vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide

Transcription

1 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide vcloud Air This document supports the version of each product listed and supports all subsequent versions until the document is replaced by a new edition. To check for more recent editions of this document, see EN----00

2 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware Web site at: The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates. If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to: Copyright 2015 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright and trademark information. VMware, Inc Hillview Ave. Palo Alto, CA VMware, Inc.

3 Contents Preface 5 1 Introducing Advanced Networking Services for vcloud Air 7 Upgrade an Edge Gateway to Advanced Networking Services 7 Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services 9 Statistics and Logs for Advanced Networking Services 11 2 Advanced Routing for vcloud Air 15 Specify Global Configuration 15 Add a Static Route 16 Configure BGP 17 Configure OSPF 18 Configure Route Redistribution 20 3 Certificate and Security Group Management 23 Certificate Management in vcloud Air 23 Generate a Certificate Signing Request 23 Configure a CA Signed Certificate 24 Configure a Self-Signed Certificate 25 Add a Certificate 25 Add a Certificate Revocation List 26 Security Objects in vcloud Air 26 Create an IP Address Group 26 Create a Service 27 Create a Service Group 27 4 Network Security and Isolation 29 Types of Firewalls in vcloud Air 29 Edge Gateway Firewall 29 Firewall for Trust Groups 30 Manage Edge Gateway Firewall Rules 30 Add an Edge Gateway Firewall Rule 31 Edit an Edge Gateway Firewall Rule 33 Change the Order of a Gateway Firewall Rule 34 Manage Trust Groups Firewall Rules 35 Add a Trust Groups Firewall Rule 35 Edit a Trust Groups Firewall Rule 38 5 Load Balancing 39 Set Up Load Balancing 39 Configure the Load Balancer Service 40 VMware, Inc. 3

4 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide Create an Application Profile 40 Create a Service Monitor 43 Add a Server Pool 45 Add a Virtual Server 46 Add an Application Rule 47 6 Secure Access Using Virtual Private Networks 49 SSL VPN-Plus Overview 49 About Configuring SSL VPN-Plus 50 Configure Server Settings 51 Add an IP Pool 52 Add a Private Network 53 Add an Authentication Server 54 Add an Installation Package 56 Add an SSL VPN-Plus User 57 Add a Web Resource for SSL VPN-Plus Access 58 Edit Client Configuration 59 Add a Script 60 Edit the Default SSL VPN-Plus Settings 60 Customize the Portal Design 61 IPsec VPN Overview 61 About Setting up an IPsec VPN Connection 62 Specify Global IPsec VPN Configuration 62 Set up an IPsec VPN Connection to a Remote Site 63 7 IP Service Management: NAT and DHCP 67 Network Address Translation (NAT) 67 Add an SNAT or DNAT Rule 68 DHCP Service 69 Index 73 Add a DHCP IP Pool 70 Add a DHCP Static Binding 70 4 VMware, Inc.

5 Preface The vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide provides information about configuring networking for VMware vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services, including how to configure dynamic routing, firewall rules, load balancing, and VPN access. Intended Audience This guide is intended for network administrators and virtual administrators who will be configuring networking in vcloud Air. The information is written for experienced administrators who are familiar with virtual machine technology and networking concepts. Related Documentation Configuring networking for vcloud Air includes configuring basic and advanced networking features. See the vcloud Air Networking Guide for a description of the default network setup, how to add networks to vcloud Air, how to add gateways to your Dedicated Cloud subscription service, and how to add virtual machines to networks. See also the vcloud Air User's Guide for information about the features available for your vcloud Air Dedicated Cloud subscription service and Virtual Private Cloud subscription service. VMware Technical Publications Glossary VMware Technical Publications provides a glossary of terms that might be unfamiliar to you. For definitions of terms as they are used in VMware technical documentation, go to VMware, Inc. 5

6 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide 6 VMware, Inc.

7 Introducing Advanced Networking Services for vcloud Air 1 VMware vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services, powered by the VMware NSX network virtualization platform, offer enhanced security controls and routing, and network scaling capabilities in the cloud. vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services allow customers to achieve unprecedented security and isolation in a public cloud. Advanced Networking Services deliver the following benefits: Dynamic Routing: Support routing protocols such as Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) to simplify network integration between on-premises and cloud-based environment, allowing for redundancy and continuity in cloud-hosted application deployment. Fine-grained network security and isolation: Support the use of object-based rule definitions to provide stateful network traffic isolation without requiring multiple virtual networks. Unique in the public cloud market, this "zero trust" security model prevents intruders from gaining full network access if an application or virtual machine is compromised. Advanced Networking Services dramatically simplify network configuration by leveraging the same network security policies to protect applications onpremises and in the cloud and extend your zero trust security model for portable security no matter where an application is deployed. Additional Advanced Networking Services: Enhanced VPN support for point-to-site (IPsec VPN) and user (SSL VPN) connectivity, enhanced load balancing for HTTPS, and expanded network scalability. This chapter includes the following topics: Upgrade an Edge Gateway to Advanced Networking Services, on page 7 Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 Statistics and Logs for Advanced Networking Services, on page 11 Upgrade an Edge Gateway to Advanced Networking Services Upgrade an edge gateway in your vcloud Air deployment to leverage the new Advanced Networking Services features and functionality. You upgrade to Advanced Networking Services on a gateway-by-gateway basis. Meaning, you select which edge gateways to upgrade and during the upgrade process, you can continue to operate edge gateways leveraging the existing VMware network technology. See the vcloud Air Networking Guide for information. VMware, Inc. 7

