The Template Object Model (TOM)

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1 Release 1 (in development) The openehr Archetype Model The Template Object Model (TOM) Editors: {T Beale, S Heard} a Revision: 0.5 Pages: 19 Date of issue: 13 Mar 2007 a. Ocean Informatics Keywords: EHR, ADL, health records, archetypes, templates EHR EHR Extract Demographic Integration Template OM Composition openehr Archetype Profile Security Common Archetype OM ADL Data Structures Data Types Support The openehr Foundation is an independent, non-profit community, facilitating the sharing of health records by consumers and clinicians via open-source, standards-based implementations. Founding Chairman Founding Members David Ingram, Professor of Health Informatics, CHIME, University College London Dr P Schloeffel, Dr S Heard, Dr D Kalra, D Lloyd, T Beale

2 The Template Object Model (TOM) Copyright Notice Copyright openehr Foundation All Rights Reserved 1. This document is protected by copyright and/or database right throughout the world and is owned by the openehr Foundation. 2. You may read and print the document for private, non-commercial use. 3. You may use this document (in whole or in part) for the purposes of making presentations and education, so long as such purposes are non-commercial and are designed to comment on, further the goals of, or inform third parties about, openehr. 4. You must not alter, modify, add to or delete anything from the document you use (except as is permitted in paragraphs 2 and 3 above). 5. You shall, in any use of this document, include an acknowledgement in the form: " Copyright openehr Foundation All rights reserved This document is being provided as a service to the academic community and on a non-commercial basis. Accordingly, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, the openehr Foundation accepts no liability and offers no warranties in relation to the materials and documentation and their content. 7. If you wish to commercialise, license, sell, distribute, use or otherwise copy the materials and documents on this site other than as provided for in paragraphs 1 to 6 above, you must comply with the terms and conditions of the openehr Free Commercial Use Licence, or enter into a separate written agreement with openehr Foundation covering such activities. The terms and conditions of the openehr Free Commercial Use Licence can be found at Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007 Page 2 of 19 Editors:{T Beale, S Heard}

3 The Template Object Model (TOM) Amendment Record Issue Details Raiser Completed R E L E A S E Minor content modifications. T Beale 13 Mar 2007 R E L E A S E rc1 CR Add Template Object Model to AM. Initial Writing R E L E A S E 0.96 T Beale 10 Nov 2005 Editors:{T Beale, S Heard} Page 3 of 19 Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007

4 The Template Object Model (TOM) Trademarks Microsoft is a trademark of the Microsoft Corporation Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007 Page 4 of 19 Editors:{T Beale, S Heard}

5 The Template Object Model (TOM) Editors:{T Beale, S Heard} Page 5 of 19 Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007

6 The Template Object Model (TOM) Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007 Page 6 of 19 Editors:{T Beale, S Heard}

7 The Template Object Model (TOM) Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose This document describes an object model for openehr templates, based only upon the generally accepted semantics of object models (typified by the OMG UML meta-model). The model presented here can be used as a basis for building software that processes archetypes and templates, independent of their persistent representation. As a specification, it can be treated as an API for templates. It is recommended that the openehr ADL and AOM documents be read in conjunction with this document, since they contain a detailed explanation of the semantics of archetypes. 1.2 Related Documents Prerequisite documents for reading this document include: The openehr Architecture Overview Related documents include: The openehr Archetype Definition Language (ADL) The openehr Archetype Object Model (AOM) 1.3 Nomenclature In this document, the term attribute denotes any stored property of a type defined in an object model, including primitive attributes and any kind of relationship such as an association or aggregation. XML attributes are always referred to explicitly as XML attributes. 1.4 Status This document is under development, and is published as a proposal for input to standards processes and implementation works. The latest version of this document can be found in PDF format at New versions are announced on openehr-announce@openehr.org. Blue text indicates sections under active development. THIS DOCUMENT IS UNDER ACTIVE DEVELOPMENT AND IS NOT YET SUBJECT TO ARB CONTROL. 1.5 Background What is a Template? The openehr template concept is related to openehr archetypes. Where archetypes define widely re-usable components of information, templates are locally defined and encapsulate local usage of archetypes, and relevant preferences. In informal terms, templates include the following semantics: archetype chaining : choice of archetypes to make up a larger structure, specified via indicating identifiers of archetypes to fill slots in higher-level archetypes; Editors:{T Beale, S Heard} Page 7 of 19 Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007

8 Introduction The Template Object Model (TOM) local optionality: narrowing of some or all 0..1 constraints to either 1..1 (mandatory) or 0..0 (removal) according to local needs; tightened constraints: tightening of other constraints, including cardinality, value ranges, terminology value sets and so on; default values: choice of default values for use in templated structure at runtime. At runtime, templates are used with archetypes to create data and to control its modification. Template design is usually strongly linked to the design of corresponding screen forms. 1.6 Tools Various tools exist for creating and processing templates. The openehr tools are available in source and binary form from the website ( Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007 Page 8 of 19 Editors:{T Beale, S Heard}

