ADMIRALTY AND MARITIME LAW IN THE UNITED STATES

Transcription

1 ADMIRALTY AND MARITIME LAW IN THE UNITED STATES David W. Robertson W. Page Keeton Chair in Tort Law University of Texas School of Law Steven F. Friedell Professor of Law Rutgers University School of Law (Camden) Michael F. Sturley Stanley D. and Sandra J. Rosenberg Centennial Professor University of Texas School of Law Carolina Academic Press Durham, North Carolina

2 Copyright David W. Robertson, Steven F. Friedell, and Michael F. Sturley All Rights Reserved. ISBN: LCCN: Carolina Academic Press 700 Kent Street Durham, NC Telephone (919) Fax (919) Printed in the United States of America

3 Contents Table of Cases Preface xv xxxi CHAPTER I. THE BASICS: ADMIRALTY JURISDICTION, CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE,AND PRACTICE 3 A. Historical Background 3 DeLOVIO v. BOIT 6 Notes 9 THE THOMAS JEFFERSON 10 Notes 11 THE GENESEE CHIEF v. FITZHUGH 13 Notes 16 THE EAGLE 17 Notes 18 B. Admiralty Jurisdiction in Contract Cases 19 NORTH PACIFIC STEAMSHIP CO. v. HALL BROTHERS MARINE RAILWAY & SHIPBUILDING CO. 20 Notes 23 KOSSICK v. UNITED FRUIT CO. 24 EXXON CORP. v. CENTRAL GULF LINES, INC. 26 Notes 31 C. Admiralty Jurisdiction in Tort Cases 32 PALUMBO v. BOSTON TOW BOAT CO. 32 Notes 33 JEROME B. GRUBART, INC. v. GREAT LAKES DREDGE & DOCK CO. 35 Notes 45 DELTA COUNTRY VENTURES, INC. v. MAGANA 47 Notes 52 D. The Navigable Waters Issue 53 LeBLANC v. CLEVELAND 54 Notes 57 E. The Vessel Issue 58 THE ROBERT W. PARSONS 60 Notes 61 MANUEL v. P.A.W. DRILLING & WELL SERVICE, INC. 62 Notes 67 HURST v. PILINGS & STRUCTURES, INC. 68 v

4 vi CONTENTS Notes 69 F. The Exclusive Jurisdiction of the Federal Admiralty Courts and the Concurrent Jurisdiction of Common Law Courts 69 THE MOSES TAYLOR 72 Notes 73 ROUNDS v. CLOVERPORT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. 74 Notes 76 THORNSTEINSSON v. M/V DRANGUR 76 Notes 80 MADRUGA v. SUPERIOR COURT 80 Notes 82 G. The Distinctiveness of the Federal Admiralty Court and Some Fundamental Features of Its Procedure The two sides of federal court 83 ROMERO v. INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL OPERATING CO. 84 Notes Admiralty procedure before Admiralty procedure since 1966: the big picture 95 ADVISORY COMMITTEE NOTES 96 Notes The right to jury trial in hybrid cases 99 SPHERE DRAKE INSURANCE PLC v. J. SHREE CORP. 99 Notes 101 GHOTRA v. BANDILA SHIPPING, INC. 102 Notes Impleader under Rule 14(c) Possessory, petitory, and partition actions, including actions to try title to vessels Limitation of liability proceedings Equitable remedies in admiralty cases Service of process Personal jurisdiction 107 UNITED ROPE DISTRIBUTORS, INC. v. SEATRIUMPH MARINE CORP. 108 Notes 112 NISSHO IWAI CORP. v. M/V STAR SAPPHIRE 112 Notes 114 BLUEYE NAVIGATION, INC. v. OLTENIA NAVIGATION, INC. 115 Notes 118 PERSONAL JURISDICTION IN ACTIONS IN REM UNDER RULE C Venue Constitutional and prudential limitations on admiralty s broad power to seize ships 121 AMSTAR CORP. v. S/S ALEXANDROS T. 121 Notes Removal of admiralty cases Admiralty appeals 129 H. The Sources of the Substantive Law Applied in Admiralty and Maritime Cases 131

5 CONTENTS vii 1. The lesser difficulty: the maritime authority of Congress The greater difficulty: nonstatutory federal maritime law vs. state law 133 BALLARD SHIPPING CO. v. BEACH SHELLFISH 134 Notes 139 SOUTHERN PACIFIC CO. v. JENSEN 140 Note 142 ERIE RAILROAD CO. v. TOMPKINS 142 Notes 146 POPE & TALBOT, INC. v. HAWN 147 Notes 148 KOSSICK v. UNITED FRUIT CO. 149 Notes 151 CHAPTER II. PERSONAL INJURY, DEATH,AND TORTIOUS HARM TO PROPERTY 155 A. The Basic Maritime Tort Law 155 KERMAREC v. COMPAGNIE GENERALE TRANSATLANTIQUE 155 Notes 157 BROTHERHOOD SHIPPING CO. v. ST. PAUL FIRE & MARINE INSURANCE CO. 158 Notes 161 THE E.M. FORD LITIGATION 162 EAST RIVER STEAMSHIP CORP. v. TRANSAMERICA DELAVAL 164 Notes 170 McDERMOTT, INC. v. AMCLYDE 171 Notes 176 CONTRIBUTION AND INDEMNITY 176 EXXON CO. v. SOFEC 178 Notes 182 B. Injuries To Seamen Historical introduction 183 THE OSCEOLA 185 Notes 187 CHELENTIS v. LUCKENBACH STEAMSHIP CO. 188 Notes 189 PANAMA RAILROAD CO. v. JOHNSON 189 Notes Maintenance and cure 193 AGUILAR v. STANDARD OIL CO. 193 WARREN v. UNITED STATES 197 Notes 199 FARRELL v. UNITED STATES 201 Notes 205 MAINTENANCE RATES 206 DAMAGES FOR FAILURE TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE AND CURE 206 WAGES The negligence remedy provided by the Jones Act 208 O DONNELL v. GREAT LAKES DREDGE & DOCK CO. 209

