Investing in Mutual Funds

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Investing in Mutual Funds"

Transcription

1 Investing in Mutual Funds C H A P T E R 17 Barb Branson thought she knew a good thing when she saw it. After researching some mutual funds, she picked one that had a great five-year track record. With a five-year average return of over 20 percent, she was confident that this fund was a solid performer. With $5,000 to invest, she bought 200 shares for $25 per share in late September. The stock market and the price of her mutual fund stuttered a bit over the next two months. Barb was confident that her shares would bounce back as soon as the market recovered from its October jitters. By December, her mutual fund shares were priced at $23.50, so she was not terribly disappointed, as this was a long-term investment. What did surprise Barb, however, was the capital gains distribution that she received in December. While the value of her investment was $300 less than her purchase price, the mutual fund distributed $3.95 per share, a total distribution of $790 that Barb must report as taxable income. Barb did not understand how she could have taxable income of $790 even though her fund had lost money since she purchased it. What Barb failed to realize at the time of her purchase was that the fund she had selected was sitting on accumulated capital gains from stocks that it had purchased in previous years. After five years of good returns, the fund managers had sold some of the stocks within the fund to lock in gains. Barb, as a current shareholder, received 467

2 468 I N V E S T I N G I N M U T U A L F U N D S her share of the gains. Too late, Barb realized that most mutual funds distribute their gains, as they are required to do so by law, near the end of the year. Barb has more to learn about mutual funds and their tax implications. Mutual funds pool money from you and other investors to purchase portfolios of securities. Recall that money market mutual funds (described in Chapter 6) focus on very liquid investments. One of the most popular types of investment for the individual investor, mutual funds encompass a seemingly limitless variety of names and types. However, in reality there are a finite number of mutual fund categories. This chapter explains how to invest in stock mutual funds and bond mutual funds to diversify your investment portfolio. The objectives of this chapter are to: identify the types of stock funds, present the types of bond funds, explain how to choose among mutual funds, describe quotations of mutual funds, and explain how to diversify among mutual funds. stock mutual funds Funds that sell shares to individuals and invest the proceeds in stocks. bond mutual funds Funds that sell shares to individuals and invest the proceeds in bonds. BACKGROUND ON MUTUAL FUNDS Mutual funds can be broadly distinguished according to the securities in which they invest. Stock mutual funds sell shares to individuals and invest the proceeds in stocks. Bond mutual funds sell shares to individuals and invest the proceeds in bonds. Mutual funds employ portfolio managers who decide what securities to purchase; the individual investors do not have to select stocks themselves. The minimum investment in a mutual fund is usually between $500 and $3,000, depending on the fund. Many mutual funds are subsidiaries of other types of financial institutions. MOTIVES FOR INVESTING IN MUTUAL FUNDS By investing in a mutual fund, you can invest in a broadly diversified portfolio with a small initial investment. If you have $1,000 to invest, you (along with other investors) can own a portfolio of 100 or more stocks through a mutual fund. Yet, if you had attempted to buy stocks directly with your $1,000, you might not have enough money to buy even 100 shares of a single stock. A second motive for investing in mutual funds is the expertise of the portfolio managers. Your investments reflect the decisions of experienced professionals who have access to the best research available.

