Securing Physical and Virtual IT Assets Without Hardware Firewalls or VLANs

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1 white paper Securing Physical and Virtual IT Assets Without Hardware Firewalls or VLANs A New Approach: An Identity-Aware Network Inside the Perimeter

2 Introduction For security administrators at large corporations, the growing management complexity of internal firewalls and virtual LANs (VLANs) presents significant security challenges. The huge quantity of firewalls dispersed across multiple physical locations makes it very difficult to secure systems and user data communications. For example, it s not uncommon for a newly installed firewall to block employee access to critical resources, creating a fire drill for IT. The complex puzzle of reconfiguring firewall rules is a neverending battle. Add VLANs and the problems are only compounded. The growing reliance on virtual machines (VMs) also introduces significant security vulnerabilities. Communication between VMs is fully undetected by traditional hardware firewalls. In addition, when VMs move, they usually change IP addresses, rendering firewalls useless. How can security administrators reduce the complexities of firewall and VLAN management? Is there a simple way to secure virtual environments? To meet these challenges, businesses are turning to software-based identity-aware networks. Designed to control user or system access to physical or virtual systems without managing firewalls or VLANs, this security solution is helping organizations protect their critical assets. This white paper will examine the challenges of traditional security approaches and reveal the many advantages of an identity-aware network. The Access Management Nightmare Using internal firewalls to create physical security zones within the enterprise creates many limitations. Firewalls were originally created to protect a network perimeter, but many companies use them for internal protection, contrary to their design. Countless internal firewalls are typically deployed across the network. To allow application and employee access, complex and interdependent rules are set in place among multiple firewalls. As any firewall administrator knows, it s all too easy for a rule base to become convoluted over time, containing rules that may be outdated or simply 2

3 incorrect, stated a SearchSecrity.com article. 1 For example, if a port was opened for an application that is no longer used, major security vulnerabilities emerge. Managing rules across multitudes of firewalls is an overwhelming task for large enterprises The chance for errors increase as more firewalls or systems are added. For example, when rules become nested, they can block application functionality or lock employees out of critical applications. The result is reduced employee productivity and added work for IT. Managing access control lists is a very time-consuming and complicated process. Adding a new server to a secure area or granting different groups of individuals firewall access typically involves managing many firewall and VLAN systems. With multiple rules, it is important to ensure new rules do not override existing ones. When problems occur, they are very difficult to troubleshoot. Often network, server and desktop administrators must work together to resolve these challenges. Hardware firewalls need to be in the same physical proximity as the servers they protect, creating a major challenge for businesses with systems spread across different physical regions. Another problem is managing access for large populations of users who need different levels of access. Windows logins, LDAP and Active Directory lack the granular levels of control to properly secure access. These growing problems complicate the security administrator s job. A senior analyst with Enterprise Strategy Group said, Companies know they need to deploy firewall functionality, but where they station it and what capabilities the firewall includes has become harder to determine. 2 Fortunately, new solutions address these challenges directly. 1 Chapple, M. (March 27, 2007). SearchSecurity.com. How to conduct firewall configuration reviews. 2 Korzeniowski, P. (August 16, 2007). SecuritySearch.com. Firewall deployment options increase for enter prises. 3