6 viii CONTENTS BRAEN v. PFEIFER OIL TRANSPORTATION CO. 211 Note 214 FERGUSON v. MOORE-McCORMACK LINES, INC. 214 Notes 215 KERNAN v. AMERICAN DREDGING CO. 216 Notes 221 GAUTREAUX v. SCURLOCK MARINE, INC. 222 Notes Seamen s actions for injuries caused by unseaworthiness 226 THE ROLPH 226 Notes 228 MITCHELL v. TRAWLER RACER, INC. 229 Notes 236 USNER v. LUCKENBACH OVERSEAS CORP. 237 Notes Seaman status 240 SOUTHWEST MARINE, INC. v. GIZONI 242 CHANDRIS, INC. v. LATSIS 245 Notes 255 HARBOR TUG & BARGE CO. v. PAPAI 256 Notes 259 C. The Longshore and Harbor Workers Compensation Act 260 SUN SHIP, INC. v. PENNSYLVANIA 261 Notes 263 NORTHEAST MARINE TERMINAL CO. v. CAPUTO 265 Notes 271 HOWLETT v. BIRKDALE SHIPPING CO. 272 Notes 276 JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL CORP. v. PFEIFER 276 Notes 278 D. Offshore Oil and Gas Workers 278 RODRIGUE v. AETNA CASUALTY & SURETY CO. 279 Notes 282 HERB S WELDING, INC. v. GRAY 283 Notes 288 E. Wrongful Death and Survival Actions 289 MORAGNE v. STATES MARINE LINES, INC. 290 Notes 298 MILES v. APEX MARINE CORP. 298 Notes 304 YAMAHA MOTOR CORP., U.S.A. v. CALHOUN 304 Notes 309 DOOLEY v. KOREAN AIR LINES CO. 310 Notes 312 CHAPTER III. CARRIAGE OF GOODS 315 A. Introduction 315 B. The Harter Act 317 THE GERMANIC 318

7 CONTENTS ix Notes 319 C. The Hague Rules, Cogsa, And More Recent Regimes: An Overview 321 THE HISTORY OF COGSA AND THE HAGUE RULES 321 Notes 323 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARGO LIABILITY REGIMES 323 Notes 324 D. The Cargo Claimant s Action Under COGSA The plaintiff s prima facie case. 327 BALLY, INC. v. M/V ZIM AMERICA 327 Notes Burdens of proof 333 LEKAS & DRIVAS, INC. v. GOULANDRIS 333 Notes 337 E. Excepted Perils Nautical fault COGSA 4(2)(a) Fire COGSA 4(2)(b) 338 WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP. v. M/V LESLIE LYKES 339 Notes Perils of the sea COGSA 4(2)(c) 345 THYSSEN INC. v. S/S EUROUNITY 345 Notes The Q clause COGSA 4(2)(q) 347 QUAKER OATS CO. v. M/V TORVANGER 347 Notes 349 F. The Package Limitation 350 FISHMAN & TOBIN, INC. v. TROPICAL SHIPPING & CONSTRUCTION CO. 350 Notes 354 HENLEY DRILLING CO. v. McGEE 356 Notes 359 G. Deviation 360 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. v. S.S. NANCY LYKES 360 Notes 364 H. Negligent Third Parties 365 ROBERT C. HERD & CO. v. KRAWILL MACHINERY CORP. 366 Notes 369 I. Introduction To Charter Parties The demise or bareboat charter Voyage and time charters The voyage charter The time charter The slot or space charter 377 CHAPTER IV. COLLISION 379 THE JUMNA 379 Notes 380 THE PENNSYLVANIA 381 Notes 384 HAL ANTILLEN N.V. v. MOUNT YMITOS MS 384

8 x CONTENTS Note 387 PUERTO RICO PORTS AUTHORITY v. M/V MANHATTAN PRINCE 387 Notes 392 GAINES TOWING & TRANSPORTATION, INC. v. ATLANTIA TANKER CORP. 393 Note 394 UNITED STATES v. RELIABLE TRANSFER CO. 394 Notes 398 UNITED STATES v. ATLANTIC MUTUAL INSURANCE CO. 399 Notes 402 CHAPTER V. TOWAGE AND PILOTAGE 403 A. Towage 403 LONE STAR INDUSTRIES, INC. v. MAYS TOWING CO. 403 Notes 407 DILLINGHAM TUG & BARGE CORP. v. COLLIER CARBON & CHEMICAL CORP. 408 Note 411 B. Pilotage 411 THE FRAMLINGTON COURT 411 KOTCH v. BOARD OF RIVER PORT PILOT COMMISSIONERS 414 Notes 417 EVANS v. UNITED ARAB SHIPPING CO. 418 Notes 421 UNITED STATES v. NIELSON 422 Notes 423 CHAPTER VI. GENERAL AVERAGE 425 A. Introduction 425 DIGEST OF JUSTINIAN 425 THE LAWS OF OLERON 425 Notes 426 B. The Sacrifice 427 BARNARD v. ADAMS 427 Notes 430 RALLI v. TROOP 430 Notes 432 C. The Peril 433 NAVIGAZIONE GENERALE ITALIANA v. SPENCER KELLOGG & SONS, INC. 433 Notes 435 D. Vessel Fault 436 THE JASON 436 Notes 438 E. Rights Of Vessel And Cargo: The Adjustment 439 ZIM ISRAEL NAVIGATION CO. v. 3-D IMPORTS, INC. 439 Notes 441