3 BACKGROUND ON MUTUAL FUNDS 469 A third motive for investing in mutual funds is that they can meet specific investment goals. For example, some mutual funds are designed to satisfy investors who desire potential appreciation in their investments, while other mutual funds are designed to provide periodic income to investors. net asset value (NAV) The market value of the securities that a mutual fund has purchased minus any liabilities owed. NET ASSET VALUE Each mutual fund s value can be determined by its net asset value (NAV), which represents the market value of the securities that it has purchased minus any liabilities owed. For example, suppose that a mutual fund owns 100 different stocks including 10,000 shares of Nike that are currently worth $60 per share. This mutual fund s holdings of Nike are worth $600,000 (computed as $60 10,000 shares) as of today. The value of the other 99 stocks owned by the fund is determined in the same manner, and all the values are summed. Then, any liabilities such as expenses owed to the mutual fund s managers are subtracted to determine the NAV. The NAV is commonly reported on a per-share basis by dividing the NAV by the number of shares in the fund. Each day, the market value of all the mutual fund s assets is determined. Any interest or dividends earned by the fund are added to the market value of the assets, and any expenses (such as mailing, marketing, and portfolio management) that are charged to the fund or any dividends distributed to the fund s shareholders (investors) are deducted. As the value of the mutual fund s portfolio increases, so does the fund s NAV. OPEN-END VERSUS CLOSED-END FUNDS Mutual funds are classified as either open-end funds or closed-end funds. open-end mutual funds Funds that sell shares directly to investors and repurchase those shares whenever investors wish to sell them. family A group of separately managed open-end mutual funds held by one investment company. Open-End Funds. Open-end mutual funds sell shares directly to investors and repurchase those shares whenever investors wish to sell them. The funds are managed by investment companies that are commonly subsidiaries of a larger financial conglomerate. Merrill Lynch, Citigroup, First Union, and many other financial institutions have investment company subsidiaries that operate open-end mutual funds. Many investment companies operate a family, or group of separately managed open-end mutual funds. For example, Fidelity, T. Rowe Price, and Vanguard manage several different open-end funds, each of which has its own investment objective. By offering a diverse set of mutual funds, these investment companies satisfy investors with many different investment preferences. Consider an open-end stock mutual fund that receives $10 million today as new investors purchase shares of the fund. In addition, today some investors who had previously purchased shares decide to sell those shares back to the fund, resulting in $6 million in redemptions in the fund. In this example, the stock mutual fund has a net difference of $4 million of new money that its portfolio managers will invest.

4 470 I N V E S T I N G I N M U T U A L F U N D S closed-end funds Funds that sell shares to investors but do not repurchase them; instead fund shares are purchased and sold on stock exchanges. premium The amount by which a closed-end fund s share price in the secondary market is above the fund s NAV. discount The amount by which a closed-end fund s share price in the secondary market is below the fund s NAV. no-load mutual funds Funds that sell directly to investors and do not charge a fee. load mutual funds Funds whose shares are sold by a stockbroker who charges a fee (or load) for the transaction. On some days, the value of redemptions may exceed the value of new shares purchased. Mutual fund managers typically maintain a small portion of the fund s portfolio in the form of cash or marketable securities so that they have sufficient liquidity when redemptions exceed new share purchases. Otherwise, they could sell some stocks in their portfolio to obtain the necessary money for redemptions. Closed-End Funds. Closed-end funds issue shares to investors when the funds are first created, but do not repurchase shares from investors. Unlike an openend fund, shares of a closed-end fund are purchased and sold on stock exchanges. Thus, the fund does not sell new shares upon demand to investors and does not allow investors to redeem shares. The market price per share is determined by the demand for shares versus the supply of shares that are being sold. The price per share of a closed-end fund can differ from the fund s NAV per share. A closed-end fund s share price may exhibit a premium (above the NAV) in some periods and a discount (below the NAV) in other periods. LOAD VERSUS NO-LOAD FUNDS Open-end mutual funds can be either load funds or no-load funds. No-load mutual funds sell directly to investors and do not charge a fee. Conversely, load mutual funds charge a fee (or load) when you purchase them. In most cases, the fee goes to stockbrokers or other financial service advisers who execute transactions for investors in load mutual funds. Since no-load funds do not pay a fee to brokers, brokers are less likely to recommend them to investors. Investors should recognize the impact of loads on their investment performance. In some cases, the difference in loads is the reason one mutual fund outperforms another. EXAMPLE You have $5,000 to invest in a mutual fund. You have a choice of investing in a noload fund by sending your investment directly to the fund or purchasing a mutual fund that has a 5 percent load and has been recommended by a broker. Each fund has an NAV of $20 per share, and their stock portfolios are very similar. You expect each fund s NAV will be $22 at the end of the year, which would represent a 10 percent return from the prevailing NAV of $20 per share (assuming there are no dividends or capital gain distributions over the year). You plan to sell the mutual fund in one year. If the NAVs change as expected, your return for each fund will be as shown in Exhibit Notice that you would earn a return of 10 percent on the no-load fund versus 5.6 percent on the load fund. While the load fund s portfolio generated a 10 percent return, your return is less because of the load fee. Based on this analysis, you decide to purchase shares of the no-load fund.

