Index. Aydin, Mehmed 41 Aydin, S. 71, 87 Aydinlar Ocaði (intellectuals) 85 Aydinlik group 98

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1 Index Abdulhamid, Sultan 69-72, 95, 106 Adalet Partisi (AP) (Justice Party) 48, 84, 85 Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) (Justice and Development Party) democracy 134 government and Kemalists 73 individual rights 144 Islam 2, 41, 86 liberal ideas 107 paradigm shift 50-3 religion 144 victory 35-6 Adenalý, H. 45 Ahmad, Khurshid 38 AKP see Adelat ve Kalkınma Partisi Alkan, M. 106 Anavatan Partisi (ANAP) (Motherland Party Government) 49, 86 anti-communist tendencies during the Cold War era 84 AP see Adalet Partisi Arkoun, M Army in Turkey Islam 35-6 Kemalist Discourse 79, 84 Left opposition 98 military coup Nationalist Discourse 94 politics 134 social and political divisions 85-6 Tanzimat 68-9 Atacan, F Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal CHP party 84 national identity of Turkey 82 secular regime 2, 35 Six Arrows principles 72-3 Turkish Communist Party 96-7 Western style regime 47, 68 Western-type education system 106 Aydin, Mehmed 41 Aydin, S. 71, 87 Aydinlar Ocaði (intellectuals) 85 Aydinlik group 98 Bano, Shah 143 Bariş İçin Sürekli Kadın Platformu (BSKP) 4-5, 131, , 156 Belge, M. 83 Belli, Mihri 97-8 Benhabib, Seyla deliberative practice 26-9 Habermas theory 18 social learning 2, 149 The Claims of Culture 5, 143-4, Young, Iris 30 Bernstein, Richard 25-6 bibliography Billard, S. 56 Binary Deliberation Model 154, 155 binary deliberation and social learning book summary 2-5 Bora, T. 81 BSKP see Bariş İçin Sürekli Kadın Platformu Bulaç, Ali 41 Büyük Birlik Partisi (BBP) (Grand Unity Party) 86, 145 Caha, O. 41 Capital Women s Platform 139, 144 Christianity 42, 44 Cold War 83 consensus criterion and Habermas, J Conservative Nationalism 83-4 cooperation prospects Cumhuriyetçi Halk Partisi (CHP) (Republican People s Party) 48, 50, 72, 83, 84 Cyprus and AKP 52

2 176 Islam, Democracy and Dialogue in Turkey Dahl, Robert 145 decision-making and deliberation 1-2, 21 Decision-Making Phase deliberation decision-making 1-2 dialogic necessity social learning 1-2, 7-33 deliberative democracy conclusions democratic institutions 1 Rawls, J , deliberative practice and Benhabib, S democracy Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi 134 discourse analysis Islam 37-43, 43-6 democratic legitimacy concept 21 Demokrat Parti (DP) (Democrat Party) 47-8, 83, 85, 137 Demokratik Sol Parti (DSP) (Democratic Left Party) 50 dialogic necessity and deliberation dialogue for mutual understanding , 129 discourse comparison democracy discourse-based analysis Islam Kemalism and Secularism media overview state and army topic-based analysis women s headscarf issue discourse definition 56 Doğru Yol Partisi (DYP) (True Path Party) 49 DP see Demokrat Parti Dryzek, J. decision-making processes 9 discourse 56 Habermas theory 18 social learning 2, 30-3, 149 DSP see Demokratik Sol Parti DYP see Doğru Yol Partisi Eggins, R. 153 Elster, J Emevi dynasty 41 Erbakan, Necmettin 49 Erdoðan, Tayyip 51-2 ethical discourses and Habermas, J. 19 ethnic tendencies and Nationalist Discourse 84-5 European Union (EU) 53, 87 Evren, Kenan 49 Fazilet Partisi (FP) (Virtue Party) 50, 51 formal deliberation and Young, Iris FP see Fazilet Partisi fundamentalism and Islam 37 Gadamer, H.G. presuppositions of speech 17 the fusion of horizons 7, 21-6 Galief, Sultan 87 Gellner, E. 42-3, 46, 52 Glaser, B. 56 Grand Turkish Assembly 96 grounded theory 56 Gül, Abdullah 145 Gulen, Fetullah 41 Gülhane Hatt-ý-Hümayunu 68-9 Habermas, J. communicative action theory 2, 21 consensus criterion democratic legitimacy 21 dialogic conditions ethical discourses 19 hermeneutics 23-5 learning process 14 McCarthy, Thomas and communicative action 21 moral discourses 19 pragmatic discourses 19 presuppositions of speech religion 44 social learning 43-4, 149 universal pragmatics 16 Haslam, S.A. 151 headscarf, women s 94, 103-4, , 125-6, , 136 hermeneutics (interpretation) 21-6 Hidayet Tuksal of Başkent Kadýn Platformu (BKP) (Capital Women s Platform) 139, 144