8 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide When you upgrade an edge gateway to Advanced Networking Services, the edge gateway configuration is maintained through the upgrade; for example, if you configured firewall rules or load balancing, the edge gateway will maintain the firewall settings and be configured for load balancing after the upgrade. NOTE After upgrading an edge gateway, you cannot revert the edge gateway to its previous state. Additionally, if you are an API user, the APIs change post-upgrade to enable the new features and functionality. Prerequisites To upgrade an edge gateway to Advanced Networking Services, you must meet these prerequisites: You have a license for Advanced Networking Services. Contact your VMware Customer Success Team representative for information. If you have not obtained a license, upgrading an edge gateway will not succeed. You have subscribed to a vcloud Air Virtual Private Cloud or Dedicated Cloud subscription service and have configured networking using the basic networking features. 1 Go to and log in to vcloud Air using your user name and password. The VMware vcloud Air services page appears. 2 Click the My Subscriptions tile. The VMware vcloud Air Dashboard appears. 3 Click the Gateways tab and click the tile for the gateway you want to upgrade. 4 Click Manage in vcloud Director. vcloud Director opens in a new browser tab and the Org VDC Networks tab is displayed. 5 Click the Edge Gateways tab. The gateways located in the virtual data center appear. 6 Click the gateway that you want to upgrade, right click and select Convert to Advanced Networking. The Convert to advanced networking dialog box appears. The dialog box provides information about upgrading to the new APIs for Advanced Networking Services. NOTE If the option Convert to Advanced Networking is unavailable, this means that the edge gateway has already been upgraded or you do not have a license for this operation. 7 Click Yes to proceed with the upgrade. The upgrade can take a few minutes to complete in vcloud Director. Before you upgrade an edge gateway, the vcloud Air Web UI has the following functionality available for you to configure these basic networking functions: 8 VMware, Inc.

9 Chapter 1 Introducing Advanced Networking Services for vcloud Air Figure 1 1. vcloud Air Air Gateway Before Upgrade After you upgrade an edge gateway, the networking functionality available in the vcloud Air Web UI changes. Figure 1 2. vcloud Air Gateway After Upgrade After an upgrade, the tabs for configuring NAT and firewall rules are moved to thevcloud Director Web UI to match the NSX user experience. Click Manage in vcloud Director to navigate to the Advanced Networking Services UI where you configure those functions (and others) for your vcloud Air environment. vcloud Air maintains your existing, pre-upgrade network configuration after the upgrade. Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services You access the Advanced Networking Services Web UI on a per edge gateway basis. After you upgrade an edge gateway to Advanced Networking Services, have access to all the advanced networking features for that edge gateway. You can still use the VMware vcloud Air Web UI to configure basic networking features for your VMware vcloud Air environment, such as creating networks, assigning virtual machines to networks, and allocating IP addresses to your edge gateways. See the vcloud Air Networking Guide for information about using the basic network features. Prerequisites To access Advanced Networking Services for an edge gateway, you must meet these prerequisites: Sign into your vcloud Air subscription service by using a supported browser. See Supported Browsers for vcloud Air in the vcloud Air User's Guide for information. Have upgraded the edge gateway that you want to access to Advanced Networking Services. See Upgrade an Edge Gateway to Advanced Networking Services, on page 7 for information. VMware, Inc. 9

10 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide 1 Go to and log in to vcloud Air using your user name and password. If you are logging in to vcloud Air for the first time, see Sign In to vcloud Air in the vcloud Air User's Guide for information. The VMware vcloud Air services page appears. 2 Click the My Subscriptions tile. The VMware vcloud Air Dashboard appears. 3 Click the Gateways tab and click the tile for the gateway you want to mange. 4 Click Manage in vcloud Director. vcloud Director opens in a new browser tab and the Org VDC Networks tab is displayed. 5 Click the Edge Gateways tab. The gateways located in the virtual data center appear. 6 Select the gateway, right click and select Edge Gateway Services. VMware vcloud Edge Gateway Services appears in a new browser tab. By default, the Dashboard tab is selected. NOTE If the edge gateway has not been upgraded, selecting Edge Gateway Services displays the vcloud Director edge gateway UI. Additionally, when you right click and display the edge gateway menu, you see that the option Convert to Advanced Networking is available, indicating that the edge gateway has not been upgraded to Advanced Networking Services. 7 Select a tab to configure that advanced networking feature. NOTE To access the Trust Group feature, navigate to the virtual data center and manage the firewall settings. See Add a Trust Groups Firewall Rule, on page 35 for information. 10 VMware, Inc.