5 BACKGROUND ON MUTUAL FUNDS 471 Exhibit 17.1 Comparison of Returns from a No-Load Fund and a Load Fund No-Load Fund Invest $5,000 in the mutual fund. $5,000 Your investment converts to 250 shares. $0 $5,000 $20 $5,000/$20 per share 250 shares. 250 shares End of Year 1: You redeem shares for $22 per share. $22 Amount received 250 shares $22 $5,500. $5,500 Return ($5,500 $5,000)/$5,000 10% 10% Load Fund Invest $5,000; 4% of $5,000 (or $200) $5,000 goes to the broker. $200 The remaining 96% of $5,000 (or $4,800) $4,800 is used to purchase 240 shares. $20 $4,800/$20 per share 240 shares. 240 shares You redeem shares for $22 per share. $22 Amount received 240 shares $22 $5,280. $5,280 Return ($5,280 $5,000)/$5, % 5.6% Studies on mutual funds have found that no-load funds perform at least as well as load funds on average, even when ignoring the fees paid on a load fund. When considering the fee paid on load funds, no-load funds have outperformed load funds, on average. So why do some investors purchase load funds? They may believe that specific load funds will generate high returns and outperform other no-load funds, even after considering the fee that is charged. Or perhaps some investors who rely on their brokers for advice do not consider no-load funds. Some investors may purchase load funds because they do not realize that there are no-load funds or do not know how to invest in them. To invest in no-load funds, you can simply call an 800 number for an application or print it off a fund s Web site. EXPENSE RATIOS As mentioned earlier in this chapter, mutual funds incur expenses, including administrative, legal, and clerical expenses and portfolio management fees.

6 472 I N V E S T I N G I N M U T U A L F U N D S expense ratio The annual expenses per share divided by the net asset value of a mutual fund. Some mutual funds have much higher expenses than others. These expenses are incurred by the fund s shareholders because the fund s NAV (which is what investors receive when redeeming their shares) accounts for the expenses incurred. Investors should review the annual expenses of any mutual funds in which they invest. In particular, they should focus on the fund s expense ratio, which measures the annual expenses per share divided by the NAV of the fund. An expense ratio of 1 percent means that shareholders incur annual expenses amounting to 1 percent of the value of the fund. The higher the expense ratio, the lower the return for a given level of portfolio performance. Mutual funds that incur more expenses are worthwhile only if they offer a high enough return to offset the extra expenses. On average, mutual funds have an expense ratio of about 1.5 percent. The expense ratios of mutual funds can be found in various financial newspapers and on many financial Web sites. Reported Components of Expense Ratios. Many mutual funds break their expense ratios into three categories: management, 12b-1 fee, and other. The management fee represents the fee charged for managing the mutual funds portfolio and is typically the largest component of the expense ratio. It includes the cost of researching various securities and compensating the employees who manage the mutual fund portfolio. The 12b-1 fee is charged by some mutual funds to pay brokers who invest in the mutual fund on behalf of customers. A mutual fund may be called no-load but still compensate brokers. Some mutual funds have this arrangement with brokers because it enables them to attract more investors. Yet, the shareholders who invest in the mutual fund incur a higher expense ratio than if the fund did not charge such a fee. The 12b-1 fee can be as high as 1 percent of assets. The third category of the expense ratio ( other expenses) includes general business expenses such as mailing and customer service. Relationship between Expense Ratios and Performance. Research has shown that mutual funds with relatively low expenses tend to outperform other funds with similar objectives. This finding suggests that the mutual funds with higher expenses cannot justify them. TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS Investors can select from a wide array of mutual funds, including both stock mutual funds and bond mutual funds. Each category includes many types of funds to suit the preferences of individual investors. TYPES OF STOCK MUTUAL FUNDS Open-end stock mutual funds are commonly classified according to their investment objectives. If you consider investing in a stock mutual fund, you must decide on the type of fund in which you wish to invest. Some of the more common investment objectives are described here.

