Teaching Business English and Its Spanish Equivalents

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1 Teaching Business English and Its Spanish Equivalents Nina Kisin, Higher Business School of Professional Studies, University of Novi Sad (Serbia) Nina Kisin was born in She graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy (University of Novi Sad) in June 2011, with the degree in English Language and Literature, BA. She defended her master's thesis in the field of linguistics in September In October, 2012 she enrolled in a PhD program at the Faculty of Philosophy (University of Novi Sad) with a focus on Methodology of Teaching. She is an assistant lecturer at the Higher Business School of Professional Studies (University of Novi Sad), where she teaches Business English. She is a member of ELTA (English Language Teachers' Association). Abstract: This article attempts to compare the terminology of Business English and Business Spanish. The aim of this article is to incorporate two most widely spoken languages in the world, that is, Spanish and English in relation to teaching more and more popular language for specific purposes. The terminology used in this article represents some new terms from Business English for which the author will attempt to find equivalents in Spanish. By combining the melodicity and popularity of both languages, an interesting approach to vocabulary might be established. Keywords: Business English, Business Spanish, teaching El Resumen: Este artículo trata de comparar la terminología de inglés de negocios y español de los negocios. El objetivo de este artículo es la incorporación de los dos idiomas más hablados en el mundo, es decir, español y inglés en la relación con la enseñanza de más y más popular idioma especializado. La terminología utilizada en este artículo representa los nuevos términos de inglés de negocios para el cual el autor intentará encontrar equivalentes en español. Mediante la combinación de la melodicidad y la popularidad de las dos lenguas, una interesante aproximación al vocabulario puede ser establecida. Las Palabras clave: inglés de negocios, español de los negocios, enseñanza 1

2 1. INTRODUCTION The reasons why the author of this paper chose to compare the popular Business English and Business Spanish words are given in what follows, along with the aims of the article. First, the author of this paper has been learning Spanish for three years, as a part of an optional course at the Faculty of Philosophy (University of Novi Sad). Apart from the English language, the author considered the Spanish language to be the most melodious and interesting language to learn and culture to discover. This opportunity to incorporate both English and Spanish in an article about a language for specific purposes came as a long-awaited and a golden opportunity for the author. Second, according to Nationalencyclopedin (2007), Swedish encyclopedia, Spanish (387 million native speakers) and English (365 million native speakers) are two most widely spoken languages in the world. Thus, the purpose of comparing business vocabulary of both languages might be perceived in an attempt to help Spanish speakers to learn some Business English terminology and vice versa. The novel terminology is found at Professional English Online (Cambridge University Press). The terminology is found in the same contexts for both languages which makes the application of two languages in class easier. 2. ECONOMICS TERMINOLOGY 2.1. Financial Crisis Terms We will focus on exploring the terminology in relation to the economy, with a special reference to the economic crisis. The comparison of the words from English and Spanish that refer to the economic crisis is given in Table 1. Table 1 Economics Terminology. The Economic Crisis. THE ECONOMY/ THE ECONOMIC CRISIS BUSINESS ENGLISH WORD agflation austerity bailout bear market BUSINESS SPANISH WORD agflación austeridad rescate mercado bajista 2

3 borrowing binge budget deficit double-dip (W-shaped) recession fiscal cliff foreclosure green shoots The Lipstick Index endeudamiento compulsivo déficit presupuestario recaída en la recesión acantilado fiscal juicio hipotecario brotes verdes El índice del pintalabios As can be seen in Table 1, the terms from English are given along with their equivalents in Spanish. This can serve as a useful teaching tool which can help an English speaker to learn Business Spanish words (español de los negocios) and vice versa. This way of learning vocabulary can be enriched with different texts and contexts in which the words appear. As a remark, the students of English as a foreign language in Serbia are truly interested in Spanish, as well. Since, the class in which we did the comparison of two languages for specific purposes was an interesting one. The students asked the author of this paper: How do we say 'a convenience store' in Spanish? and the author readily answered: La bodega Teaching business vocabularies in context. The author would like to make a quick reference to the usage of these words (see Table 1) and the contexts they appear in. The term agflation refers to the rise in food price. This happens due to the fact that people consume food in greater amounts, or it is being used for other purposes (biofuels made from corn). The word usually appears in English in connection with biofuels and whether biofuels should be used or not. By exploring the Spanish corpus, it has been noticed that the word agflación appears in the same context. The same is for the word austerity (austeridad) that appears in the unpopular contexts of reducing the costs on the part of governments. This word, for instance, can be interesting for the students of both Business English and Spanish, since, this is the word in the news. It seems that we all need a good rescue (el rescate), which is defined in English as a bailout. Many important companies are facing the crisis and cannot survive 3

