechanisms.

8 Business Intelligence and standardization Standards organisations are precisely listed by: WTO EU Other regions Most standards organisations are NGOs World General ISO Vienna agreement 1991 JTC1 Electricity Electrical engineering IEC (CEI) Lugano agreement 1990 revised in Dresden in 1996 Telecom ITU Independent or even private organisations ECSS IEEE, etc. Europe CEN CENELEC ETSI France AFNOR UTE ETSI Fce

9 Hierarchy and supremacy of standards EU Standard (CEN/CENELEC or ETSI) ISO Standard Harmonised EU Standard ISO Standard French Standard French Standard French Standard Harmonised EU Standard

10 Creating technical regulations or standards EU Commission (power to block) Consultation other countries World/WTO WTO (via TBT agreement) Technical Regulation or National Standard

11 Technical regulations EU standards supersede national standards: But what of the regulations based on these standards? Technical regulations can be considered as a TBT if the specifications they define differ from those of a recognised and widely used standard. National regulations cannot contradict a new-approach directive. Within the context of the new approach: Standards are defined by the stakeholders and not national governments. The arrival of the services sector in WTO and EU agreements will add to the complexity of this standardization-regulations regulations issue.

12 Standards and regulations Standards now concern services and organisational structures. They address regulatory fields (security,, HST, HSE). Control of standardization and standards structures is crucial. China's massive investment in many IEC/CEI working groups is not innocent - nor is its standardization strategy.

13 From legal status to standards Conditions under which a standard can be required: Required by law Contractual Contractual following an undertaking Correct professional practice. Problem of boundary between Standards and Regulations: Varies from one country to another Allow for the adopted and excluded baseline Standards play an increasing role in compliance demonstration. For example: : the French insurance code: Article "the insured shall lose all entitlement to his/her guarantee in the event of an inexcusable failure to observe correct professional practice as defined in current regulations, codes of practice and standards..." See other laws... and international agreements.

14 Compliance inspection Inspection is sensitive Confidential data Access to technology Inspection bodies Mutual recognition in the EU Promoting trade Making new inroads Case of the CMMi/DOD baseline Problem of baseline qualification

15 Application to Business Intelligence Standards developed by consortia have led to the use of patented techniques or processes that are either proprietary or mastered only by a few suppliers. WTO + EU make sure that standards do not lead to technical barriers to trade. Powerful standards organisations are required for this purpose; ; the problem is how are they to be funded? Another point to be borne in mind is that relations between these organisations are not always transparent. Some lobbies may be tempted to develop their own standards themselves or seek the same result via private consortia. Controlling the politics at play between independent and official organisations is vital but costly. Standards serve to consolidate and protect a market.

16 D2MAC: the battle for standards control 15 May 1986: the CCIR (ITU) assembly gathered in Dubrovnik: The Europeans proposed their DMac CCIR standards, then the HD Mac standards, compatible with the existing Pal and Secam systems. D2MAC development was in full swing in the nineties: Industry presented specific hardware: TDF1, TDF2 and TVSAT2 satellites. OLYMPUS. TDF1 and TDF2 were not launched until 1988 and 1990: They faced stiff competition from private telecom satellites from the Astra family (16 channels instead of four). High-power satellites still using D2MAC were to be phased out. DMAC disappeared. HDMAC, the European version of HD TV, was never to get off the ground. In 1992, the "Cour des Comptes" - the French revenue court - described the project as "a costly failure".

17 A game of Monopoly for a new breed of lobbyist Use standards to counter regulations or influence them: Profitable and inexpensive. Make sure that the standard cannot be bypassed by regulations. Set up a standardization programme to counter another one through various agreements: Relatively feasible with a good team and good knowledge of the mechanisms involved Obtain a patent to prevent the creation of a standard: Many conditions to be met Create a new standard to counter a competitor's technical progress and force him into the open: Very effective but no time must be wasted Launch standardization work to counter a patent: Effective provided it is done quickly Invest in standardization programmes: Effective but costly: demands genuine strategic project management Carry out useless activity as a decoy to trick the market: Not so simple and could lead to fiascos in countries with strict inspection procedures.

18 A game of Monopoly for a new breed of lobbyist Identify the key interests of competitors in their standardization strategy: Basics... Assess and count the opponent's resources: Easier said than done Group activities together by community of interest: create these communities and forge alliances: Teamwork - everyone's dream! It's almost like playing in the World Cup. Define a policy and fix a budget: It's the same in quality assurance - this can never be said enough Become involved in compliance inspection bodies: Invaluable but costly Launch a standard that can be certified in levels: Conventional: ISO/IEC on systems security in 7 levels, American TRLs: doing your friends a favour...or making some people waste their time and money Define your own compliance inspection system: CMM type: the best! The Chinese have caught on, too Train auditors and carry out auditing activities: Another basic fact: better than benchmarking. The Amercians have understood.

19 Aspects of standardization issues standardization is not restricted to space activities. If they hope to control the value chain,, people in industry need to control standardization beyond their core activities and become involved in more remote technologies: Controlling the new machine directive and the related standards is as much a matter of distant "inputs" as "outputs". Controlling the revision of ISO 9001 on the notion of corrective action and making it consistent with dependability can be just as important in terms of repercussions. Controlling standardization means controlling your protection: (examples are the future electronics specs/standards: all the more important for Contracting Authorities which have no control over manufacturing. Join JTC1/ISO or standardise data exchange formats in the space sector, which more or less means patenting your system or imposing your working methods, thereby forcing the competition to adapt. Lastly, ECSS in or outside CEN/ISO) Attitudes to standardization stem more from ignorance than opposition. standardization opens up new lobbying prospects that require a framework.

20 Aspects of standardization issues Public authorities and businesses must make more of a collective effort. (see( the Carayon report). There can be no standardization without political regulation. Whatever's good for the government should be good for business and whatever's good for business should be good for the government: that's what Business Intelligence is about. But this cannot always be achieved. So we must be able to weigh up the real sacrifices and benefits - that is the aim of Business Intelligence.

21 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION