Ants of Urban Importance and New Invasive Species. Michael K. Rust Department of Entomology
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1 Ants of Urban Importance and New Invasive Species Michael K. Rust Department of Entomology
2 Why is identification and recognition important? Does it affect IPM decisions?
3
4 Thief ant Pharaoh ant
5
6 Carpenter ant Velvety tree ant
7
8 Argentine ant Odorous house ant
9 Urban Pest Species 14,122 described ant species species urban impact % urbanization results in decline of ant diversity Tramp ant species Human activities and disturbance Solenopsis invicta
10 Comstock Publishing Cornell University Press Key to Urban Species IPM strategies Medical importance
11
12 New distribution localities for Argentine ants 177 specimens 17 genera collected in urban settings At least 4 invasive species
13 Impending Issues in Urban Ant Urbanization and Invasive Species Control Pesticide Runoff Urban Waterways Alternative Pest Control Methods Los Angeles
14 South Lake Tahoe Population 21,403 Elevation 1,901 m
15 Sanford, MP, et al Effects of urban development on ant communities: implications for ecosystem services and management. Conservation Biology 23: Service-Providing Unit (SPU) organisms that provide service to humanity in a specific spatiotemporal context Aerator complex tunnels that aerate soil and water infiltration Formica sibylla Decomposers- tunnel in wood debris that facilitate breakdown Camponotus modoc
16 Compiler build thatch mounds increase soil nutrients Formica obscuripes Generalist Tapinoma sessile
17 Ant Survey of Lake Tahoe Area Detected 42 species 3 Dolichoderine 12 Myrmicines 27 Formicines - 19 species were aerators SPU - 7 species were decomposer SPU - 4 species were compiler SPU - 6 ant species were generalist
18 1. Ants and SPU s are vulnerable to degradation in response to urbanization 2. Diversity declines as human uses begin to dominate 3. Shift towards generalists
19 Tramp Ant Species Argentine ant, Linepithema humile Characteristics 1. Human environment 2. Migration human disturbance 3. Unicoloniality lack of aggression between nests 4. Polygyny 5. Mating and Budding Passera Exotic ants
20 Tramp Ant Species Pharaoh ant Monomorium pharaonis Argentine ant Linepithema humile Little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata Big headed ant Pheidole megacephala Crazy ant Paratrechina longicornis Anoplolepis longipes Ghost ant Tapinoma melanocephalum Lasius neglectus Odorous house ant Tapinoma sessile
21 Non-native ants around homes in Orange County CA Linepithema humile (Argentine ant) Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant) Cardiocondyla sp. Pheidole morens Nylanderia vividula Brachymyrmex patagonicus (rover ant)
22 Native ants around homes in Orange County CA Monomorium ergatogyna (little black ant) Solenopsis molesta (thief ant) Dorymyrmex insana and D. bicolor (pyramid ants) Liometopum occidentale (velvety tree ant) Tapinoma sessile (odorous house ant) Solenopsis xyloni (southern fire ant) Harvester ants
23 Brachymyrmex patagonicus Mayr South American origin Invade houses Mating flights year-round in AZ Alates attracted to lights Workers 1-2 mm long
24 er-ants-brachymyrmex-patagonicus-anemerging-pest-species
25 Large eyes Several large hairs on mesoma
26 D. depilis native to CA, Santa Barbara and Sacramento area. Fields and forests, subterranean species feeding on root feeding aphids and mealybugs???
27
28 Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta (Buren) Workers, polymorphic 1.6 to 5.8 mm long
29 Southern fire ant, Solenopsis xyloni McCook 10 segments 2 club Workers polymorphic, 1.6 to 5.8 mm long, Yellow to reddish with darker gaster
30 Red Imported Fire Ant
31 Nesting Habits of S. xyloni and S. invicta S. xyloni 1. Disturbed areas, sparse vegetation 2. Non-irrigated areas 3. Low mounds of loose soil S. invicta 1. Vegetation 2. Heavily irrigated 3. Low mounds of loose soil
32 Summary Identification is important Urban Ant Pests Increasing urbanization invasive species Environmental Issues with Conventional Sprays Alternative control strategies are needed
33 Dr. Les Greenberg Dr. Dong-Hwan Choe Andrew Soeprono Rochelle Hoey-Chamberlain Ryan Neff
34
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