9 CONTENTS xi CHAPTER VII. SALVAGE 443 MARKAKIS v. S/S VOLENDAM 443 Notes 446 MARGATE SHIPPING CO. v. M/V JA ORGERON 448 Notes 454 SEA HUNT, INC. v. UNIDENTIFIED SHIPWRECKED VESSEL 457 Notes 460 NOTE ON CONTRACT SALVAGE 461 PENINSULAR & ORIENTAL STEAM NAVIGATION CO. v. OVERSEAS OIL CARRIERS, INC. 462 Notes 466 CHAPTER VIII. MARITIME LIENS AND SHIP MORTGAGES 469 A. The Personification Theory 469 HARMER v. BELL (THE BOLD BUCCHLEUGH) 469 Notes 470 CAVCAR CO. v. M/V SUZDAL 471 Notes 474 B. Claims That Give Rise To Maritime Liens 475 OSAKA SHOSEN KAISHA v. PACIFIC EXPORT LUMBER CO. (THE SAIGON MARU) 475 Notes 477 KRAUSS BROS. LUMBER CO. v. DIMON STEAMSHIP CORP. (THE PACIFIC CEDAR) 478 Notes 479 C. The Federal Maritime Lien Act (FMLA) Providing necessaries to a vessel 481 SILVER STAR ENTERPRISES, INC. v. SARAMACCA MV 481 Notes On the credit of the vessel Presumed authority 484 D. Priority Among Maritime Liens 485 THE JOHN G. STEVENS 485 Notes 487 THE WILLIAM LEISHEAR 487 Notes 490 E. Ship Mortgages 492 GOVERNOR & COMPANY OF BANK OF SCOTLAND v. MARIA S.J. M/V 493 Notes 495 F. Bankruptcy 496 SELECTED PROVISIONS FROM THE BANKRUPTCY AND FEDERAL JUDGESHIP ACT OF 1984 AND THE BANKRUPTCY REFORM ACT OF Notes 498 UNITED STATES v. THE CHANDON 499 Notes 502

10 xii CONTENTS CHAPTER IX. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 505 CARR v. PMS FISHING CORP. 506 Notes 509 KRETA SHIPPING, S.A. v. PREUSSAG INTERNATIONAL STEEL CORP. 511 Notes 515 IN RE BETHLEHEM STEEL CORP. 516 Notes 519 CHAPTER X. MARINE INSURANCE 521 STANDARD OIL CO. v. UNITED STATES 523 Notes 527 CALMAR STEAMSHIP CORP. v. SCOTT 528 Notes 533 PLUNGING INTO AN ABYSS OF CONFUSION : THE INFAMOUS WILBURN BOAT CASE 535 CRADDOCK INTERNATIONAL INC. v. W.K.P. WILSON & SON, INC. 538 Notes 545 FERNANDEZ v. HAYNIE 546 SEABOARD SHIPPING CORP. v. JOCHARANNE TUGBOAT CORP. 549 Notes 552 SHAVER TRANSPORTATION CO. v. TRAVELERS INDEMNITY CO. 552 Notes 556 CHAPTER XI. SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY 559 A. Federal Governmental Immunity Government contracts Government torts 560 GUIDRY v. DURKIN 561 Notes 564 THE SARATOGA STORY 565 B. State Governmental Immunity 566 C. Foreign Governmental Immunity 569 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC v. AMERADA HESS SHIPPING CORP. 569 Notes 573 CHAPTER XII. FORUM SHOPPING 575 A. Forum Selection Clauses, Arbitration Clauses, And Choice-Of-Law Clauses In Maritime Contracts 577 THE BREMEN v. ZAPATA OFFSHORE CO. 577 Notes 580 CARNIVAL CRUISE LINES, INC. v. SHUTE 581 Notes 587 VIMAR SEGUROS Y REASEGUROS, S.A. v. M/V SKY REEFER 587 Notes 592 B. Forum Shopping In Transnational Personal Injury Litigation 593 LIAW SU TENG v. SKAARUP SHIPPING CORP. 593 Notes 597

11 CONTENTS xiii BHATNAGAR v. SURRENDRA OVERSEAS LTD. 598 Notes 602 JACKSON v. NORTH BANK TOWING CORP. 603 Notes 604 THE SAGA OF CHICK KAM CHOO 605 Index 609

12 Table of Cases Names of principal cases and the page nu m bers on wh i ch they are excerpted are in bo l d. 4,885 Bags of Linseed, 477 A.M. Collins & Co. v. Panama Railroad Co., Abuan v. Smedvig Tankships, 593 Achille Lauro, S.N.C., Klinghoffer v., 206 Acker v. City of Athens, 477 The Ada, 10, 31 Adams v. Bill Laurence, Inc., 260 Adams v. Montana Power Co., 57 Adidas (Canada) Ltd. v. SS Seatrain Bennington, 117 Adirondack League Club, Inc. v. Sierra Club, 57 Adler v. Dickson (The Himalaya), 370 The Admiral Peoples, 45 The Aello, 375 Aetna Insurance Co. v. United Fruit Co., 534 Agrico Chemical Co. v. M/V Ben W. Martin, 177, 407 Aguilar v. Standard Oil Co., 193, 198, 201, 203, 212 In re Air Crash Disaster Near Bombay, 602 Air Crash Disaster Near New Orleans, 597 In re Air Crash Off Long Island, New York, On July 17, 1996, Ajubita v. S/S Peik, 483 Akiyama Corp. of America v. M.V. Hanjin Marseilles, 360, 371 Aktepe v. United States, Alabama Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Co. v. Kininess, 263 Alaska Steamship Co. v. Petterson, , Albany Insurance Co. v. An Thi Kieu, 537 In re Alberto, 501 Alcoa Steamship Co. v. M/V Nordic Regent, 598 Alden v. Maine, The Alector, 201 All Alaskan Seafoods, Inc. v. M/V Sea Producer, 493 Allied Chemical Corp. v. Hess Tankship Co., 399 Allseas Maritime, S.A. v. M/V Mimosa, 454 Al-Zawkari v. American Steamship Co., 207 AmClyde, McDermott, Inc. v., , 132, 171, , 380, 388, 398 Ameejee Valleejee & Sons v. M/V Victoria U., 28 American Dredging Co. v. Miller, 42, 131, , , 307, , 607 American Stevedores v. Porello, 31 The Amistad, United States v., 466 Amoco Overseas Oil Co. v. Compagnie Nationale Algerienne De Navigation, 119 Amstar Corp. v. S/S Alexandros T., 121, In re Amtrack Sunset Limited Train Crash in Bayou Canot, 310 Andros Shipping Co. v. Panama Canal Co., 386 Antoine v. Zapata Haynie Corp., 51 Archawski v. Hanioti, 29, 47, 465 Argentine Republic v. Amerada Hess Shipping Corp., 569, 573 Asarco, Inc. v. Glenera, Ltd., 113 Associated Metals & Minerals Corp. v. The Alexander s Unity, 493 xv

