UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: 40 Years of Progress. Retrospective Analysis of Key Indicators

Transcription

1 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: 4 Years of Progress Retrospective Analysis of Key Indicators

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3 History is a continuous chain of events. The present is only an extension of the past. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan

4 Introduction Introduction As the United Arab Emirates celebrates its 4th anniversary, it is timely to reflect upon how the country has developed and what it has achieved. Thanks to the country s visionary leadership, what the nation has accomplished in the last four decades is truly extraordinary. This analysis, United Arab Emirates: 4 Years of Progress hopes to contribute to a greater appreciation of the nation s achievements by depicting its historical progression based on statistical information. The study draws upon recently released datasets from the UAE s National Bureau of Statistics and from international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank. To provide a multi-faceted reflection of the country s profound transformation, charts are used to illustrate selected accomplishments in key dimensions such as health and education, economy and infrastructure, travel and tourism, environment and foreign aid. For each dimension, historical milestones are presented to offer a greater sense of the social and economic progress achieved. Moreover, the country s development experience is occasionally juxtaposed with other economies to provide further contextual backdrop. At best, the charts offer but a glimpse of the depth of the United Arab Emirates development experiences, hinting of the numerous challenges and obstacles that have been overcome. A fuller picture can be obtained through the rich trove of historical archives, spoken recollections and cultural artifacts. But in sketching the country s successful transformation using charts based on statistical data, this study seeks to contribute in its unique way to a deeper appreciation of the past, and a greater expectation of the potential that the country s future holds. 3

5 Highlights Overview Highlights Overview The Human Development Index, which embodies the view that People are the real wealth of a nation shows the progress the UAE has made in health, education and income over the last four decades. From a rank of 62nd in 1971, the UAE is now 3th among 187 countries in the Human Development Index, with a score that has surpassed that of Europe as a whole. Health Since 197, average life expectancy in the UAE has surged to now exceed 76 years. The country s various mortality indicators have all improved significantly, especially the infant mortality rate, which is now even better than that of the United States. Overview of Progress in Human Development Over the last 4 years, the UAE has made tremendous gains, enabling the country s score in the Human Development Index to surpass that of Europe Human Development Index Scores: UAE and Europe, Education Four decades ago, only 48% of UAE adults were literate; today, over 93% are literate, with nearly equal rates for men and women. Educational attainment is also much higher, with mean years of schooling rising from 3 years in 197 to 9 years in 21. Economy UAE s GDP has now exceeded 1 trillion dirhams, from 11 billion dirhams in 1973, depicting a rate of economic expansion that has exceeded even that of Singapore. The UAE has the world s third highest GDP per capita (in purchasing power parity terms). Infrastructure The UAE s rapid modernization is reflected in its world-class infrastructure, especially in communications. Today, the UAE enjoys one of the highest mobile phone penetration rates in the world, and is among the heaviest users of social media in the region. Travel & Tourism The success of the country s airline industry has enabled the country to exceed Singapore in the number of departures of registered carriers and number of passengers. The tourism industry has also flourished, making the UAE one of the leading tourist destinations worldwide. Environment As the country strives to improve its environmental performance, carbon dioxide emissions per capita have been declining, from 8 metric tons per capita in 1971 to 31 metric tons per capita in United Arab Emirates Europe with Russia and Turkey In 211, UAE ranks 3th among 187 countries in the Human Development Index Foreign Aid UAE s foreign aid during the last four decades is estimated to exceed 163 billion dirhams. When other forms of development assistance are included, the total increases to an estimated 255 billion dirhams, making the country one of the most generous donors in the world Data Sources: United Nations Human Development Index database and Wolfram Alpha 4 5

6 Health

7 Health Health Selected Historical Milestones UAE has seven federal hospitals Dubai s Department of Health and Medical Services Noor Hospital in Abu Dhabi National blood transfusion program Commissioning of the Sheikh Khalifa Medical City Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA) & Health Authority of Abu Dhabi (HAAD) Federal Health Authority Rashid Hospital in Dubai Dubai Hospital Al Wasl Hospital in Dubai Al Qassimi Hospital in Sharjah Issuance of Law that made health insurance mandatory in Abu Dhabi and the formation of DAMAN Dubai Health Authority 8 9

8 Health Among its greatest accomplishments, the UAE s average life expectancy now exceeds 76 years, approaching the level of the most highly developed economies UAE Male and Female Life Expectancy at Birth (in years) UAE and High Income Countries: Life Expectancy, 197 and 21 (in years) Male Female 79% 77% United Arab Emirates High Income Countries Data Sources: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database and United Nations Human Development Index 211 Database 11

