Extracted from Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance 2008.

Transcription

1 Extracted from Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance International IDEA, Strömsborg, Stockholm, Sweden Phone , Fax: Web:

2 annex D About the authors Main authors Virginia Beramendi is the head of mission for International IDEA s Andean Region Programme in Bolivia. She has been the manager of the Direct Democracy project since its inception and is also the project manager of the Building Resources in Democracy, Governance and Elections (BRIDGE) Project for Latin America. Before moving to Bolivia, she was the manager of the Administration and Cost of Elections (ACE) Comparative Data Project, in which position she established a global network of partner organizations and conducted training on election management and research. She was also the Media and Elections topic supervisor for the electronic ACE Encyclopedia and worked as a researcher for International IDEA handbooks such as Funding of Political Parties and Election Campaigns (2003) and Mujeres en el Parlamento: Más allá de los números [Women in parliament: beyond numbers] (2002). She holds an MPhil in development studies from Cambridge University, UK, and a BA (Hons) degree in communication studies and sociology from Anglia Ruskin University, UK. Andrew Ellis is currently the director of operations for International IDEA in Stockholm, having previously been head of the Electoral Processes Programme. From 1999 to 2003 he acted as senior adviser for the National Democratic Institute (NDI) in Indonesia, working on constitutional reform, electoral process and decentralization issues. He is the co-author of International IDEA s Electoral System Design: The New International IDEA Handbook (2005) and Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (2006), and has written numerous papers on issues of institutional framework design. Other major assignments include acting as chief technical adviser to the Palestinian Election Commission in 1996, and designing and planning the European Commission s electoral assistance programme in Cambodia for the 1998 elections. Andrew is a former vice-chair and secretary general of the UK Liberal Party and chief executive of the UK Liberal Democrats. 221

3 direct democracy handbook Bruno Kaufmann has worked with democracy, conflict and development issues since the mid-1980s. After a term with the Berne Declaration, a Swiss development nongovernmental organization, he became the coordinator of a European citizens network preparing a transnational constitution with direct-democratic rights. Ten years later he became the first director of the Initiative and Referendum Institute Europe, a nonpartisan research and educational institute with its headquarters at Marburg University, Germany. As a journalist he has worked at the Swiss Broadcasting Company, the daily Tagesanzeiger newspaper and the weekly Die Weltwoche before joining the special editorial team for international reform issues at Die Zeit in Hamburg in Since 2001 he has covered European and international affairs for the Swiss Broadcasting Company and has been a columnist on publications such as Nordis, OpenDemocracy, Gazette and European Voice. Bruno has served as an expert for numerous national governments and international organizations including the European Union, the German parliament, the Council of Europe and International IDEA, where he joined the expert team on global direct democracy assessment in He has an MA in social sciences from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Miriam Kornblith, a Venezuelan sociologist and political scientist, is a professor and researcher at the Institute of Political Studies at the Central University of Venezuela in Caracas. She has published extensively on electoral processes, political and institutional reform and the contemporary political system of Venezuela. She is currently the director of the Latin American and Caribbean programme at the National Endowment for Democracy in Washington, DC. From 1998 to 1999 she was the vice-president and member of the National Electoral Council of Venezuela, and from August 2003 to January 2005 a substitute member of the council. She is the author of The Referendum in Venezuela: Elections versus Democracy, Journal of Democracy, 16 (January 2005), pp Lawrence LeDuc is professor of political science at the University of Toronto, Canada. His books include The Politics of Direct Democracy: Referendums in Global Perspective (Broadview Press, c. 2003); Comparing Democracies 2 (with Richard G. Niemi and Pippa Norris, Sage, 2002); and Absent Mandate: Canadian Electoral Politics in an Era of Restructuring (with Harold D. Clarke, Jane Jenson and Jon H. Pammett, Gage Educational, 3rd edn 1996). Other recent publications include chapters in Alain-G. Gagnon and Brian Tanguay (eds), Canadian Parties in Transition (Broadview Press, c. 2007); Henry Milner (ed.), Making Every Vote Count: Reassessing Canada s Electoral System (Broadview Press, c. 1999); and David Farrell and Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck (eds), Do Political Campaigns Matter? (Routledge, 2002). He is a member of the editorial boards of Electoral Studies, the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties and the European Journal of Political Research. Paddy McGuire is the senior vice-president of Public Policy for Strategies 360, a public affairs and lobbying company. He was previously Oregon deputy secretary of state, overseeing the Oregon Elections Division, worked in the administration of President 222