13 xvi TABLE OF CASES Atlantic Mutual Insurance Co. v. Poseidon Schiffahrt, 363, 365 Atlantic Mutual Insurance Co., United States v., 399, 439 Atlantic Transport Co. v. Imbrovek, 45, 141 Attorney General v. Adelaide Steamship Co., 526 Attorney-General v. Ard Coasters, 524 Aurora Maritime Co. v. Abdullah Mohamed Fahem & Co., 118 The Australia, 93 Avera v. Florida Towing Corp., 508 Azzopardi v. Ocean Drilling & Exploration Co., 313 Bainbridge v. Merchants & Miners Transp. Co., 575 Baker v. Ocean Systems, Inc., 200 Baldassaro v. United States, 206, 561 Ballard Shipping Co. v. Beach Shellfish, 134, , , , 535, 607 Bally, Inc. v. M/V Zim America, 327, 332, 349 Banana Services, Inc. v. M/V Tasman Star, 344 Bank of Scotland v. Maria S.J. M/V, 493, 495 Barbe v. Drummond, 313 Barlow v. Pan Atlantic Steamship Corp., 201, 209 Barnard v. Adams, 427, 430 Barnes v. Andover Co., The Barnstable, 473 Barrett v. Chevron, U.S.A., 251 BASF Wyandotte Corp. v. Tug Leander, Jr., 410 Bay Casino v. M/V Royal Empress, 118 Beacon Theatres, Inc. v. Westover, 100 The Beatrice, 432 Beech Aircraft Corp. v. Rainey, 391 Belcher Oil Co. v. M/V Gardenia,, 485 The Belfast, 19 The Belgenland, 596 Bendix Autolite Corp. v. Midwesco Enterprises, Inc., 152 Berkshire Fashions, Inc. v. The M.V. Hakusan II, 32 Bernard v. Binnings Construction Co., 64-65, 67, 69 Bertram v. Freeport McMoran, Inc., 177 Bertrand v. International Mooring & Marine, 260 The S.S. Berwindglen, 201 In re Bethlehem Steel Corp., 516, 519 Bhatnagar v. Surrendra Overseas Ltd., 598, , 607 Bienvenu v. Texaco, Inc., 271 The Bill, Brazil Oitica, Ltd. v., 356 Bilyk v. The Vessel Nair, 598 Binladen BSB Landscaping v. M.V. Nedlloyd Rotterdam, Bisso v. Inland Waterways Corp., , 423, Black & White Taxicab & Transfer Co. v. Brown & Yellow Taxicab & Transfer Co., 144, 146 Black Diamond Steamship Corp. v. Robert Stewart & Sons, Ltd. (Norwalk Victory), The Blackwall, Blaine Richards & Co. v. Marine Indem. Insurance Co, 527 The Blandon, 473 Blatchford v. Native Village of Noatak, 567 Blome v. Aerospatiale Helicopter Corp., 283 The Blue Jacket, 390 Blueye Navigation, Inc. v. Oltenia Navigation, Inc., 115, Board of Trade v. Hain Steamship Co., 526 Bogart v. The John Jay, 10, 492 The Bold Bucchleugh (Harmer v. Bell), , 486 Bonner v. City of Prichard, 68 Booth v. Furlough, Inc., Boston Insurance Co. v. Dehydrating Process Co., 129 Bouchard Transp. Co. v. Updegraff, 568 Boudoin v. Lykes Brothers Steamship Co., 229 Bradford Marine v. M/V Sea Falcon, 484 Braen v. Pfeifer Oil Transportation Co., 211, 214 Braniff v. Jackson Ave.-Gretna Ferry, Inc., 243 Brazil Oitica, Ltd. v. The Bill, 356