9 Health Health The UAE has significantly reduced infant mortality to a rate that is now better than that of the United States Survival of children under 5 years of age also dramatically improved to reach similar levels as most high income countries UAE Infant Mortality Rate, (per 1, live births) United Arab Emirates USA UAE and High Income Countries: Infant Mortality Rate, 197 and 21 (per 1, live births) 67 High Income Countries United Arab Emirates 91 Child Mortality Rate, (per 1,) UAE and High Income Countries: Child Mortality Rate, 197 and 21 (per 1,) 91 High Income Countries United Arab Emirates Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database Data Source: World Bank s Health Nutrition and Population Database 12 13

10 Health Health Maternal mortality has been reduced in the UAE to a rate that is lower than that of New Zealand and Republic of Korea The UAE s remarkable improvements in health and longevity have been made possible by significant increases in resource commitments UAE Maternal Mortality Ratio, (modeled estimate, per 1, live births) Comparison of Maternal Mortality Ratios, 199 and 28 (modeled estimate, per 1, live births) Health Expenditure Per Capita, (in dirhams) 5, United Arab Emirates New Zealand Korea, Rep. 4,693 5, ,947 3, ,616 2,578 2,635 2,511 2,487 2,565 2,759 2, , Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database 14 15

11 Education

12 Education Education Selected Historical Milestones UAE University Emirates Institute for Banking and Financial Studies Emirates Aviation College Zayed University Petroleum Institute Abu Dhabi Education Council Abu Dhabi campus of Sorbonne University INSEAD Abu Dhabi Entry of Initial class of students of the New York University campus in Abu Dhabi ADNOC Technical Institute Higher Colleges of Technology University of Sharjah Abu Dhabi University Dubai s Knowledge and Human Development Authority Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research Start of teaching at Masdar Institute of Technology 18 19

13 Education In 197, only 48% of UAE adults were literate; today over 93% are literate, with nearly equal rates for women and men UAE Adult Literacy Rate, (% of population ages 15 and above ) UAE Female and Male Literacy Rate, 1975 and 25 (% of population ages 15 and above ) Male Female Data Sources: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database, UAE National Bureau of Statistics 21

14 Education Education Increasing enrolment rates across all levels boosted educational attainment of the UAE s adult population to an average of 9.2 years of schooling today Primary education enrollment in the UAE rose from 74.5% in 198 to nearly 9%, maintaining near gender parity UAE Mean Years of Schooling of Adults, (years of schooling of adults aged 25 years and above) UAE Primary Education Enrollment Rate (% Net) UAE Primary Education Enrollment Rate: Male and Female, 1978 and 29 (% Net) Male Female Data Source: United Nations Human Development Index 211 Database, UNESCO, Barro-Lee (21) Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database 22 23

15 Education Education Secondary education enrollment in the UAE rose from 22% in 1973 to 95% in 29, with the female secondary enrollment rate among the highest in the region Tertiary education enrollment in the UAE rose from 1.3% in 1979 to 3% in 29, with female tertiary enrollment rates rising even higher to 41.3% UAE Secondary Education Enrollment Rate (% Gross) Comparative Female Secondary Education Enrollment Rate, 29 (% Gross) UAE Tertiary Education Enrollment Rate, (% Gross) UAE Female Tertiary Education Enrollment Rate, (% Gross) United Arab Emirates 72.5 Arab World 71.6 Middle East & North Africa Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database 24 25

16 Economy

17 Economy Economy Selected Historical Milestones Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) UAE Currency Board (Currently Central Bank of the UAE) Start of UAE s first cement factory in Ras al Khaimah Abu Dhabi Investment Company International Petroleum Investment Company Fujairah Free Zone Ajman & Um Al Quwain Free Zones Ras Al Khaimah & Sharjah Free Zones Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange Dubai International Financial Center Abu Dhabi Investment Council UAE s GDP exceeds Dh 1 trillion Circulation of the UAE Dirham Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Dubai Aluminum Company Jebel Ali Free Zone UAE Offsets Group Dubai Financial Market Abu Dhabi s Higher Corporation for Specialized Economic Zones Unveiling of Abu Dhabi s 23 Economic Vision 28 29

18 Economy UAE s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 21 exceeded a trillion dirhams, from a base of 11 billion dirhams in ,1 1,5 1, UAE GDP, (current, in billion dirhams) , UAE GDP (constant, 2 US$ billion) Data Sources: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database and UAE s National Bureau of Statistics (only for UAE s 21 GDP figure) 31

19 Economy Economy The pace of UAE s economic expansion over nearly four decades has exceeded even that of Singapore Latest figures indicate that the UAE has the world s third highest GDP per capita in purchasing power parity terms GDP of UAE and Singapore, (current, in US$ billion) GDP per capita in PPP terms, 211 (constant 25 international US$) United Arab Emirates 223 Singapore Qatar Luxembourg United Arab Emirates Norway Singapore 68,853 52,435 (192,436 dirhams) 47,676 45,978 82, United States 41,761 1 Hong Kong Switzerland 39,255 36,954 5 Netherlands 36,358 Ireland 36, Data Sources: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database and UAE s National Bureau of Statistics (only for UAE s 21 GDP figure) Data Source: United Nations Human Development Index 211 Database website