11 Chapter 1 Introducing Advanced Networking Services for vcloud Air Statistics and Logs for Advanced Networking Services You can view statistics and access logs for the edge gateways deployed for Advanced Networking Services. Statistics Navigate to an edge gateway in vcloud Director, right click and select Edge Gateway Services. VMware vcloud Edge Gateway Services appears in a new browser tab. By default the Dashboard tab is selected. Statistics and status information are accessible from the following areas of Advanced Networking Services: Dashboard SSL VPN-Plus IPsec VPN Firewall Rules Edge Gateway and Trust Groups Dashboard The Dashboard provides operational visibility for Advanced Networking Services. The Dashboard displays graphs for the traffic flowing through the interfaces of the selected edge gateway and connection statistics for the firewall and load balancer services. NOTE For additional statistics and historical data, you can configure vrealize Operations to query more advanced data and historical metrics. Select the period for which you want to view the statistics. SSL VPN-Plus Dashboard The dashboard displays the status of the service, number of active SSL VPN sessions, and session statistics and data flow details. Click Details next to Number of Active Sessions to view information about the concurrent connections to private networks behind the edge gateway. VMware, Inc. 11

12 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide Figure 1 3. Statistics on the SSL VPN-Plus Dashboard IPsec VPN Click the IPSEC VPN tab > Show IPsec Statistics to display the status of the tunnel. Firewall Rules You can view statistics for edge gateway firewall rules and Trust Group firewall rules in the following ways: 1 Navigate to a Firewall tab: For an edge gateway firewall rule, see Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9. For a Trust Group firewall rule, see Add a Trust Groups Firewall Rule, on page VMware, Inc.

13 Chapter 1 Introducing Advanced Networking Services for vcloud Air 2 On the Firewall tab, click (column display icon) and select the Stats check box. The page refreshes and the Stats column appears in the table. 3 Click (the stats icon) for a rule. Figure 1 4. Statistics for an Edge Gateway Firewall Rule You can view the traffic related to the rule traffic packets and size. Figure 1 5. Statistics for a Trust Group firewall rule Logs You can enable logging an edge gateway for all the major features in Advanced Networking Services: Table 1 1. How To Enable Logging Per Feature Navigation for Feature Firewall tab > Action cell of a rule and click option ] > Log Logs all sessions matching this rule. DHCP > DHCP Service Status > Enable logging check box NAT > Add ( ) icon > Add DNAT Rule or Add SNAT Rule > Enable logging check box Logs the address translation. Routing tab > Global Configuration > Dynamic Routing Configuration > Edit > Enable Logging check box Load Balancer tab > Global Configuration > Edit > Logging check box IPSEC VPN tab > Logging Policy section > Enable logging check box Logs the traffic flow between the local subnet and peer subnet. SSL VPN-Plus tab > Server Settings > Logging Policy > Change > Enable logging check box SSL VPN-Plus tab > General Settings > Change > Enable logging check box Maintains a log of the traffic passing through the SSL VPN gateway. Collecting log data is a multi-step process: 1 Enable logging for the features for which you need log data as described in the table above. VMware, Inc. 13

14 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide 2 Configure a syslog server to receive the log data. See Capturing vcloud Air Edge Gateway Data with Syslog in the VMware vcloud Blog. The logged data is accessible via your configured syslog server. 14 VMware, Inc.

15 Advanced Routing for vcloud Air 2 You can specify static and dynamic routing for each edge gateway in vcloud Air. To enable dynamic routing, you can configure an edge gateway using the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) or the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol. This chapter includes the following topics: Specify Global Configuration, on page 15 Add a Static Route, on page 16 Configure BGP, on page 17 Configure OSPF, on page 18 Configure Route Redistribution, on page 20 Specify Global Configuration You can configure the default edge gateway for static routes and specify dynamic routing details for an edge gateway. 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. 2 Click the Routing tab and Global Configuration. 3 To enable Equal-cost multi-path routing (ECMP), click Enable next to ECMP. ECMP is a routing strategy that allows next-hop packet forwarding to a single destination can occur over multiple best paths. These best paths can be added statically or as a result of metric calculations by dynamic routing protocols like OSPF or BGP. Multiple paths for static routes can be added by providing multiple next hops separated by commas in the Static Routes dialog box. See Add a Static Route, on page 16 for information. The edge gateway utilizes Linux network stack implementation, a roundrobin algorithm with a randomness component. After a next hop is selected for a particular source and destination IP address pair, the route cache stores the selected next hop. All packets for that flow go to the selected next hop. The default IPv4 route cache timeout is 300 seconds (gc_timeout). When an entry is inactive for this time, it is eligible to be removed from the route cache. The actual removal happens when the garbage collection timer activates (gc_interval = 60 seconds). VMware, Inc. 15