4 INTERNATIONAL IDEA Bill Clinton and ran the Clinton campaign in Oregon in both 1992 and Prior to that he served as executive director of the Democratic Party of Oregon. He is a graduate of Hamilton College, New York, USA, and has a certificate from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, USA. Theo Schiller is currently a professor at the Institute of Political Science, Philipps University in Marburg, Germany (emeritus since 2007), director of the Centre for Citizens Participation and Direct Democracy, and chair of the Council of the Initiative and Referendum Institute Europe. Between 1997 and 2001 he was vice-president of Philipps University. His publications include Direkte Demokratie: Eine Einführung [Direct democracy: an introduction] (Campus-Verlag, 2002); Direkte Demokratie: Forschungen und Perspektiven [Direct democracy: research and perspectives] (co-edited with V. Mittendorf, Westdeutscher Verlag, 2002); and Direct Democracy in Europe: Developments and Prospects (co-edited with Z. T. Pallinger, Bruno Kaufmann and Wilfried Marxer, VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007). Forthcoming in 2008 are (co-edited with Maija Setälä): Referendums and Direct Democracy (Routledge) and Direct Democracy in Local Politics in Europe (VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften). Palle Svensson is a professor in political science at the University of Aarhus, Denmark. He has written on democratic theory, political participation and Scandinavian politics, most recently on referendums in Denmark and turnout in Danish elections. He has also acted as an adviser to the Danish government on democratization and elections and as an electoral observer in various African countries. His recent publications include Voting Behaviour in the European Constitution Process, in Z. T. Pallinger et al. (eds), Direct Democracy in Europe (VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007); Folkets røst: Demokrati og folkeafstemninger i Danmark og andre europæiske lande [The voice of the people: democracy and popular consultations in Denmark and other European countries] (Aarhus Universitetsforlag/Magtudredningen, 2003); and Five Danish Referendums on the European Community and European Union: A Critical Assessment of the Franklin Thesis, European Journal of Political Research, 41/6 (2002). Contributors Jennifer Somalie Angeyo has worked as a legal officer with the Electoral Commission of Uganda since 1998 and as a senior legal officer specializes in legal advisory work, and drafting legal documents, contracts, guidelines, Gazette notices and proposals for legislation. She holds an LLB degree from Makerere University, Uganda, and a postgraduate diploma in legal practice from the Law Development Centre, Kampala, Uganda. She also holds a master s degree in computer science, and has experience in conducting needs assessment studies for information and communications technology (ICT) in tertiary institutions and the drafting of ICT policies with an emphasis on ethical and legal issues. Jennifer has participated as a technical assignee in observer 223

5 direct democracy handbook missions to the electoral commissions of Rwanda and Kenya, and is currently part of a pan-african research network of researchers and institutions (LOG-IN Africa) assessing the current state and outcomes of e-local governance initiatives in Africa. Nadja Braun is the head of the Legal Department at the Swiss Federal Chancellery (the EMB). Previously she was a legal adviser to and project manager of the Swiss e-voting project in the Section of Political Rights at the Federal Chancellery. She studied at the universities of Berne and Helsinki, completing her doctorate on ballot secrecy in Her interests and work revolve around constitutional law, good governance, direct democracy, e-voting, electoral systems, administrative law and human rights. Her professional affiliations include the Council of Europe, International IDEA and the Initiative and Referendum Institute Europe. She was a contributor to International IDEA s Voting from Abroad: Handbook on External Voting (2007) and her recent publications include the Guidebook to Direct Democracy in Switzerland and Beyond (with Bruno Kaufmann and Rolf Büchi, Marburg, 2007); Stimmgeheimnis [Voting secrecy] (Reihe: Abhandlungen zum schweizerischen Recht, 708) (Bern, 2005); E-voting: Swiss E-Voting Pilot Projects: Evaluation Analysis and How to Proceed, in Robert Krimmer (ed.), Electronic Voting 2006 (with Daniel Brändli, Bonn, 2006), pp ; and E-Voting: Switzerland s Projects and their Legal Framework in a European Context, in Alexander Prosser and Robert Krimmer (eds), Electronic Voting in Europe: Technology, Law, Politics and Society (Bonn, 2004), pp Mugyenyi Silver Byanyima is currently working with the Electoral Commission of Uganda as a senior election officer in charge of the Mid-Western Region, comprising nine districts, and is the secretary of the Contracts Committee of the Electoral Commission and a member of the Quality Control Committee. He has worked as returning officer for the Lira and Buliisa districts, and participates in preparing election budgets and programmes. Rodolfo Gonzáles Rissotto has been minister of the Electoral Court of Uruguay since Along with other ministers, he has served as editor of the new Electoral Law of Uruguay. He has also been executive director of the Information and Research Center of Uruguay (CIIDU), director of the Department of Electoral Research of the Democracy Center of Uruguay (CELADU), and head of the Ministry of Education and Culture. In addition, he was a leader of the Adults National Commission and the National Commission of Fellowship. Dr Gonzalez has also served as drafts coordinator of Uruguay with the Ministry of Education and the Organization of American States (OAS), presided over the Uruguayan delegation at the Education Committee of the Southern Common Market (Mercado Común del Sur, MERCOSUR), and is a former vice-minister and minister of defence. A historian and former visiting professor at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC/SP), Brazil, he has published in many Latin American publications. He is also a consultant for several international organizations such as International IDEA, UNESCO, PARLATINO, and the Inter- American Institute for Human Rights (Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, 224