20 Economy Population The expansion of the labor force contributed to the UAE s economic growth, marked by rising participation of women in the economy The UAE s economic growth also benefited from the emergence of a more youthful population in the national labor force UAE Total Labor Force, ,884,889 2,524,583 1,865,289 Female Labor Force Participation Rate (% of female population ages 15-64) Arab World Middle East & North Africa United Arab Emirates Population Pyramid for Nationals, Females Males ,39, , , , , 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database Data Source: UAE National Bureau of Statistics 34 35

21 Economy Economy The value of UAE s merchandise exports reached US$175 billion in 29, surpassing those of Switzerland and Norway The value of UAE s merchandise imports reached US$14 billion in 29, surpassing those of Norway and New Zealand UAE Merchandise Exports, (current US$ billion) Comparative Value of Merchandise Exports, 197 and 29 (current US$ billion) UAE Merchandise Imports, (current US$ billion) Comparative Value of Merchandise Imports, 197 and 29 (current US$ billion) Norway Switzerland United Arab Emirates New Zealand 3.7 Norway United Arab Emirates Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database 36 37

22 Economy Economy Holding one of the world s largest proven oil reserves, the UAE s economy has been buoyed by oil production and exports A steep rise in assets and reserves has accompanied the country s economic expansion 2,8 2,6 2,4 2,2 2, 1,8 1,79 1,6 1,4 1,2 1, Crude Oil Production, (average barrels/day, ) 2, , 95, 9, 85, 8, 75, 7, 65, 6, 55, 5, 45, 4, 35, 3,41 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, 198 Proven Petroleum Reserves, (million barrels, end-period) , UAE Net Foreign Assets, (current in billion dirhams) UAE Total Reserves, (includes gold, current billion dirhams) Data Sources: Economist Intelligence Unit database, U.S. Energy Information Administration, Oil and Gas Journal Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database Note: Net foreign assets and total reserves reflect only those held by monetary authorities 38 39

23 Economy Economy The UAE s economy has benefited from exchange rate stability and, more recently, from a reduction in the rate of inflation The number of listed domestic companies in the UAE stock markets rose from 12 in 21 to 11 in 21 Official Exchange Rate, (dirham per US$, period average) Inflation Rate, (average % change in consumer prices) Number of Listed Domestic Companies in the UAE Stock Markets Data Sources: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database for the official exchange rate and the International Monetary Fund s data base for the inflation rate Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database 4 41

24 Economy Over the last decade, the UAE s market capitalization and value turnover surpassed those of Ireland and New Zealand Comparative Growth of Market Capitalization of Listed Companies, 2 and 21 (US$ billion) Comparative Growth of Value of Stocks Traded, 2 and 21 (US$ billion) Infrastructure Ireland New Zealand United Arab Emirates New Zealand Ireland United Arab Emirates Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database 42

25 Infrastructure Infrastructure Selected Historical Milestones Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (Etisalat) Dubai Electricity and Water Authority Federal Electricity and Water Authority Successful deployment of Thuraya 1 Abu Dhabi National Energy Company (TAQA) Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council Completion of Sheikh Khalifa Bridge and Yas Marina Circuit Successful completion of in-orbit testing of Yahsat s satellite Y1A Sharjah Ports Authority Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority Commencement of operations of Ajman Port Emirates Postal Corporation Telecommunications Regulatory Authority Emirates Integrated Telecommunication Company (du) Start of operations of Dubai s first metro line Khalifa Port 44 45

26 Infrastructure Contrasting 1975 and 25 depicts the remarkable expansion of buildings and housing units across the country 242,324 25,518 Housing Units by Emirate, 1975 and ,142 6,643 45,12 29,54 6,497 39,7 39,815 2,272 8,828 13,763 19,532 5,168 Abu Dhabi Dubai Sharjah Ajman Umm Al- Quwain Ras Al- Khaimah Fujairah 117,469 Buildings by Emirate, 1975 and 25 77,886 57,153 28,756 26,381 1,415 3,368 17,898 1,83 8,741 4,969 4, ,197 Abu Dhabi Dubai Sharjah Ajman Umm Al- Quwain Ras Al- Khaimah Fujairah Data Source: UAE National Bureau of Statistics 47