7 TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS 473 growth funds Mutual funds that focus on stocks that have potential for above-average growth. capital appreciation funds Mutual funds that focus on stocks that are expected to grow at a very high rate. small capitalization (small-cap) funds Mutual funds that focus on firms that are relatively small. mid-size capitalization (midcap) funds Mutual funds that focus on medium-size firms. equity income funds Mutual funds that focus on firms that pay a high level of dividends. balanced growth and income funds Mutual funds that contain both growth stocks and stocks that pay high dividends. sector funds Mutual funds that focus on a specific industry or sector, such as technology stocks. technology funds Mutual funds that focus on stocks of Internet-based firms and therefore represent a particular type of sector fund. index funds Mutual funds that attempt to mirror the movements of an existing stock index. Growth Funds. Growth funds focus on stocks that have potential for aboveaverage growth. Capital Appreciation Funds. Capital appreciation funds focus on stocks that are expected to grow at a very high rate. These firms tend to pay low or no dividends so that they can reinvest all of their earnings to expand. Small Capitalization (Small-Cap) Funds. Small capitalization (small-cap) funds focus on firms that are relatively small. Small-cap funds and capital appreciation funds overlap somewhat because smaller firms tend to have more potential for growth than larger firms. Mid-Size Capitalization (Mid-Cap) Funds. Mid-size capitalization (midcap) funds focus on medium-size firms. These firms tend to be more established than small-cap firms, but may have less growth potential. Equity Income Funds. Equity income funds focus on firms that pay a high level of dividends. These firms tend to exhibit less growth because they use a relatively large portion of their earnings to pay dividends rather than reinvesting earnings for expansion. The firms normally have less potential for high returns and exhibit less risk. Balanced Growth and Income Funds. Balanced growth and income funds contain both growth stocks and stocks that pay high dividends. This type of fund distributes dividends periodically, while offering more potential for an increase in the fund s value than an equity income fund. Sector Funds. Sector funds focus on stocks in a specific industry or sector, such as technology stocks. Investors who expect a specific industry to perform well may invest in a sector fund. Sector funds enable investors with a small amount of funds to invest in a diversified portfolio of stocks within a particular sector. An example of a sector fund is a technology fund, which focuses on stocks of Internet-based firms. Most of these firms are relatively young. They have potential for very high returns, but also exhibit a high degree of risk because they do not have a consistent record of strong performance. Index Funds. Index funds are mutual funds that attempt to mirror the movements of an existing stock index. Investors who invest in an index fund should earn returns similar to what they would receive if they actually invested in the index. For example, Vanguard offers a mutual fund containing a set of stocks that moves in the same manner as the S&P 500 index. It may not contain every stock in the index, but it is still able to mimic the index s movement. Since the S&P 500 index includes only very large stocks, an S&P 500 index fund does not necessarily move in tandem with the entire stock market. Other index funds mimic broader indexes such as the Wilshire 5000 for investors who want an index that represents the entire stock market. In addition, there are small capitalization index funds that are intended to mirror