6 INTERNATIONAL IDEA IIDH) Center for Electoral Promotion and Assistance (Centro de Asesoría y Promoción Electoral, CAPEL). Algis Krupavicius has been a professor of politics at the Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania since 2001 and since 1999 has been director of the university s Policy and Public Administration Institute. Since 2006 he has been a member of the Lithuanian Commission of Science Awards, and he is currently a member of the European Science Foundation. His many publications include The End of Communism and the New Party System, in Jean Blondel et al., Governing New European Democracies (Palgrave Macmillan, 2007); two chapters on Lithuania and the Baltic states in A. Kulik and S. Pshizova (eds), Political Parties in Post-Soviet Space: Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and the Baltics (Praeger, 2005); and Lithuania, in Bruno Kaufmann and M. Dane Waters (eds), Direct Democracy in Europe: A Comprehensive Reference Guide to the Initiative and Referendum Process in Europe (Carolina Academic Press, 2004). Humberto de la Calle Lombana is a lawyer with extensive experience in constitutional and administrative law. As minister of the interior, he acted on behalf of the Colombian government in the sessions of the Constitutional Assembly of He has been the director of the Colombian EMB, the National Electoral Council, worked as a consultant in electoral matters, been a university professor and has written various books and essays. He chaired the Permanent Council of the OAS when the Inter-American Democratic Charter was being discussed, and was elected vice-president of Colombia in Krisztina Medve is a member of the National Election Office of Hungary, specializing in electoral law and constitutional law. She has worked in the field of elections for seven years and has taken part in several domestic and international projects, while participating in the conduct of parliamentary and local governmental elections and national referendums. She graduated recently as a lawyer specializing in European law, focusing primarily on European parliamentary elections. Alfred Lock Okello Oryem holds an LLB (Hons) degree from Makerere University, Uganda, and a postgraduate diploma in legal practice from the Law Development Centre, Kampala, Uganda. He currently divides his time between many projects, including his work for the head of the Legal and Public Relations Department of the Electoral Commission of Uganda, his position as chief legal and public relations adviser to the Electoral Commission, and his membership of the Association of African Election Authorities. He is a member of the Association of African Election Authorities and was one of the African Union election monitoring/observers team in Harare, Zimbabwe, for the Upper House/Senate elections there. Daniel Zovatto is International IDEA s regional representative for Latin America. From 1986 to 1996 he was the executive director of the IIDH s CAPEL specialist centre, based in San José, Costa Rica. In he also held the position of deputy executive director of the same institution. He graduated from the School of Law and 225

7 direct democracy handbook Social Sciences, National University of Cordoba, Argentina. He holds postgraduate degrees in international studies, from the Diplomatic School of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Spain; in human rights, from the School of Law, Institute of Human Rights, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; and in public administration, from the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, USA. He also holds a PhD in international law from the School of Law, Complutense University. He has been a visiting professor at several universities in Latin America, Europe and North America, and is an international speaker and frequent contributor of articles to many Latin American newspapers and political science journals. 226