14 TABLE OF CASES xvii The Bremen v. Zapata Offshore Co., 411, 577, , , 590 Brier v. Northstar Marine, Inc., 461 Brister v. A.W.I., Inc., 510 Brockington v. Certified Elec., Inc., 264 Brooker v. Durocher Dock & Dredge, 272 Brotherhood Shipping Co. v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Co., 130, 158, 162, 177, 182 Brown & Root, Inc. v. M/V Peisander, 358 Brown v. C.D. Mallory & Co,, 575 Buckley v. Bell, 182 Bulen v. Hall-Houston Oil Co., 282 Bunge Corp. v. M/V Furness Bridge, 392 Burchett v. Cargill, Inc., 67 Burnham v. Superior Court, 120 Burns Brothers v. Central R.R. of N.J., 474 Butler v. Boston & Steamship Co., 132 Bynum v. Premier Cruise Lines, 201 The Bywell Castle, 393 C.J. Hendry Co. v. Moore, 82, 499 The C.P. Minch, 447 Cabral v. Healy Tibbits Builders, 259 Cactus Pipe & Supply Co. v. M/V Montmartre, 373 Calavan Foods, Inc. v. National Shipping Corp. of the Philippines, 347 Calbeck v. Travelers Insurance Co., Calhoun v. Yamaha Motor Corp., U.S.A., 46, , 304, California v. Deep Sea Research, Inc., 459, 461, 568 Callahan v. Cheramie Boats, Inc., 282 Calmar Steamship Corp. v. Scott, 528, Calmar Steamship Corp. v. Taylor, The Camanche, 447 Caminiti v. Tomlinson Fleet & American Steamship Co., 466 Canarctic Shipping Co. v. Great Lakes Towing Co., 407 Caputo, Northeast Marine Terminal Co. v., 265, 271, 284, Caradelis v. Refinerie Panama, 129 Carbon Black Export, Inc. v. The Monrosa, Cardinal Shipping Corp. v. M/S Seisho Maru, 485 Cargill v. Commercial Union Insurance Co., 552 Carlisle Packing Co. v. Sandanger, Carman Tool & Abrasives, Inc. v. Evergreen Lines, Carnival Cruise Lines v. Shute, 581, 587, 589, Carr v. PMS Fishing Corp., 506, Carroll Towing Co., United States v., 159, 162 Carroll v. Protection Maritime Insurance Co., 34 Cash v. Tidewater Marine, Inc., 209 Catalina Cruises, Inc. v. Luna, 157 The Schooner Catharine v. Dickinson, 394, 396, 398 Cavcar Co. v. M/V Suzdal, 471 Cement Division v. Milwaukee, Central International Co. v. Kemper National Insurance Cos., 535 The Chandon, United States v., 499, Chandris, Inc. v. Latsis, 243, 245, , 260 Chapman v. Grosse Pointe Farms, 41 The Chattahoochee, 319, Chelentis v. Luckenbach Steamship Co., 142, , 191 Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad Co. v. Schwalb, 272 Chesapeake Bay Bridge & Tunnel Dist. v. Lauritzen, 420 Chevron Oil Co. v. Huson, 282 Chick Kam Choo v. Exxon Corp., 605, 607 In re Chimenti, 128 The China, , , 471 Chisholm v. Sabine Towing & Transportation Co., 236 Chisholm v. UHP Projects, Inc., 176 Choo v. Exxon Corp., 605, 607 Churchill v. F/V Fjord, 474 Cincinnati Gas & Electric Co. v. Abel, 506 The Citta di Messina, 365 The City of Alexandria, 230 The City of Carlisle, 183 City of Los Angeles v. Standard Transp. Co., 420 The City of Towas, 487 Clark v. Barnwell,

15 xviii TABLE OF CASES Colby v. Todd Packing Co., 456 College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board, Collie v. Ferguson, 495 Collins & Co., A.M., v. Panama Railroad Co, Colon v. Apex Marine Corp., 214 In re Coltellaro, 205 Columbus-America Discovery Group v. Atlantic Mutual Insurance Co., 455, 460 In re Complaint of G&G Shipping Co. Ltd. of Anguilla, 320 Concordia Co. v. Panek, 104 Consolidated Grain & Barge Co. v. Huffman Towing Co., 407 Consolidated Rail Corp. v. Gottshall, 209 Consumers Import Co. v. Kabushiki K.K. Zosenjo, Continental Cameras Co. v. Foa & Son Corp., 548 Continental Grain Co. v. Barge FBL-585, , 475 Continental Insurance Co. v. Lone Eagle Shipping Ltd., 527 Cook v. Belden Concrete Prods., Inc, 64-65, 68 Cooley v. Board of Wardens, 417 Cooper Stevedoring Co. v. Fritz Kopke, Inc., 105, 176 Cope v. Vallette Dry Dock Co., 59, 64, 455 Cortes v. Baltimore Insular Line, 209 Cory Brothers & Co. v. United States, 28 Costa Crociere v. Rose, 205 Courts v. Accu-Coat Services, 282 Couthino, Caro & Co. v. M/V Sava, 359 Cox v. Dravo Corp., 205 Craddock International Inc. v. W.K.P. Wilson & Son, Inc., 356, 535, 538 Crawford v. Falcon Drilling Co., 225 Crowell v. Benson, 132, 263 Crown Zellerbach Corp. v. Ingram Industries, Inc., 511 Crumady v. The J. H. Fisser, 239 CSR Limited v. Link, 114 In re CSX Transportation, Inc., 272 CTI-Container Leasing Corp. v. Oceanic Operations Corp., 31 Curtis v. Schlumberger Offshore Service, Inc., 289 Custom Fuel Services, Inc. v. Lombas Industries, Inc., 495 Dabney v. New England Mutual Marine Insurance Co., 432 In re Damodar Bulk Carriers, 344 The Daniel Ball, 36, 55-56, 58 Dao v. Knightsbridge International Reinsurance Corp., 548 Daughdrill v. Diamond M. Drilling Co., 200 David Wright Charter Service v. Wright, 51 Davis v. Department of Labor, Dawson & Co., W. C., Washington v., 132, De Centeno v. Gulf Fleet Crews, Inc., 216 Deep Sea Research, Inc., California v., 459, 461, 568 Deisler v. McCormack Aggregates Co., 207 Delange v. Dutra Construction Co., DeLovio v. Boit, 4-6, 9, 11, 19 Delta Country Ventures, Inc. v. Magana, 47 Demsey & Associates, Inc. v. Steamship Sea Star, 474 DET Bergenske Dampskibsselskab v. Sabre Shipping Corp., 117 Detroit Trust Co. v. The Thomas Barlum, 29, 132 DeVaux v. Salvador, 523 DiGiovanni v. Traylor Brothers, Inc., 67, 69 Dillingham Tug & Barge Corp. v. Collier Carbon & Chemical Corp., 408, 411 Director, O.W.C.P. v. Perini North River Associates, 271, 284, 288 Dluhos v. Floating & Abandoned Vessel, 106 Dooley v. Korean Air Lines Co., 310, 312 Dopyera, State Department of Highways v., 568 In re Double D Dredging Co., 255 Ducrepont v. Baton Rouge Marine Enterprises, 278 Dugas v. National Aircraft Corp., 313 Duluth Superior Excursions v. Makela, 35 Dunham v. Hotelera Canco S.A., 58