3 Index 177 Honneth, Axel 25 Hüsnü, Sefik 96 Idrak (journal) 96 IHD see İnsan Hakları Derneği ijma (consensus) concept 40, 45 individual rights and Islam Inönü, Ismet 47-8 İnsan Hakları Derneği (IHD) (Human Rights Association) 98-9, 131, 134-7, 156 İşçi Partisi (IP) (Workers Party) 88, 98 Islam Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi 86 Army in Turkey 35-6 democracy 37-43, 43-6 discourse 3 discourse comparison fundamentalism 37 individual rights Kelam tradition 45 Kemalist Discourse 93 Liberal Left Discourse 103 Milli Selamet Partisi 48 Muhammad 42 Nationalist Discourse 85, 93-4 secular regime in Turkey 2, 35 state relationship in Turkey Sufii orders 41 tasavvuf 41 tawhid principle 37, 45-6 Turkish politics 49 ulema 45 Islamic Discourse (ID) anti-establishment tendency 133 anti-kemalist position 111 characteristics 104 democracy dialogue and mutual understanding 104, 113 discourse analysis 65 factor interpretation history Islam Kemalism 120, 133 Kemalist Discourse analysis 74 Liberal Left Discourse similarities liberal roots 105 media 124 mutual understanding 129 overview Q study 3 religious freedom 112 secularism 120 state interference and religion 129 women s headscarf issue , , istibdat (oppression) 69 Iştirak (journal) 95 Ittahat ve Terakki (IT) (Young Turks organisation) 70-2, 81-2, 95, 106 ittihad-i Islam (unity of Islam) 106 Ittihad-i Osmanlý 70 Kant, Emanuel 11 Kanun-i Esasi constitution 69-70, 95 Karpat, K. 68 KD see Kemalist Discourse Kelam tradition and Islam 45 Kelly, D. 151 Kemalism Army in Turkey 79 development 73 discourse 3 Kemalist Discourse (KD) Left nationalism 87 Misak-1 Milli 98 Muslim oppression 77 nationalism 82-3 secular regime 49, 51 secularism 85, , Kemalist Discourse (KD) anti-secular values 130 Army in Turkey 84 characteristics 66-7 democracy dialogue for mutual understanding 113, 129 discourse analysis 65 factor interpretation 73-8 history 67-73

4 178 Islam, Democracy and Dialogue in Turkey Islam 93, Kemalism , 120 media 124 Nationalist Discourse 66 Ottomans 68-9, overview pro-western values 93 Q findings 145 secularism 120 Six arrows principles 72-3 statements and rankings 75-6 Turkish Public Sphere 73 Women s headscarf issue , 125-7, 129 Kemalist Republic of Kemalist Thought Association 73 Khan, Ashgar 38 Köker, L. 72 Kurdish Democratic Emek Partisi (DEP) (Democratic Labour Party) 145 Kurds 84, 86 Kymlica, Will Left nationalism National Democratic Revolution 87-8 Nationalist Discourse 87-8 Lenin and Left nationalism 87 Liberal Left Discourse (LLD) anti-establishment tendency 133 characteristics 94-5 democracy dialogue for mutual understanding discourse analysis 65 factor interpretation history 95-9 Islam 103, Islamic Discourse similarities Kemalism 120, 133 overview Q study 3 religious freedom 104 secularism 120 state interference and religion 129 women s headscarf issue , Mao, Chairman 97 Mardin, Ş. 40-1, 68, 70 Marriage and Divorce Legislation 143 Mazlum-Der (Association of Human Rights /Oppressed People) 131, 135-7, 156 McCarthy, Thomas Habermas theory 18, 18-21, 25 mutual accommodation 20 social learning 2, 149 media and discourse analysis Menderes, Adnan 47 Meşrutiyet 69, 95, 106 MHP see Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi military coup in Turkey , 98 Milli Görüs (National View) 52, 71 Milli Nizam Partisi (MNP) (National Order Party) 48 Milli Selamet Partisi (MSP) (National Salvation Party) 48, 52 Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi (MHP) (Nationalist Movement Party) anti-communist character 84 Demokratik Emek Partisi 145 fascism 87 Işçi Partisi 98 Islam 85, 86 Left nationalism 88 Nationalist Discourse 81 Nationalistic Front Coalition 48, 50 populist approach 85 ultra-nationalism 137 Misak-1 Milli (unity of nation) and Kemalism 98 MNP see Milli Nizam Partisi moral discourses and Habermas, J. 19 MSP see Milli Selamet Partisi Muhammad and Islam development 42 Murat, Mizanci 71 Muslim communities 17 Mutlu, Yüksel mutual accommodation concept 20