4 Managing the Virtual Environment Communication between VMs is undetected by firewalls, creating significant security vulnerabilities Virtual environments create new security challenges. Because VMs are not tied permanently to physical hardware, they cannot be adequately protected with firewalls and VLANs. With the erosion of technology tied to a particular location, the tracking of IP- or static-based identifiers is no longer sufficient, indeed most network and admission control technologies are not virtualization aware, stated a Security Park article. 3 For example, if a VM is migrated to a different location (such as in disaster recovery), its IP address and MAC address may change. Virtualization deployments can create major challenges for security professionals who rely on physical security. The security challenges posed by virtual environments will continue to grow. According to a Gartner report, by 2011, 80 percent of servers in large enterprises will be equipped with virtualized security partitions. 4 This increased adoption of virtualization will result in new attack paths, Gartner stated. For example, a misconfiguration of the internal virtual network could break down VM isolation. In addition, even VMs that are allowed to communicate with each other within a physical host are not safe. One VM could attack another without detection. Adequately securing virtual environments will be a major challenge for IT. Fortunately new solutions are emerging that can tackle access management for both physical and virtual environments. A brief examination of the history of network protection provides further insights. History of Protecting IT Assets Firewalls were born in the late 1980s and designed to prevent unwanted data packets from entering an enterprise. Composed of simple routers with filtering rules, these firewalls were meant to protect the internal network from outside threats and only allow specific applications and users in from the outside. 3 Frith, D. (March 1, 2008). Security Park. Virtualisation: Why existing security measures are no longer enough. 4 Young, G., MacDonald, N. & Pescatore, J. (December 20, 2007). Gartner. Limited choices are available for network firewalls in virtualized servers. 4

5 As the Internet grew in popularity, the role of firewalls grew more important. By the 1990s, stateful firewalls and application layer firewall detection were able to interpret ports in use, determine which ports an application should be using and dynamically protect the connection. The firewall has evolved from a perimeter defense device to a security tool used to segment networks The original design of firewalls was to provide a highly protected entrance point into the network. However, as more employees became mobile, VPNs were necessary. By punching a hole in the firewall, VPNs allowed home-based employees to securely access internal corporate resources. This also opened the door to major security challenges. Now the perimeter of the business was extended into employees homes. Firewalls grew in capabilities and function. As more employees began moving around the business with their laptops and WiFi-enabled devices, the need to protect departments or subsets of the corporate network from internal data breaches grew. For the first time, internal firewalls began segmenting different systems within the business. Now firewalls were preventing people on the inside from accessing unauthorized data and systems a task firewalls were never intended to accomplish. Today large enterprises have a complex maze of internal firewalls that must communicate with each other. The result is a very difficult-to-manage security operation. With the growing use of virtualization, security problems are compounding. Because VMs are dispersed across environments that operate outside the traditional physical protection of firewalls, a new security approach is needed that addresses the limitations of internal firewalls. The New Solution: An Identity-Aware Network Designed to eliminate burdensome firewall rule changes and properly secure all virtual machines, an identity-aware network helps security administrators rapidly implement policy changes. Built to span physical and virtual environments, IT can now implement dynamic and highly secure policies across the enterprise. 5

6 Eliminating reliance on IP addresses, these solutions use digital certificates to identify users and systems. Because the solution does not rely on hardware to enforce security, highly granular and flexible access management is enabled. Now access policies are enforced by user and host. This user- and host-based security policy management overcomes the major limitations of firewalls and VLANs, while securing VMs. Now people and systems can be located anywhere on the network while security policies remain in full force Network layer software agents reside on clients and servers. These agents operate fully transparent to users and applications, eliminating any integration requirements. The policies of an agent determine what systems on the network are available and if communications should be encrypted. This distributed policy management model allows granular port-based protection. Now encrypted communications between a user or host and client can take place over a single port and remain encrypted during the entire transit. Because an identity-aware network uses certificate-based authentication, it operates flawlessly in virtual environments that are not tied to IP addresses. These solutions employ logical security zones that act as private communities for VMs, physical servers and clients, regardless of platform or physical location. This eliminates the need to reconfigure the network for security and protects against VM sprawl. New VMs cannot see or access members of a logical security zone unless they are specifically granted access. From a central location, an administrator can easily manage or change security policies and update any agent on the network. Now people and systems can be located anywhere in the enterprise while security policies remain in full force. This new flexibility allows IT to deploy systems independent of firewall restrictions. Benefits of an Identity-Aware Network An identity-aware network provides many important benefits, including: Eliminates complex firewall rule changes and configurations Maintains policy enforcement as users, physical or virtual machines move around the network 6