16 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide 4 To specify the default gateway, click Edit next to Default Gateway. a b c d Select an interface from which the next hop towards the destination network can be reached. Type the gateway IP address if required. Edit the MTU if required and type a description. Click Save. 5 To configure dynamic routing, click Edit next to Dynamic Routing Configuration. NOTE If you have IPsec VPN configured in your environment, you should not use dynamic routing. a Select the router ID. The Router ID list displays the first uplink IP address of the edge gateway that pushes routes to the kernel for dynamic routing. b c Select Enable Logging to save logging information and select the log level. Click OK. 6 Click Publish Changes. What to do next To delete routing configuration, click Reset. This deletes all routing configurations (default, static, OSPF, and BGP configurations, as well as route redistribution). Configure route redistribution. See Configure Route Redistribution, on page 20. Configure dynamic routing. See the following topics: Configure BGP, on page 17 Configure OSPF, on page 18 Add a Static Route You can add a static route for a destination subnet or host. 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. 2 Click the Routing tab and Static Routes. 3 Click the Add ( ) icon. The Add Static Route dialog box appears. 4 Configure the following options for the static route: Network Next Hop Interface Type the Network in CIDR notation. Type the IP address of the Next Hop. The router must be able to directly reach the next hop. When ECMP is enabled, you can type multiple next hops. See Specify Global Configuration, on page 15 for information. Select the interface on which you want to add a static route. 16 VMware, Inc.

17 Chapter 2 Advanced Routing for vcloud Air MTU Edit the maximum transmission value for the data packets if required. The MTU value cannot be higher than the MTU value set on the edge gateway interface. See Specify Global Configuration, on page 15 for information about he MTU set for the default edge gateway. (al) Type a description for the static route. 5 Click OK. What to do next Configure a NAT rule for the static route. See Add an SNAT or DNAT Rule, on page 68. Add a firewall rule to allow traffic to traverse the static route. See the following topics: Add an Edge Gateway Firewall Rule, on page 31 Add a Trust Groups Firewall Rule, on page 35 Configure BGP You can configure Border Gateway Protocol for vcloud Air to exchange routes between your on-premises border devices and vcloud Air. BGP makes core routing decisions by using a table of IP networks or prefixes, which designate network reachability among multiple autonomous systems. The BGP border devices established a connection before any routing information is exchanged. After establishing the connection, the border devices exchange routes and synchronize their tables. Each border device sends keepalive messages to keep this relationship alive. 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. 2 Click the Routing tab and BGP. 3 In BGP Configuration, complete the BGP options: a b c d e Click Edit next to BGP Configuration. Click Enable BGP. For packet forwarding to be uninterrupted during restart of BGP services, select Enable Graceful Restart. To allow the edge gateway to advertise itself as a default gateway to its peers, select Enable Default Originate. Type a value (a globally unique number between ) for the Local AS. vcloud Air assigns the local autonomous system (AS) number to the edge gateway you are configuring and advertises the local AS when the edge gateway peers with routers in other autonomous systems. The path of ASs that a route traverses is used as one metric when selecting the best path to a destination. f Click OK. 4 In Neighbors, configure the routing neighbors: a Click the Add ( ) icon. b Type the IP address of your on-premises border device that vcloud Air connect to. VMware, Inc. 17

18 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide c Type a value (a globally unique number between ) for the Remote AS. vcloud Air assigns the remote AS number to the border device you are creating the connection for. d e f If necessary, edit the default weight for the neighbor connection. If necessary, edit the default interval for the Keep Alive Time. If necessary, edit the default interval for the Hold Down Time. The edge gateway uses the standard, default values for the keep alive timer (60 seconds) and the hold down timer. The default value for the hold down timer is 3xkeepalive or 180 seconds. Once peering between two neighbors is achieved, the edge gateway starts a hold down timer. Every keep alive message it receives from the neighbor resets the hold down timer to 0. If the edge gateway fails to receive three consecutive keep alive messages, so that the hold down timer reaches 180 seconds, the edge gateway considers the neighbor down and deletes the routes from this neighbor. g In Password, type the authentication password. Each segment sent on the connection between the neighbors is verified. MD5 authentication must be configured with the same password on both BGP neighbors, otherwise, the connection between them will not be made. 5 To specify route filtering from a neighbor using an prefix list, click the Add ( area and configure the following options: CAUTION A "block all" rule is enforced at the end of the filters. ) icon in the BGP Filters a b c d Select the direction to indicate whether you are filtering traffic to or from the neighbor. Select the action to indicate whether you are allowing or denying traffic. Type the network in CIDR format that you want to filter to or from the neighbor. Type the IP prefixes that are to be filtered and click OK. 6 Click Publish Changes. What to do next Add a firewall rule that allows traffic to and from the remote border device in your on-premises data center. See Add an Edge Gateway Firewall Rule, on page 31 for information. Configure BGP in your on-premises data center for the remote border device that vcloud Air is connecting to using the AS values and password you set in vcloud Air. These values must match on both sides of the connection. Configure OSPF The edge gateway supports OSPF, an interior gateway protocol that routes IP packets only within a single routing domain. Configure OSPF in vcloud Air to exchange routing information between edge gateways in vcloud Air. Use OSPF to gather link state information from available routers and construct a topology map of the network. The topology determines the routing table presented to the Internet layer, which makes routing decisions based on the destination IP address found in IP packets. OSPF routing policies provide a dynamic process of traffic load balancing between routes of equal cost. An OSPF network is divided into routing areas to optimize traffic flow and limit the size of routing tables. An area is a logical collection of OSPF networks, routers, and links that have the same area identification. Areas are identified by an Area ID. 18 VMware, Inc.