16 TABLE OF CASES xix Dunham, Insurance Co. v., 6, 9, 19-23, In re Dutile, 128 Dynamic Marine Consortium v. Latini M/V, 127 E.S. Binnings, Inc. v. M/V Saudi Riyadh, 28 Eagle Terminal Tankers, Inc. v. Insurance Co. of U.S.S.R. (Ingosstrakh), Ltd., 436 The Eagle, 17 Eagle-Picher Indus. v. United States, 53 Earle & Stoddart v. Ellerman s Wilson Line, 341, East Asiatic Co. v. Indomar, Ltd., 118 East River Steamship Corp. v. Transamerica Delaval, Inc., 24, 42, 46, 164, , 181, 306, 308 The Eastland, 467 Economy Light & Power Co. v. United States, 56 The Edith Godden, 186 Edmonds v. Compagnie Generale Transatlantique, , 277 The Elfrida, 462 Ellender v. Kiva Construction & Engineering, Inc, 65 Elwell v. Martin, 93, 183 Employers Insurance of Wausau v. Trotter Towing Corp., 543 Employers Liability Cases (Howard v. Illinois Central Railroad Co.), 187 In re Endeavor Marine, Inc., 259 England v. Reinauer Transp. Cos., 276 Epstein v. Corporation Peruana de Vapores, 484 Equilease Corp. v. M/V Sampson, , 495 Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, 5, 110, 139, 142, 146, 148, 197, 536 Esta Later Charters, Inc. v. Ignacio, 52 Evanow v. M/V Neptune, 446 Evans v. United Arab Shipping Co., 418 Evergreen Marine Corp. v. Six Consignments, 34 Executive Jet Aviation, Inc. v. Cleveland, 34, 37-41, 45-46, 48, 51 Exxon Co. v. Sofec, 177, 178, 182, 398, 408 Exxon Corp. v. Central Gulf Lines, Inc., 26, 31, 137, Exxon Corp. v. Chick Kam Choo, 605, 607 Falco Lime, Inc. v. Tide Towing Co., 411 Falconbridge Nickel Mines, Ltd. v. Chimo Shipping Ltd., 355 Farrell Lines Inc. v. Ceres Terminal Inc., 106 Farrell Lines, Inc. v. Jones, 510 Farrell v. United States, 201, , 208 The Federal No. 2, 35 Feres v. United States, 561, Ferguson v. Georgia, 92 Ferguson v. Moore-McCormack Lines, Inc., , 224 Fernandez v. Haynie, 31, 546 Ferrante v. Detroit Fire & Marine Insurance Co., 533 Ferrara & DeMercurio, Inc. v. St. Paul Mercury Insurance Co., 528, 556 Ferromet Resources, Inc. v. Chemoil Corp., 485 Feurtado v. Zapata Gulf Marine Corp., 278 Fields v. Pool Offshore, Inc., 259 Fireman s Fund Insurance Co. v. M/V DSR Atlantic, 592 Fireman s Fund Insurance Co. v. Wilburn Boat Co., 132, 150, 152, Fisher v. Nichols, 185 Fishman & Tobin, Inc. v. Tropical Shipping & Construction Co., 350 Fitzgerald v. United States Lines Co., 89, 100, , 193 Fleischmann v. Director, Flores v. Carnival Cruise Lines, 207 Florida Department of State v. Treasure Salvors, Inc., 461, 568 Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank, Flota Maritima Browning De Cuba, Sociadad Anonima v. Snobl, 32 Fluor Western, Inc. v. G & H Offshore Towing Co., 410 Flying Boat, Inc. v. Alberto, 153 The Flying Clipper, Jones v., FMC Corp. v. S.S. Marjorie Lykes, 356 Folse v. Western Atlas International, Inc., 260 Fontenot v. Dual Drilling Co., 282 Ford, P.C. Pfeiffer Co. v., 271, 287

17 xx TABLE OF CASES Foremost Insurance Co. v. Richardson, 28, 37-41, 43, 45-46, 48, 51, 96, 306, 310 Foss Launch & Tug Co. v. Char Ching Shipping U.S.A., Ltd., 482 Foster v. Peddicord, 49 Foulk v. Donjon Marine Co., 95, 106, 130, 259 The Framlington Court, , 417 Francosteel Corp. v. M/V Sherene, 332 Frank B. Hall & Co. v. Jefferson Insurance Co, 521 The Frank G. Fowler, 486 Fredelos v. Merritt-Chapman & Scott, 491 Frederick v. Kirby Tankships, Inc., 206 Frias v. Atlantic Richfield Co., 264 Friedman v. Cunard Line Ltd., 53 Fuentes v. Shevin, 122 Fuszek v. Royal King Fisheries, 222 Gaines Towing & Transportation, Inc. v. Atlantia Tanker Corp., 393 Garay v. Carnival Cruise Line, 201 Gardiner v. Sea-Land Service, Inc., 206 In re Garnett, 132 Garrett v. Moore-McCormack Co., 307 Garris, Norfolk Shipbuilding & Drydock Corp. v., 309 Gaudet, Sea-Land Services, Inc. v., 298, , 304 Gautreaux v. Scurlock Marine, Inc., 222, 225 Gavagan v. United States, 222 General Electric Co. v. S.S. Nancy Lykes, 360, General Motors Corp. v. Moore-McCormack Lines, 356 The General Smith, 480 The Genesee Chief v. Fitzhugh, 11, 13, 16-18, 132, 162 The Germanic (Oceanic Steam Navigation v. Aiken), 318, 338, 555 GF Co. v. Pan Ocean Shipping Co., 332 Ghotra v. Bandila Shipping, Inc., 102, 193 Gilbert, Gulf Oil Corp. v., , 607 Gillespie v. United States Steel Corp., , 300, 307 Gilligan v. Morgan, 566 Gillikin v. United States, 206 Gipson v. Kajima Engineering & Construction, Inc., Gizoni, Southwest Marine, Inc. v., 65, 67, 242, 250, 259, 264, 272 The Glendola, 162 The M/V Gloria, Pacific Employers Insurance Co. v., 326 Glyn v. Roy Al Boat Management Corp., 207 Goett v. Union Carbide Corp., 291 Gorris v. Scott, Gould v. Christianson, 93, 183 Governor & Company of Bank of Scotland v. Maria S.J. M/V, 493, 495 Great China Metal Industries Co. v. Malaysian International Shipping Corp. Berhad, 347 Green v. Vermilion Corp., 239, 264 Ex Parte Green, 506 Gremillion v. Gulf Coast Catering Co., 67 Griffin v. Ocean Contractors, Inc., 207 Grubart, Jerome B., Inc. v. Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Co., 35, 46, 52-53, 306 Guevara v. Maritime Overseas Corp, 207, 240 Guidry v. Durkin, 561, Guillory v. Port of Houston Authority, 568 Gulf Marine & Industrial Supplies, Inc. v. Golden Prince M/V, 483 Gulf Offshore Co. v. Mobil Oil Corp., 282 Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert, , 607 Gulf Trading & Transp. Co. v. Vessel Hoegh Shield, 79 Gutierrez v. Waterman Steamship Corp., 34, Guy v. Donald, 421 H.R.M., Inc. v. S/V Venture VII, 454 Hadjipateras v. Pacifica, S.A., 28 Hal Antillen N.V. v. Mount Ymitos MS, 380, 384 Halcyon Lines v. Haenn Ship Ceiling & Refitting Corp., Halter Marine Fabricators v. Nulty, 263 Hamburg-American Line v. United States, 456 Hans v. Louisiana, 567 Harbor Tug & Barge Co. v. Papai, 256, Harden v. Gordon, 183, 247