7 Allows incremental deployment so IT can secure critical assets and expand in phases Enhances policy control using a highly flexible central management console that controls policies for all agents on the network. Provides highly granular policies for small or large groups of systems or users Enables on-the-fly policy changes to meet future business needs An identity-aware network eliminates the complex rule sets common with firewalls Works across multiple platforms and VMs, eliminating the need to invest in multiple solutions Eliminates the need to readdress or change rules, speeding the implementation of new policies Simplifies management and reduces errors by eliminating command-line requirements Tracks unauthorized attempts to access systems Supports hot and cold migration of VMs Protects VMs from each other Authenticates and optionally encrypts communications between users, systems and VMs, protecting data in motion Eliminates vulnerabilities caused by VM sprawl What to Look for in an Identity-Aware Network Solution When seeking an identity-aware network solution, consider the following important requirements: Support for both physical and virtual environments: Seek a solution that is not reliant on IP addresses to ensure VMs, physical servers and clients can be adequately protected. 7

8 End-to-end encryption: Look for a product that can provide access management and encrypt data in motion. Encryption should utilize x509 v3 certificates and AES 128- and 256-bit encryption. Look for centralized management of security policies, greatly simplifying security administration Centralized management: The ideal solution should manage zoning and encryption, and should be able to set encryption policies between users, systems and VMs anywhere on the network across geographies. No forklift upgrades: The solution should not require any changes to existing applications or the network, but should operate transparently to users, eliminating long and costly deployments. Not dependent on IP addresses: The ideal solution should be able to enforce security standards regardless of IP address changes. Supports multiple operating systems and applications: Seek a solution that can accommodate both leading and legacy operating systems such as Windows, UNIX and Linux, as well as applications. Designed for complex, expanding IT environments: Look for a solution that is robust and scalable to accommodate highly complex and expanding environments. Trusted security company: Work with a company whose security solutions are deployed by well-respected, brand named companies. The Apani Identity-Aware Network Solution: EpiForce EpiForce security software delivers access control and policy-based encryption, both based on identity, to protect critical data and communications from intruders. Working at the network layer, EpiForce deploys logical security zones that are transparent to users and applications, enabling security zones to be quickly deployed and efficiently managed from a central console. 8

9 Unlike access control appliance-based solutions that rely on physical locations and IP addresses, EpiForce creates an identity-aware network that delivers security to mixed physical and virtual data centers independent of these requirements. By isolating systems into logical security zones and strictly controlling who has access to these security zones, EpiForce is a superior alternative to deploying, configuring and managing firewalls and VLANs. Because EpiForce is a software-based solution, it is easier to manage, more flexible, quicker to deploy and has a lower total cost of ownership. Leveraging digital certificates to authenticate users and systems, EpiForce works flawlessly in virtual environments. Deploying in only days, highly scalable and transparent to infrastructure, applications and users, Apani EpiForce will meet the needs of any large corporation. For case studies or to learn more about EpiForce, call or visit 9

10 About Apani Apani is the preeminent provider of identity-aware networking solutions for large enterprises, protecting an organization s internal network and business-critical data from intruders. EpiForce VM is a comprehensive identity-aware network solution that supports physical hardware and VMs Apani EpiForce, the company s flagship product, allows an organization to create an identity-aware network that protects data and network communications by isolating users, servers, clients and mission critical data into security zones, regardless of system platform or physical location. EpiForce uses the identity of the user to control access to security zones and selectively encrypt traffic on between users and machines on the network. EpiForce provides flexibility and efficiency not available with traditional network security solutions. Based on software, EpiForce is a distributed, centrally-managed solution that is transparent to users, applications and infrastructure making it quicker to deploy and less costly to manage than any hardware-centric solution. Policy enforced by EpiForce is persistent, enabling protected resources to be relocated without compromising security. Working to provide an evolutionary improvement in efficiency, flexibility, manageability and total costs of ownership, Apani technology is used by much of the Fortune 500. Based in Southern California, Apani was founded in 2003 and is privately held / Apani. Apani and EpiForce are registered trademarks of Apani. All other brand or product names mentioned are the trademarks owned by their companies or organizations.

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