19 Chapter 2 Advanced Routing for vcloud Air Prerequisites A Router ID must have been selected. Specify Global Configuration, on page 15 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. 2 Click the Routing tab and OSPF. 3 In OSPF Configuration, complete the OSPF options: a b c d e Click Edit next to OSPF Configuration. Select Enable OSPF. For packet forwarding to be uninterrupted during restart of OSPF services, select Enable Graceful Restart. To allow the edge gateway to advertise itself as a default gateway to its peers, select Enable Default Originate. Click OK. 4 In Area Definitions, configure the OSPF areas: a Delete the not-so-stubby area (NSSA) 51 that is configured by default. b c Click the Add ( Type an area ID. ) icon. The edge gateway supports an area ID in the form of an IP address or decimal number. d In Type, select Normal or NSSA. NSSAs prevent the flooding of AS-external link-state advertisements (LSAs) into NSSAs. They rely on default routing to external destinations. Hence, NSSAs must be placed at the edge of an OSPF routing domain. NSSA can import external routes into the OSPF routing domain, thereby providing transit service to small routing domains that are not part of the OSPF routing domain. e In Authentication, select Password or MD5 and type the password or MD5 key, respectively, for the value. Password: In this method of authentication, a password is included in the transmitted packet. MD5: This authentication method uses MD5 (Message Digest type 5 ) encryption. An MD5 checksum is included in the transmitted packet. 5 In Area to Interface Mapping, map interfaces to areas by completing the following steps: a In Area Definitions, click the Add ( ) icon. b c From the vnic drop-down list, select the interface that you want to map to the OSPF area. The interface specifies the external network that both edge gateways are connected to. Type an Area ID. The edge gateway supports an area ID in the form of an IP address or decimal number. VMware, Inc. 19

20 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide d (al) Select Ignore Interface MTU Settings to disable MTU mismatch detection on received Database Descriptor (DBD) packets. When configuring OSPF, routers connected to the same shared subnet should have the same MTU setting. However, you can force OSPF neighbors to establish a session even when their interface MTU settings do not match. Use caution when selecting this setting because it can lead to packet drops and cause the adjacency to reset repeatedly. e (al) Expand the Advanced section and complete the following options. NOTE vcloud Air provides a default value for each option. You can accept these default values or edit them for your environment. Hello Interval Dead Interval Priority Cost Specifies the default interval between hello packets that are sent on the interface. Specifies the default interval during which at least one hello packet must be received from a neighbor before the router declares that neighbor down. Specifies the default priority of the interface. The interface with the highest priority is the designated router. Specifies the default overhead required to send packets across that interface. The cost of an interface is inversely proportional to the bandwidth of that interface. The larger the bandwidth, the smaller the cost. 6 Click Publish Changes. What to do next Add a firewall rule that allows traffic between the edge gateways in vcloud Air that you are configuring OSPF routing for. See Add an Edge Gateway Firewall Rule, on page 31 for information. Configure OSPF on the other edge gateways in vcloud Air that you want to exchange routing information with. Configure Route Redistribution By default, routers share routes with other routers running the same protocol. In a multi-protocol environment, you must configure route redistribution for cross-protocol route sharing. 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. 2 Click the Routing tab and Route Redistribution. 3 Click Edit next to Route Redistribution Status. 4 Select the protocols for which you want to enable route redistribution and click OK. 5 To add an IP prefix, perform the following steps: a Click the Add ( ) icon in IP Prefixes. b c Type a name and the IP address of the network. Click OK. 20 VMware, Inc.

21 Chapter 2 Advanced Routing for vcloud Air 6 To specify redistribution criteria for the IP prefix, complete the following steps: a Click the Add ( ) icon in Route Redistribution table. b c d e In Learner Protocol, select the protocol that learns routes from other protocols. In Allow Learning from, select the types of networks from which routes can be learned. In Action, select whether to permit or deny redistribution from the selected types of networks. Click OK. 7 Click Publish Changes. VMware, Inc. 21