9 The Template Object Model (TOM) The Template Object Model 2 The Template Object Model 2.1 Design Background An underpinning principle of openehr is the use of archetypes and templates, which are formal models of domain concepts controlling data structure and content of data. The elements of this architecture are twofold. The openehr Reference Model (RM), defining the structure and semantics of information. The openehr Archetype Model (AM), defining the structure and semantics of archetypes and templates. The AM consists of the archetype language definition language (ADL), the Archetype Object Model (AOM), the openehr Archetype profile (OAP), and the Template Object Model (TOM). This document describes the Template Object Model, which is used with the Archetype Object Model as a basis for archetype-processing software. 2.2 Package Structure The openehr template package is illustrated in FIGURE 1. am archetype openehr_profile template template_spec operational_template FIGURE 1 openehr.am.template Package in context Two forms of templates are used in openehr. The form created by template design tools is known as the specification form, since it specifies the contents of a template using references to archetypes and other additions. The specification form is defined in the am.template.template_spec package. The second form is the operational form, created by processing a template specification so as to partially pre-populate terminology value sets, expand out references to other templates and archetypes, and create runtime structures that representing other aspects of the specification. The operational form is specified in the operational_template package. Editors:{T Beale, S Heard} Page 9 of 19 Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007

10 The Template Object Model The Template Object Model (TOM) Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007 Page 10 of 19 Editors:{T Beale, S Heard}

11 The Template Object Model (TOM) The Template_spec Package 3 The Template_spec Package 3.1 Overview To Be Continued: Editors:{T Beale, S Heard} Page 11 of 19 Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007

12 AUTHORED_RESOURCE template_spec TEMPLATE_SLOT_FILLER fillers * TEMPLATE_SLOT_SPEC path: String TEMPLATE_SPEC template_id: TEMPLATE_ID definition 1 slot_specs * TEMPLATE_ARCHETYPE_SPEC archetype: ARCHETYPE archetype_id: ARCHETYPE_ID 1 slot_owner path_specs 1 owner * TEMPLATE_NODE_SPEC path: String source: ARCHETYPE_CONSTRAINT target: ARCHETYPE_CONSTRAINT constraints * TEMPLATE_NODE_ CONSTRAINT_SPEC TEMPLATE_ATTRIBUTE_SPEC source: C_ATTRIBUTE target: C_ATTRIBUTE constraints * TEMPLATE_ATTRIBUTE _NODE_CONSTRAINT_ SPEC TEMPLATE_OBJECT_SPEC source: C_OBJECT target: C_OBJECT constraints * TEMPLATE_OBJECT_ NODE_CONSTRAINT_ SPEC TEMPLATE_CARDINALITY _SPEC TEMPLATE_EXISTENCE_ SPEC TEMPLATE_OCCURRENCES _SPEC TEMPLATE_DEFAULT _VALUE_SPEC TEMPLATE_CONSTRAINT _SPEC cardinality: CARDINALITY existence: Interval<INTEGER occurrences: Interval<INTEGER default_value: ANY constraint: C_OBJECT FIGURE 2 The openehr.am.template.template_spec Package

13 The Template Object Model (TOM) The Template_spec Package Example (TEMPLATE_SPEC) < definition = < archetype_id = <openehr-ehr-composition.report.v1 slot_specs = < [ /content ] = < path = </content fillers = < [ findings ] = < archetype_id = <openehr-ehr-section.findings.v1 slot_specs = < [ items ] = < path = <items fillers = < [ histology ] = < cardinality = <min = <1 max = <1 archetype_id = <openehr-ehr- OBSERVATION.histology.v1 [ summary ] = < archetype_id = <openehr-ehr-section.summary.v1 slot_specs = < [ items ] = < path = <items fillers = < [ clinical_synopsis ] = < archetype_id = <openehr-ehr- EVALUATION.clinical_synopsis.v1 [ problem-diagnosis-histological ] = < archetype_id = <openehr-ehr- EVALUATION.problem-diagnosishistological.v1 path_specs = < path = </data[at0001]/items[at0031] [1] = < cardinality = <max = <0 3.2 Class Definitions Editors:{T Beale, S Heard} Page 13 of 19 Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007

14 The Template_spec Package The Template Object Model (TOM) TEMPLATE_SPEC Class CLASS TEMPLATE_SPEC Purpose Use Abstract Signature Meaning template_id: ARCHETYPE_ID Invariant xxx Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007 Page 14 of 19 Editors:{T Beale, S Heard}

15 The Template Object Model (TOM) The Operational_template Package 4 The Operational_template Package 4.1 Overview To Be Continued: operational_template TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_VALUE TEMPLATE template_id: TEMPLATE_ID default_values * path: OG_PATH value: ANY 1 root C_COMPLEX_OBJECT FIGURE 3 The openehr.am.template.operational_template Package 4.2 Class Definitions TEMPLATE Class CLASS TEMPLATE Purpose Use Abstract Signature Meaning template_id: TEMPLATE_ID Invariant xxx Editors:{T Beale, S Heard} Page 15 of 19 Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007

16 The Operational_template Package The Template Object Model (TOM) Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007 Page 16 of 19 Editors:{T Beale, S Heard}

17 The Template Object Model (TOM) A References Publications 1 Beale T. Archetypes: Constraint-based Domain Models for Future-proof Information Systems. OOPSLA 2002 workshop on behavioural semantics. Available at 2 Beale T. Archetypes: Constraint-based Domain Models for Future-proof Information Systems Available at 3 Beale T, Heard S. The Archetype Definition Language (ADL). See 4 Heard S, Beale T. Archetype Definitions and Principles. See 5 Heard S, Beale T. The openehr Archetype System. See Resources 6 openehr. EHR Reference Model. See Editors:{T Beale, S Heard} Page 17 of 19 Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007

18 The Template Object Model (TOM) Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007 Page 18 of 19 Editors:{T Beale, S Heard}

19 The Template Object Model (TOM) END OF DOCUMENT Editors:{T Beale, S Heard} Page 19 of 19 Date of Issue: 13 Mar 2007

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