4 without the support from a government. In El Mundo, the word el rescate appeared in the context of saving the Eurozone: el rescate a la Eurozona (El Mundo, 2012). Bear market (or, mercado bajista) is an extremely popular word among the students. The author of this paper usually explains this word by using the pictures of a famous representation of a falling market, a bear and a powerful market, a bull. The bear market is used within the context of a fall in the stock prices. In Spanish, there is even a leaflet that deals with how to survive the bear market, called: Permanecer calmado durante un mercado bajista (Vanguard, 2008). These hard times of the economic crisis made us eating less, working less involuntarily, spending less, but they also made us borrowing more. Borrowing binge refers to a short-term solution. People borrow large sums of money without thinking about the consequences and thus, become the eternal debtors. This is referred to as borrowing binge. There is an interesting heading in The Telegraph, Brown's UK borrowing binge is now dangerous bravado. This heading combines the term from Business English borrowing binge with a Spanish word bravado, which means showing too much courage. The Spanish word bravado became a part of English vocabulary. The word borrowing binge is also used in both languages to criticize governments for borrowing large sums of money in order to stimulate their economies (Professional English Online, CUP). Similarly a budget deficit (déficit presupuestario) refers to the relationship between revenues and expenditures of a government the difference between how much a government brings in and how much it spends. This is also easy to remember for a student of English and/or Spanish, since this is a word that appears frequently in different contexts. In El Mundo, the word appeared in a context of a deficit in 2011 which was above all expectations and which went above 8.51%: El déficit de 2011 supera todas las previsiones y alcanza el 8, 51% (El Mundo, 2012). A double-dip (W-shaped) recession refers to a period of the economic recession, followed by a period of the economic growth, and, then, returning to a period of the economic recession. We wonder whether this short period of growth will ever come. While we are waiting, the journalists in El Mundo are writing about recaída en la recesión in relation to the empty baskets in hypermarkets. Namely, the turbulent period of the economic crisis caused a decrease of 3.1% in sales in 2011 for Carrefour, French hypermarket chain in Spain. It is found in the news as: La recaída en la recesión golpea las ventas de Carrefour en España (El Mundo, 2012). 4

5 Fiscal cliff (acantilado fiscal) is also an up-to-date phenomenon, because it appears as an increase in taxes and a reduction of costs. The worst is yet to come in However, in order to make this quite negative vocabulary more memorable and interesting to the students, the author usually explains this term by showing a picture of Wile E. Coyote falling off cliffs in an attempt to catch the Road Runner. The students laugh at this and they easily remember the term. Foreclosure (juicio hipotecario) is an uncomfortable situation in which, e.g. a bank automatically takes away all the property of a debtor because he/she is unable to pay off his/her debts. The author of this paper usually highlights to the students that if they are in Spain, this law will be a bit modified. According to the new law, la Ley nueva, people are given a period of time in which they need to return money if they wish to keep their property safe. In other words, the property is not taken away automatically. Finally, something positive. Green shoots (brotes verdes) refers to the first signs of economic recovery (Professional English Online, CUP) after a long time of the economic crisis. Thus, in March this word appeared in Spanish online newspaper Publico: El Gobierno ya ve brotes verdes en la economía española. The word brotes verdes is evidently very picturesque and useful when it comes to these contexts. The author wondered if there is any positive side of the economic crisis. It seems that The Lipstick Index (el índice del pintalabios) represents something positive in spite of all this chaos. Women adore lipsticks. However, there is also one interesting fact discovered by a famous American businesswoman, Estée Lauder. The sale of lipsticks goes up during the economic crisis. The increase in sales is visible in comparison with other beauty products. An interesting way to refer to this word is found in El Mundo. Namely, there is an increase in sales of the lipstick during the economic crisis, because putting your lipstick on is the cheapest way to look good. As for men, there is an increase of sales of a tie (la corbata) as the cheapest way to look good at a job interview (El Mundo, 2009). In one class my students were provided with the article Los indicadores más absurdos -y fiables- de una crisis económica (ibid.). They found it compelling. The presence of Spanish in business terms was a novelty. We translated some words that appeared in the article into English (las camareras = waitresses, el nicho = niche, la empresa = company, los tiempos de bonanza = good times, la comida rápida = fast food etc). 3. THE CONCLUSION 5

6 This article observed the comparison of two most widely-spoken languages in the world, that is, Spanish and English, respectively. The examples, translation and comparison of two vocabularies, is a piece of evidence that in one class, while teaching language for specific purposes, both foreign languages might be included effectively. This can be done from time to time, or more frequently, however, it is an excellent way to value and preserve different cultures, as well as to, simultaneously, enrich the vocabulary and the knowledge of two languages. References: Brown's UK borrowing binge is now dangerous bravado. The Telegraph. The Telegraph, November, Web. Available at: UK-borrowing-binge-is-now-dangerous-bravado.html Date accessed: 28th October, El déficit de 2011 supera todas las previsiones y alcanza el 8, 51%. El Mundo, El Mundo, February Web. Available at: Date accessed: 29th October, El Gobierno está listo para pedir el rescate. El Mundo. El Mundo, October Web. Available at: Date accessed: 26th October, El Gobierno ya ve brotes verdes en la economía española. Publico, Publico, March Web. Available at: Date accessed: 28th October, Jargon Buster. Professional English Online. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Web. Available at: Date accessed: 25 th October, La recaída en la recesión golpea las ventas de Carrefour en España. El Mundo, El Mundo, April Web. Available at: Date accessed: 29th October, Los indicadores más absurdos -y fiables- de una crisis económica. El Mundo, El Mundo, December, Web. Available at: 6

7 Date accessed: 26th October, Permanecer calmado durante un mercado bajista Vanguard: The Vanguard Group, Inc, Web. Available at: Date accessed: 27th October,

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