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23 Certificate and Security Group 3 Management Advanced Networking Services provides functionality to manage certificates for use with SSL VPN-Plus and IPsec VPN tunnels. Additionally, Advanced Networking Services enables use of grouping objects for use in creating firewall rules and load balancer server pools. This chapter includes the following topics: Certificate Management in vcloud Air, on page 23 Security Objects in vcloud Air, on page 26 Certificate Management in vcloud Air The edge gateway in vcloud Air supports self-signed certificates, certificates signed by a Certification Authority (CA), and certificates generated and signed by a CA. About Using Certificates with vcloud Air In Advanced Networking Services, you can manage certificates for the following vcloud Air features: IPsec VPN tunnels from your on-premises data center to vcloud Air SSL VPN-Plus connections to private networks and web resources deployed in vcloud Air The virtual servers and pools servers configured for load balancing in vcloud Air How to Use Client Certificates You can create a client certificate through a CAI command or REST call. You can then distribute this certificate to your remote users, who can install the certificate on their web browser. The main benefit of implementing client certificates is that a reference client certificate for each remote user can be stored and checked against the client certificate presented by the remote user. To prevent future connections from a certain user, you can delete the reference certificate from the security server's list of client certificates. Deleting the certificate denies connections from that user. Generate a Certificate Signing Request Before you can order a signed certificate from a CA or create a self-signed certificate, you must generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) for your edge gateway. A CSR is an encoded file that you need to generate on an edge gateway that needs an SSL certificate. Using a CSR standardizes the way that companies send their public keys along with information that identifies their company names and domain names. VMware, Inc. 23

24 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide You generate a CSR with a matching private-key file that must remain on the edge gateway. The CSR contains the matching public key and other information such as your organization's name, location, and domain name. 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. 2 Click the Certificates tab and Actions > Generate CSR. The Generate CSR dialog box appears. 3 Configure the following options for the CSR: Common Name Organization Name Organization Unit Locality State Country Message Algorithm Key Size Type the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) for the organization that you will be using the certificate for (for example, Do not include the or prefixes in your common name. Type name under which your company is legally registered. The listed organization must be the legal registrant of the domain name in the certificate request. Use this field to differentiate between divisions within a company; for example, AMEA or East Coast Operations. If applicable, you can enter the DBA (doing business as) name in this field. Type the city or locality where your company is legally registered. Type the full name (do not abbreviate) of the state, province, region, or territory where your company is legally registered. Select the country where your company is legally registered. The drop-down menu displays country names along with their two-letter International Organization for Standardization (ISO-) format country codes. (al) Select the key type (typically RSA) for the certificate. The key type defines the encryption algorithm for communication between the hosts. NOTE SSL VPN-Plus supports RSA certificates only. (al) Type the key size (2048 bit minimum). (al) Enter a description for the certificate. 4 Click OK. The CSR is generated and displayed in the certificates list. What to do next Transmit the CSR to a certificate authority to obtain your signed certificate. Import the signed certificate into Advanced Networking Services. See Add a Certificate, on page 25 for information. Configure a CA Signed Certificate Before you can order an SSL certificate from a CA, you must generate a CSR for your edge gateway. 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. 24 VMware, Inc.

25 Chapter 3 Certificate and Security Group Management 2 Generate a CSR. See Generate a Certificate Signing Request, on page 23 for information. The CSR is generated and displayed in the certificates list. 3 Have an online CA sign this CSR. 4 Import the signed certificate by performing the following steps: a b c From the Certificates tab, select Actions > Import Certificate. In the Import Certificate dialog box, paste the contents of the signed certificate. Click OK. The CA signed certificate appears in the certificates list. What to do next Attach the CA signed certificate to the SSL VPN-Plus or IPsec VPN tunnels as required. See Configure Server Settings, on page 51 and Specify Global IPsec VPN Configuration, on page 62 for information. Configure a Self-Signed Certificate You can create, install, and manage self-signed server certificates. Prerequisites Verify that you have a CA certificate so that you can sign your own certificates. 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. 2 Generate a CSR. See Generate a Certificate Signing Request, on page 23 for information. The CSR is generated and displayed in the certificates list. 3 Select the CSR in the list and select Actions > Self Sign Certificate. 4 Type the number of days that the self-signed certificate is valid for. 5 Click OK. Add a Certificate By adding a CA certificate, you can become an interim CA for your company. You then have the authority for signing your own certificates. 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. 2 Click the Certificates tab. 3 Click the Add ( Certificate ) icon and select one of the following options: CA Certificate 4 Paste the certificate contents in the Certificate contents text box. 5 (al) Type a description for the certificate. VMware, Inc. 25

26 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide 6 If you are adding a Certificate, configure the following options: Private Key required for enabling public key/private key encryption Password Retype Password 7 Click OK. You can now sign your own certificates. Add a Certificate Revocation List A Certificate Revocation List (CRL) is a list of subscribers and their status, which is provided and signed by Microsoft. The list contains the following items: The revoked certificates and the reasons for revocation The dates that the certificates are issued The entities that issued the certificates A proposed date for the next release When a potential user attempts to access a server, the server allows or denies access based on the CRL entry for that particular user. 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. 2 Click the Certificates tab. 3 Click the Add ( ) icon and then CLR. The Add CRL dialog box appears. 4 In Certificate contents, paste the list. 5 (al) Type a description. 6 Click OK. Security Objects in vcloud Air This section describes custom network and security containers. Advanced Networking Services includes functionality to create grouping objects for use when configuring the edge gateway firewall and the firewall for Trust Groups. Additionally, you can use grouping objects when configuring the server pool for the load balancer. Create an IP Address Group You can create an IP address group and then add this group as the source or destination in a firewall rule. Such a rule can help protect physical machines from virtual machines or vice versa. 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. 26 VMware, Inc.