18 TABLE OF CASES xxi Harmer v. Bell (The Bold Bucchleugh), , 486 Harper v. Zapata Off-Shore Co., 206 The Harrisburg, , 301, , 309 Harrison v. Glendel Drilling Co., 53 Harwood v. Partredereit AF , 240, 271 Hassinger v. Tideland Electric Membership Corp., 58 Hayes-Leger Associates, Inc. v. M/V Oriental Knight, Hazard s Ad r v. New England Marine Insurance Co, 535 Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. v. Hall, , 113 Hellenic Lines Ltd. v. Rhoditis, 79, , 605 Henderson v. United States, 560 Hener v. United States, 460 Henley Drilling Co. v. McGee, 356, Herb s Welding, Inc. v. Gray, 283, Herd & Co., Robert C., v. Krawill Machinery Corp., 366, Hess v. United States, 291, 309, 569 The S.S. Hewitt, 508 Higginbotham, Mobil Oil Corp. v., 298, , 308, HIH Marine Services, Inc. v. Fraser, 537 Hilton v. South Carolina Public Railways Commission, 568 The Himalaya (Adler v. Dickson), 370 The Hine v. Trevor, 73, 75, 82, 480 Hinkins Steamship Agency, Inc. v. Freighters, Inc., 28 Hoeffling v. United States Steel, 207 Hollier v. Union Texas Petroleum Corp., 283 Holmes v. Daybrook Fisheries, 276 Homer Ramsdell Transp. Co. v. La Compagnie Generale Transatlantique,, Hooper v. Robinson, 521 Hopson v. Texaco, Inc., 215 Houma Well Service, Inc. v. Tug Capt. O Brien, 408 Houseman v. The North Carolina, 71 Howard v. Illinois Central Railroad Co. (Employers Liability Cases), 187 Howlett v. Birkdale Shipping Co., 272 Hufnagel v. Omega Service Industries, 259, 282 Hurlburt v. Northland F/V, 259 Hurst v. Boland Macine & Manufacturing Co., 264 Hurst v. Pilings & Structures, Inc., I & M Rail Link v. Northstar Navigation, 121 Ikospentakis v. Thalassic Steamship Agency, 139 Illinois Constructors Corp. v. Morency & Associates, Inc., 548 Incandela v. American Dredging Co., 206 Indussa Corp. v. S.S. Ranborg, Ingersoll Milling Mach. Co. v. M/V Bodena, 31 Institute for Ship board Education v. Cigna Worldwide Insurance Co., 552 Insurance Co. of North America v. Blue Star (North America), Ltd., 364 Insurance Co. of North America v. John J. Bordlee Contractors, 546 Insurance Co. of North America v. M/V Imperial, 332 Insurance Co. of North America v. M/V Xiang He, 356 Insurance Co. of North America v. S/S Cape Charles, 101, 104 Insurance Co. v. Brame, 291 Insurance Co. v. Dunham, 6, 9, 19-23, Insurance Corp. of Ireland, Ltd. v. Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinee, 108 International Aircraft Recovery, L.L.C. v. Unidentified, Wrecked & Abandoned Aircraft, 71, 456, 461 International Marine Consultants v. Karavias, 118 International Milling Co. v. Brown Steamship Co., 129 International Paint Co., Inc. v. M/V Mission Viking, 491 International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 108, 113, 116, 119 Intertanko (United States v. Locke),