27 Infrastructure Infrastructure UAE s rapid modernization is reflected in the rise of electric power consumption As UAE s population and economy expanded, its communications infrastructure grew accordingly UAE Electric Power Consumption, (kwh) Comparative Electric Power Consumption, (kwh per capita) UAE Total Number of Telephone Lines, UAE Total Number of Mobile Cellular Subscriptions, , 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 1, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 197 9,339 8,3 7,511 5,4 2, ,891 13, 12, 13,759 11, 1, 11,919 9, , 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, ,26 9,492 8,37 8,184 6,31 Ireland Singapore Switzerland New Zealand United Arab Emirates ,479,485 1,135, , , ,73 27,52 12,591 25, , ,926,19 3,683,117 1,428, , Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database Data Sources: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database and International Telecommunication Union Database 48 49

28 Infrastructure Infrastructure UAE s mobile cellular phone penetration rate has become one of the highest in the world The number of internet users and broadband subscribers have also risen steeply UAE Mobile Cellular Penetration Rate, (per 1 people) Comparative Mobile Cellular Subscription Rate, 29 (per 1 people) UAE Internet Penetration Rate, (users per 1 people) UAE Fixed Broadband Internet Subscribers, (per 1 people) Korea, Rep New Zealand Ireland Norway Switzerland Singapore United Arab Emirates Data Sources: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database and International Telecommunication Union Database Data Sources: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database and International Telecommunication Union Database 5 51

29 Infrastructure The rapid diffusion of technologies has boosted the UAE to a regional leadership position in the use of online social media networks Number of Active Twitter Users in the Arab Region, January March 211 New Facebook Users In the Arab Region, January April 211 (% of population) IIIIIIII Secondary Education Enrollment Rate (% gross) Travel & Tourism UAE 21,6 UAE 6.6 Qatar 133,29 Kuwait 5.31 Egypt 131,24 Tunisia 5.11 Saudi Arabia 115,84 Jordan 4.75 Kuwait 113,428 Saudi Arabia 3.16 Lebanon 79,163 Bahrain 3.1 Libya 63,919 Palestine 2.75 Bahrain 61,896 Egypt 2.27 Yemen 29,422 Morroco 2.21 Oman 6,679 Oman 2.19 Data Source: Arab Social Media Report, May

30 Travel & Tourism Travel & Tourism Selected Historical Milestones The new Dubai International Airport Ras Al Khaimah International Airport Emirates airline Start of the Dubai Airshow Al Ain International Airport Etihad Airways RAK Airways Al Maktroum International Airport Sharjah International Airport Abu Dhabi International Airport Fujairah International Airport General Civil Aviation Authority Abu Dhabi Tourism Development and Investment Company Abu Dhabi Airports Company 54 55

31 Travel & Tourism The success of the country s airline industry has exceeded Singapore s in terms of the number of departures of, and passengers carried by, registered carriers Registered Carriers Departures Worldwide, 1975 and United Arab Emirates 5, ,588 Singapore 23,8 83,772 Passengers Carried by Registered Carriers, 1975 and United Arab Emirates 173, 31,761,631 Singapore 1,814,7 18,427,473 Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database Note: Registered carrier departures worldwide are domestic takeoffs and takeoffs abroad of air carriers registered in the country. 57

32 Travel & Tourism The country s tourism industry has also flourished, making UAE one of the world s leading tourist destinations UAE Tourist Arrivals, (in US$ millions) Tourist Receipts (current US$ millions) Environment 7, , , Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database 58

33 Environment Environment Selected Historical Milestones Higher Environmental Council 1975 Emirates Environmental Group Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi Emirates Wildlife Society Masdar UAE as the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency UAE Hunting Law Sharjah s Department of Environment and Protected Areas (DEPA) Federal Law for Protection and Development of the Environment Ministry of Environment and Water First World Future Energy Summit 6 61

34 Environment As the country strives to improve its environmental performance, carbon dioxide emissions per capita is declining UAE CO2 Emissions Per Capita, (in metric tons) Data Source: World Bank s World Development Indicators Database 63

35 Foreign Aid

36 Foreign Aid Foreign Aid Selected Historical Milestones Abu Dhabi Fund for Development (ADFD) Sharjah Charity Association Humanitarian Foundation The Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Charity and Humanitarian Foundation ( MBRCF) Khalifa bin Zayed Charity Foundation Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation Office for the Coordination of Foreign Aid Red Crescent Authority Zayed Foundation for Charitable and Humanitarian Aid Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak Fund for Refugee Women Dubai Aid City Dubai Cares Noor Dubai 66 67

37 Foreign Aid The value of foreign aid extended by the UAE during the last four decades is estimated to exceed Dh 163 billion*, making the country one of the most generous donors in the world UAE Foreign Aid, (in billion dirhams) When other forms of development assistance are included, the total amounts to an estimated Dh 255 billion** Data Source: : Federal Co-ordination Office for Aid Note:*cited by UAE Interact; **cited by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 69