27 Chapter 3 Certificate and Security Group Management 2 Click the Grouping Objects tab and IP Sets. 3 Click the Add ( ) icon. The Add IP Addresses dialog box appears. 4 Type a name for the group. 5 (al) Type a description for the group. 6 Type the IP addresses to be included in the group. 7 Click OK. Create a Service You can create a service and then define rules for that service. 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. 2 Click the Grouping Objects tab and Service. 3 Click the Add ( ) icon. 4 Type a name for the service. 5 (al) Type a description for the service. 6 Select a protocol for which you want to add a non-standard port. Create a Service Group You can create a service group and then define rules for that service group. 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. 2 Click the Grouping Objects tab and Service Group. 3 Click the Add ( ) icon. The Add service group dialog box appears. 4 Type a name for the group. 5 (al) Type a description for the group. 6 In Members, select the services or service groups that you want to add to the group. 7 Click OK. VMware, Inc. 27

28 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide 28 VMware, Inc.

29 Network Security and Isolation 4 Advanced Networking Services provides functionality to create robust firewalls to protect your virtual machines deployed in vcloud Air from outside network traffic as well as to create internal firewalls to isolate virtual machines from each other. This chapter includes the following topics: Types of Firewalls in vcloud Air, on page 29 Manage Edge Gateway Firewall Rules, on page 30 Manage Trust Groups Firewall Rules, on page 35 Types of Firewalls in vcloud Air You can create firewall rules to establish Trust Groups and firewall rules to apply to an edge gateway to protect your virtual machines from outside network traffic. Rules defined on the centralized level are referred to as pre rules. Tenants can then add rules at an individual edge gateway level, which are referred to as local rules. Each traffic session is checked against the top rule in the Firewall table before moving down the subsequent rules in the table. The first rule in the table that matches the traffic parameters is enforced. Rules are displayed in the following order: 1 User-defined pre rules have the highest priority, and are enforced in top-to-bottom ordering with a pervirtual NIC level precedence. 2 Auto-plumbed rules (rules that enable control traffic to flow for edge gateway services). 3 Local rules defined at an edge gateway level. 4 Default Trust Group firewall rule Edge Gateway Firewall The firewall for the edge gateway helps you meet key perimeter security requirements, such as building DMZs based on IP/VLAN constructs, tenant-to-tenant isolation in multi-tenant virtual data centers, Network Address Translation (NAT), partner (extranet) VPNs, and user-based SSL VPNs. The Edge Gateway Firewall monitors North-South traffic to provide perimeter security functionality including firewall, Network Address Translation (NAT) as well as site-to-site IPSec and SSL VPN functionality. This solution is available in the virtual machine form factor and can be deployed in a High Availability mode. VMware, Inc. 29

30 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide Firewall for Trust Groups The Trust Group firewall allows you to segment virtual data center entities like virtual machines based on virtual machine names and attributes. The Trust Groups firewall is a hyper visor kernel-embedded firewall that provides visibility and control for virtualized workloads and networks. You can create access control policies based on objects like data centers and virtual machine names; and network constructs like IP addresses or IP set addresses. Firewall rules are enforced at the vnic level of each virtual machine to provide consistent access control even when the virtual machine gets motioned. The hyper visor-embedded nature of the firewall delivers close to line rate throughput to enable higher workload consolidation on physical servers. The distributed nature of the firewall provides a scale-out architecture that automatically extends firewall capacity when additional hosts are added to a data center. For L2 packets, the Trust Groups firewall creates a cache for performance boost. L3 packets are processed in the following sequence: 1 All packets are checked for an existing state. This is done for SANS too so that bogus or retransmitted SANS for existing sessions can be detected. 2 When a state match is found, the packets are processed. 3 When a state match is not found, the packets are processed through the rules until a match is found. For TCP packets, a state is set only for packets with a SYN flag. However, rules that do not specify a protocol (service ANY), can match TCP packets with any combination of flags. For UDP packets, 5-tuple details are extracted from the packet. When a state does not exist in the state table, a new state is created using the extracted 5-tuple details. Subsequently received packets are matched against the state that was just created. For ICMP packets, ICMP type, code, and packet direction are used to create a state. The Trust Group firewall can help in creating identity-based rules as well. Administrators can enforce access control based on the user's group membership as defined in the enterprise Active Directory. The following scenarios show ways to use identity-based firewall rules: User accessing virtual applications using a laptop or mobile device where AD is used for user authentication User accessing virtual applications using VDI infrastructure where the virtual machines are Microsoft Windows based If you have a third-party vendor firewall solution deployed in your environment, see Redirecting Traffic to a Vendor Solution through Logical Firewall in the NSX Administration Guide. Running open VMware Tools on guest or workload virtual machines has not been validated with the Trust Groups firewall. Manage Edge Gateway Firewall Rules You can navigate to an edge gateway to see the rules that apply to it. Firewall rules applied to an edge gateway router only protect traffic to and from the router. They do not protect traffic traveling between virtual machines within a virtual data center. To protect intra-virtual data center traffic, create Trust Groups firewall rules for East-West protection. Rules created on the firewall user interface applicable to an edge gateway are displayed in a read-only mode. Rules are displayed and enforced in the following order: 1 User-defined rules from the Firewall user interface (Read Only). 30 VMware, Inc.