19 xxii TABLE OF CASES The Iroquois, 207 The Irrawaddy, , Isbrandtsen Marine Services v. M/V Inagua Tania, 185 J. Lauritzen A/S v. Dashwood Shipping, Ltd., 34 Jacintoport Corp. v. Greater Baton Rouge Port Commission, 568 Jackson v. North Bank Towing Corp., 603, 605 Jackson v. The Steamboat Magnolia, 12 Jamison v. Encarnacion, 209 The Jason, , 436, 439 The Jay Gould, 93 Jay v. Almy, 183 The Steamship Jefferson, 22 Jensen, Southern Pacific Co. v., 136, 140, 142, 149, , 236, , , 310 Jerome B. Grubart, Inc. v. Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Co., 35, 46, 52-53, 306 Jimenez v. Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navig. Co, 51 The Johanna Oldendorff, 375 The John G.Stevens, 485, , 501 The John Jay, Bogart v., 10, 492 The John Perkins, 432 Johnie v. Nana Development Corp., 256 Johnson v. Continental Grain Co., 240 Johnson v. Offshore Express, Inc., 236 Jonathan Corp. v. Brickhouse, 272 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. v. Pfeifer, 276, 278, 473 Jones v. Sea Tow Services Freeport NY Inc., Jones v. Spentonbush-Red Star Co., 222 Jones v. The Flying Clipper, The Josephone & Mary, 205 The Jumna, 379 Jupiter Wreck, Inc. v. Unidentified, Wrecked & Abandoned Sailing Vessel, 71 Just v. Chambers, 136, 150, 306 Justice v. CSX Transportation, 182 Kaiser Aetna v. United States, 56 The Kalorama, 29 Kamani v. Port of Houston Authority, 569 Karim v. Finch Shipping Co., Ltd., 603 Karpovs v. Mississippi, 35 Kelly v. Smith, 42, Kelly v. United States, 33 The Kensington, 319 The Keokuk, 477 Kermarec v. Compagnie Generale Transatlantique, 155, 157, 162, 166, Kernan v. American Dredging Co., 216, 222, 236, 294 In re Keys Jet Ski, Inc., 505 Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents, 566 Kimta A/S v. Royal Insurance Co, 527 Kininess, Alabama Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Co. v., 263 In re Kinsman Transit Co., 35 Klinghoffer v. S.N.C. Achille Lauro, 206 Kloeckner Reederei Und Kohlenhandel, G.M.B.H. v. A/S Hakedal (The Western Farmer), 519 Knapp, Stout & Co. v. McCaffrey, 83 Knickerbocker Ice Co. v. Stewart, 132, 236, Knight v. Alaska Trawl Fisheries, 177 Knott v. Botany Worsted Mills, 319, 326, Koistinen v. American Export Lines, 201 Komatsu Ltd. v. States Steamship Co., 357 Konica Business Machines v. Vessel Sea- Land Consumer, 364 In re Korean Air Lines Disaster of Sept.1, 1983, 311 Kossick v. United Fruit Co., 24, 30, 139, 149, 152, 307 Kotch v. Board of River Port Pilot Commissioners, 414 Kraljic v. Berman Enterprises, Inc., 207 Krauss Bros. Lumber Co. v. Dimon Steamship Corp. (The Pacific Cedar), 478, 490 Kreta Shipping, S.A. v. Preussag International Steel Corp., 511, Kroemer v. Guglielmo, 505 Kuehne & Nagel (Ag & Co.) v. Geosource, Inc., 32, 34 Kuhn v. Fairmont Coal Co., 146 La Esperanza de P.R., Inc. v. Perez & Cia. De P.R., Inc., 411 Lake Tankers Corp. v. Henn,

20 TABLE OF CASES xxiii Lamborn v. Philips Pacific Chemical Co., 177 Lambros Seaplane Base v. The Batory, 456 Lanasa Fruit Steamship & Importing Co. v. Universal Insurance Co., 527 Langnes v. Green, 506 Latman v. Costa Cruise Lines, 153 Latsis, Chandris, Inc. v., 243, 245, , 260 Lauritzen v. Larsen, 79, , 605 Lawrence v. Minturn, 435 LeBlanc v. Cleveland, 54, 58 Lekas & Drivas, Inc. v. Goulandris, 333, 337, 341 Lenane v. Continental Maritime, 264 Leon v. Galceran, 76 Leonard v. Exxon Corp., 64 Lewis & Clark Marine, Inc. v. Lewis, 516 Lewis v. S.S. Baume, 107 Liaw Su Teng v. Skaarup Shipping Corp., 576, 593, 597 Linard, Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co. v., 528, 556 Lindgren v. United States, 217, 221, 295, Linton v. Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Co., 139 Litherland v. Petrolane Offshore Construction Services, 185 Little v. Amoco Production Co., 260 Lochner v. New York, 152 Locke, United States v. (Intertanko), Lockhart v. Fretwell, 139 Loeber v. Bay Tankers, Inc., 561 Lone Star Industries, Inc. v. Mays Towing Co., 392, 403, Lortie v. American-Hawaiian Steamship Co., 201 In re Louisiana Ship Managament, Inc., 498 Louisiana v. M/V Testbank, 170 In re Louisville Underwriters, Lucky-Goldstar Int l (America), Inc. v. Phibro Energy Int l, 31 Lundborg v. Keystone Shipping Co., 206 Lynch v. McFarland, 58 Lynd v. Reliance Standard Life Insurance Co., 543 Lynnhaven v. Dolphin Corp. v. E.L.O. Enterprises, 23 MacDougall s Cape Cod Marine Service v. One Christina 40 Vessel, 127 Macedo v. F/V Paul & Michelle, 206 MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co., 166 Madruga v. Superior Court, 9, 72, 80, 82, 106 The Steamboat Magnolia, Jackson v., 12 Mahnich v. Southern Steamship Co., 231, , 236, Mahramas v. American Export Isbrandtsen Lines, 236 The Major William H. Tantum, 430 Malm v. United States Lines Co., 205 M/V Manhattan Prince, Puerto Rico Ports Authority v., 387, , 568 Manro v. Almeida, 10, 92 Manuel v. P.A.W. Drilling & Well Service, Inc., 62, 67, 69, 259 Manuel v. United States, 207 Mapco Petroleum, Inc. v. Memphis Barge Line, 506 Marceau v. Great Lakes Transit Corp., Margate Shipping Co. v. M/V JA Orgeron, 4, 448, The Margharita, 183 Marine Transit Corp. v. Dreyfus, 475 Marinechance Shipping, Ltd. v. Sebastian, 593 Maritrans Operating Partners v. M/V Balsa 37, 118 Markakis v. S/S Volendam, 443, 447, 467 The Martello, 384 Martin v. Herzog, 384 The Mary, 78, 80, 83 Maryland Department of Natural Resources v. Kellum, 152 Mascuilli v. United States, 239 Master Shipping Agency v. M.S. Farida, 441 McAllister v. United States, 129 McDermott International, Inc. v. Wilander, 59, , , , , 253, 260, 419 McDermott, Inc. v. AmClyde, , 132, 171, , 380, 388, 398