8 474 I N V E S T I N G I N M U T U A L F U N D S EXAMPLE movements in the small-cap index. Other index funds mimic foreign stock indexes, such as a European index and a Pacific Basin index. Investors who want to invest in a particular country, but do not want to incur excessive expenses associated with foreign stock exchanges, can invest in an index fund targeted to that country. Index funds have become very popular because of their performance relative to other mutual funds. They incur less expenses than a typical mutual fund because they are not actively managed. The index fund does not incur expenses for researching various stocks because it is intended simply to mimic an index. In addition, the fund s portfolio is not frequently revised. Consequently, index funds incur very low transaction costs, which can enhance performance. Some index funds have expense ratios of between 0.20 and 0.30 percent, which is substantially lower than the expense ratios of most other mutual funds. Index funds can also offer tax advantages. Since they engage in less trading than most other mutual funds, they generate a limited amount of capital gains that must be distributed to shareholders. Those index funds composed of stocks that do not pay dividends are especially valuable because they do not have dividend income that must be distributed to shareholders. Much research has found that the performance of portfolios managed by portfolio managers is frequently lower than the performance of an existing stock index. Thus, investors may be better off investing in an index fund rather than investing in an actively managed portfolio. You consider investing in either a no-load mutual fund that focuses on growth stocks or an index mutual fund. When ignoring expenses incurred by the mutual funds, you expect that the growth fund will generate an annual return of 9 percent versus an annual return of 8 percent for the index fund. The growth fund has an expense ratio of 1.5 percent, versus an expense ratio of 0.2 percent for the index fund. Based on your expectations about the portfolio returns, your returns would be: Growth Fund Index Fund Fund s portfolio return (excludes expenses) 9.0% 8.0% Expense ratio 1.5% 0.2% Your annual return 7.5% 7.8% The comparison shows that the index fund can generate a higher return for you than the other fund even if its portfolio return is lower. Based on this analysis, you should invest in the index fund. Some index funds have expense ratios that are 1.25 percent or higher, even though their portfolio management expenses are low. You should ensure that the expense ratio is low before selecting a fund.

9 TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS Financial Planning Online: Index Mutual Funds Go to: This Web site provides: news and other information about index mutual funds that can guide your investment decisions. international stock funds Mutual funds that focus on firms that are based outside the United States. socially responsible stock funds Mutual funds that screen out firms viewed as offensive by some. International Stock Funds. International stock funds focus on firms that are based outside the United States. Some of these funds focus on firms in a specific country, while others focus on a specific region or continent. Many of these funds require a minimum investment of $1,000 to $2,500, but a few require only $500. Funds with a country or regional concentration are attractive to investors who want to invest in a specific country, but prefer to rely on an experienced portfolio manager to select the stocks. The expenses associated with managing a portfolio are higher for international mutual funds than for other mutual funds, because monitoring foreign firms from the United States is expensive. In addition, transaction costs from buying and selling stocks of foreign firms are higher. Nevertheless, many international stock funds have expense ratios that are less than 1.8 percent. Some mutual funds invest in stocks of both foreign firms and U.S. firms. These are called global mutual funds to distinguish them from international mutual funds. Socially Responsible Stock Funds. Socially responsible stock funds screen out firms viewed as offensive by some investors. For example, they may not invest in firms that produce cigarettes or guns or that pollute the environment. Other Types of Stock Funds. The types of mutual funds described here can be further subdivided, as funds have proliferated to satisfy the preferences of investors. As an example, some growth stock funds focus on small firms while others concentrate on large firms. Investors who desire large firms that are

10 476 I N V E S T I N G I N M U T U A L F U N D S expected to grow would consider investing in large-cap growth funds. Investors who desire small firms that are expected to grow would consider investing in small-cap growth funds. TYPES OF BOND MUTUAL FUNDS Investors can also select a bond fund that satisfies their investment objectives. The more popular types of bond funds are identified here. Treasury bond funds Mutual funds that focus on investments in Treasury bonds. Ginnie Mae funds Mutual funds that invest in bonds issued by the Government National Mortgage Association. corporate bond funds Mutual funds that focus on bonds issued by highquality firms that tend to have a low degree of default risk. high-yield (junk) bond funds Mutual funds that focus on relatively risky bonds issued by firms that are subject to default risk. municipal bond funds Mutual funds that invest in municipal bonds. index bond funds Mutual funds that are intended to mimic the performance of a specified bond index. international bond funds Mutual funds that focus on bonds issued by non-u.s. firms or governments. Treasury Bond Funds. Treasury bond funds focus on investments in Treasury bonds. Recall that these bonds are backed by the federal government, so they are free from default risk. Ginnie Mae Funds. Ginnie Mae funds invest in bonds issued by the Government National Mortgage Association. These bonds have a low degree of default risk because they are issued by a government agency. Corporate Bond Funds. Corporate bond funds focus on bonds issued by high-quality firms. Thus, they tend to have a low degree of default risk. High-Yield (Junk) Bond Funds. High-yield (junk) bond funds focus on relatively risky bonds issued by firms that are subject to default risk. These bond funds tend to offer a higher expected return than corporate bond funds, however, because of the high yields offered to compensate for the high default risk. Municipal Bond Funds. Municipal bond funds invest in municipal bonds. Recall from Chapter 16 that the interest income on these bonds is exempt from federal taxes. Consequently, municipal bond funds are attractive to investors who are in high income tax brackets. Index Bond Funds. Index bond funds are intended to mimic the performance of a specified bond index. For example, Vanguard offers four different bond index funds: A total bond index fund that tracks an aggregate (broad) bond index. A short-term bond index fund that tracks an index representing bonds with one to five years until maturity. An intermediate bond index fund that tracks an index representing bonds with 5 to 10 years to maturity. A long-term bond fund that tracks an index representing bonds with 15 to 25 years until maturity. International Bond Funds. International bond funds focus on bonds issued by non-u.s. firms or governments. Some international bonds are attractive to U.S. investors because they offer a higher yield than is offered on U.S. bonds. They