31 Chapter 4 Network Security and Isolation 2 Auto-plumbed rules (rules that enable control traffic to flow for edge gateway services). 3 User-defined rules on Firewall user interface. 4 Default rule. Add an Edge Gateway Firewall Rule The Firewall tab displays rules created on the centralized Firewall tab in a read-only mode. Any rules that you add here are not displayed on the centralized Firewall tab. You can add multiple edge gateway interfaces and IP address groups as the source and destination for firewall rules. When you select vnic Group and vse as an object for a source or destination, the rule applies to traffic generated by the edge gateway. When you select internal or external, the rule applies to traffic coming from any internal or uplink interface of the selected edge gateway instance. NOTE Edge gateway firewall rules on internal interfaces do not work when you configure dynamic routing for the edge gateway. 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. 2 Click the Firewall tab. 3 Perform one of the following actions: To add a rule at a specific place in the firewall table a b Select a rule. In the No. column, click and select Add Above or Add Below. A new any any allow rule is added below the selected rule. When the system defined rule is the only rule in the firewall table, the new rule is added above the default rule. To add a rule by copying a rule a Select a rule. b Click the Copy ( c Select a rule. ) icon. d In the No. column, click and select Paste Above or Paste Below. To add a rule anywhere in the firewall table a Click the Add ( ) icon. A new any any allow rule is added below the selected rule. When the system defined rule is the only rule in the firewall table, the new rule is added above the default rule. 4 The new rule is enabled by default. Point to the Name cell of the new rule and click. Enter a name for the rule. VMware, Inc. 31

32 vcloud Air Advanced Networking Services Guide 5 Point to the Source cell of the new rule. Perform one of the following options: Click Click Type the source IP address. The firewall supports both IPv4 and IPv6 formats. To specify the source as an object other than a specific IP address: a Select one or more objects and click. b c You can create a new IP Set. Once you create the new object, it is added to the source column by default. To exclude a source from the rule, click Advance options. Select Negate Source to exclude this source from the rule. When Negate Source is selected, the rule is applied to traffic coming from all sources except for the source you specified in the previous step. d When Negate Source is not selected, the rule applies to traffic coming from the source you specified in the previous step. Click OK. 6 Point to the Destination cell of the new rule. Perform one of the following options: Click Click Type the destination IP address. The firewall supports both IPv4 and IPv6 formats. To specify the destination as an object other than a specific IP address: a Select one or more objects and click. b c You can create a new IP Set. Once you create the new object, it is added to the Destination column by default. To exclude a destination port, click Advance options. Select Negate Destination to exclude this destination from the rule. When Negate Destination is selected, the rule is applied to traffic going to all destinations except for the destination you specified in the previous step. d When Negate Destination is not selected, the rule applies to traffic going to the destination you specified in the previous step. Click OK. 32 VMware, Inc.

33 Chapter 4 Network Security and Isolation 7 Point to the Service cell of the new rule. Perform one of the following options: Click Click To specify the service as a port protocol combination: a Select the service protocol. NOTE The edge gateway supports ALG for FTP only. b Under Advanced options, type the port number. c Click OK. To select a pre-defined service or service group, or define a new one: a Select one or more objects and click. b You can create a new service or service group. Once you create the new object, it is added to the Selected Objects column by default. Click OK. In order to protect your network from ACK or SYN floods, you can set the service to TCP-all_ports or UDP-all_ports and set the action to Block for the default rule. 8 Point to the Action cell of the new rule and click. Select the required actions and click OK. Action Accept Deny Reject Log Do not log Advanced options > Match on Translated Enable Rule Direction Results in Allows traffic from or to the specified sources, destinations, and services. Blocks traffic from or to the specified sources, destinations, and services. Sends reject message for unaccepted packets. RST packets are sent for TCP connections. ICMP messages with administratively prohibited code are sent for UDP, ICMP, and other IP connections. Logs all sessions matching this rule. Enabling logging can affect performance. Does not log sessions. Applies the rule to the translated IP address and services for a NAT rule Indicates whether the rule is incoming or outgoing. NOTE VMware does not recommend specifying the direction for firewall rules. 9 Click Publish. After a few moments, a message indicating whether the publish operation was successful appears. In case of any failures, the hosts on which the rule was not applied are listed. When you click Publish, the firewall configuration is automatically saved. Edit an Edge Gateway Firewall Rule You can edit and delete only the user-defined firewall rules that were added to an edge gateway. You cannot edit or delete an auto-generated rule or the default rule. 1 Log in to vcloud Air and navigate to the vcloud Edge Gateway Services UI. See Log In and Navigate to Advanced Networking Services, on page 9 for information. VMware, Inc. 33