5 Index 179 Nakşibendi movement 41, 47 National Democratic Revolution (NDR) 87-8, 97-8 nationalism in Turkey 81-2 Nationalist Discourse (ND) anti-communist tendencies during Cold War 84 characteristics 80-1 Conservative Nationalism 83-4 democracy discourse analysis 65, ethnic tendencies 84-5 factor interpretation history 81-2 Islam 85, 93-4, 117 Ittahet ve Terraki 81, 82 Kemalism and secularism 120 Kemalist Discourse 66 Kemalist Nationalism 82-3 Left nationalism 87, 87-8 media Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi 81 mutual understanding , 129 overview 93-4 Q findings 145 Q study 3, 80-1 unity of state 93 women s headscarf issue 94, , 125-7, 129 NDR see National Democratic Revolution New Testament 42 Őcalan, Abdullah 85 Offe, Claud 151 OSF see Osmanlı Sosyalist Fırkası Osmanlý Ittihad-i ve Terakki Cemiyeti (Association of Ottoman Unity and Progress) 70-1 Osmanlı Sosyalist Fırkası (OSF) (Ottoman Socialist Party) 95-6 Ottoman Empire 40, 46, 71-2, 82 Ottomans 19th century regime 104 definition 69 millet system 40 Russian War Sultan Abdulhamid Western liberal principles 105 Western values 68 Young 95, 107 Őzal, Turgut 49 Őzkok, Hilmi 145 P-set (subjects) 60-2 Pamak, Mehmet 135 Paris Commune Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (PKK) (Kurdistan Workers Party) 53, 85 Pensky, Max 147 Pettigrew, T Piaget 12 PKK see Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan pragmatic discourses and Habermas, J. 19 presuppositions of speech and Habermas, J Q study clusters of opinions 65 deliberative democracy democratic principles description 55-7, follow-up interviews 63 Insan Haklarý Derneði 99 Islamic Discourse 104 Islamic politics 112 Kemalist Discourse 66-7 Muslim allies 52 mutual understanding 80 Nationalist Discourse 80-1, 93 paradigm change in discourses 131 participants Q-sample 56 Q-set Q-sorting (statement evaluation) 62-3 statements and rankings Turkey 3-4, 36 Q-sample 56 Q-set Q-sorting (statement evaluation) 62-3 Qur an text 37-41, 107 R methodology (statistics) 55-6 Ramadan 45

6 180 Islam, Democracy and Dialogue in Turkey Rawls, J. deliberation theory 2 deliberative democracy 11-15, moral reasoning 27-8 Refah Partisi (RP) (Welfare Party) 2, 49-50, 51, 86, 136 religion and Habermas, J. 44 RP see Refah Partisi Saadet Partisi (SP) (Felicity Party) 50, 51-2, 86 Salçý, Zeliha scarf see headscarf secularism Kemalism 11-12, Turkey 2, 35 Shari ah (religious code) 41, 68, 74, 118 shurah (consultation) 40, 45 Sivil Haklar Girişimi (SHG) (Civil Rights Initiative) 136 Six Arrows principles 72-3, 85 social learning binary deliberation BSKP 141 cultural groups deliberation 1-2, 7-33 Habermas, J Socialist Workers Federation 95 SP see Saadet Partisi SSL see Structured Social Learning Stephenson, William 3, 55 Structured Social Learning (SSL) 150, Sufii orders and Islam 41 Sultan Abdulhamid and Ottomans Sunstein, R.C. 9 Suphi, Mustafa 96 Tanzimat reforms 67-8, 70, 105 tasavvuf and Islam 41 tawhid principle and Islam 37, 45-6 the authors of the law The Claims of Culture 5, 143, the fusion of horizons 7, 21-6 The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought 69 The Washington Post 51 TKP see Türkiye Komunist Partisi Topuz, Ali 36 Tuksal, Hidayet Tuncay, M Turam, B. 146 Turk Dil Kurumu (Institution of Turkish Language) 84 Turkish Public Sphere 65, 73 Türkiye İşçi Çiftçi Sosyalist Fırkası (TSF) (Workers and Farmers Socialist Party) 96 Türkiye Komunist Partisi (TKP) (Communist Party of Turkey) 53, 88, 96-8 Türkone, M. 52, ulema (Islamic scholars) 40, 45, 106 universal pragmatics and Habermas, J. 16 Warnke, G. 8, 25 Weymouth, Lally 51 Women s headscarf issue 94, 103-4, , 125-6, , 136 Women s Platform for Peace in Turkey 8-9 World Values Survey 37 Yalçintaş, Nevzat 85 Yazicoglu, Muhsin 145 Yön group 97 Young, Iris Benhabib, Seyla 28 formal deliberation Habermas s theory 18 social learning 2, 149 Young Ottomans 95, 107