11 RETURN AND RISK OF A MUTUAL FUND 477 global bond funds Mutual funds that invest in foreign bonds as well as U.S. bonds. are subject to exchange rate risk. If the currency denominating foreign bonds weakens against the dollar, the value of foreign bonds is reduced, and the international bond fund s performance is adversely affected. Also, expenses incurred by international bond funds tend to be higher than those of domestic bond funds because of costly international transactions. Some bond funds focus on investments within a specific country or region. These funds are attractive to investors who want to invest in a foreign country but do not want to select the bonds themselves. Some bond funds invest in both foreign bonds and U.S. bonds. They are referred to as global bond funds to distinguish them from the international bond funds that concentrate solely on non-u.s. bonds. Like other bond funds, international and global bond funds are exposed to interest rate risk. Foreign bond prices are influenced by the interest rate of the currency denominating the bond in the same way that U.S. bond prices are influenced by U.S. interest rate movements. When the interest rate of the currency denominating the bonds increases, bond prices decline. Conversely, when the interest rate of the currency decreases, prices of bonds denominated in that currency increase. Maturity Classifications. Each type of bond fund can be segmented further by the range of maturities. For example, some Treasury bond funds are classified as medium term (8 12 years) or long term (20 30 years). Other bond funds are also segmented in this manner. RETURN AND RISK OF A MUTUAL FUND Investors purchase shares of a mutual fund so that they can receive a reasonable return on their investment. However, you must balance the expected return with the fund s risk, which reflects the uncertainty surrounding the expected return. Before you purchase a mutual fund, you should set your objectives in terms of expected return and the risk you can tolerate. RETURN FROM INVESTING IN A MUTUAL FUND A mutual fund can generate returns for its investors (shareholders) in three different ways: dividend distributions, capital gain distributions, and capital gain distributions from redeeming shares. Dividend Distributions. A mutual fund that receives dividend payments must distribute these dividends to its investors in the same year. Mutual funds normally allow their investors to choose whether to receive dividends in the form of a cash payment or as additional shares (which means the dividends are reinvested to buy more shares of the fund). Investors who receive these dividends may be taxed at the new lower dividend tax rates (15% or 5%) or possibly at ordinary income tax rates. Capital Gain Distributions. A mutual fund that realizes capital gains as a result of selling shares of stocks or bonds must distribute those capital gains to

12 478 I N V E S T I N G I N M U T U A L F U N D S its investors in the same year. As with dividend distributions, mutual funds normally allow investors to choose whether to receive capital gains in the form of a cash payment or as additional shares (which means the amount of the capital gains is reinvested to buy more shares of the fund). Distributions of long-term capital gains are taxed at the long-term capital gains rate while short-term capital gains are taxed at the higher ordinary income tax rates. Given the differences in tax rates for short-term and long-term gains, investors in high tax brackets will normally achieve higher performance by selecting mutual funds that generate long-term capital gains rather than shortterm capital gains. EXAMPLE You invest in an index fund which has very little turn-over and thus produces a small amount of capital gains distribution and a significant amount of tax-favored dividend income for the year. You also invest in a technology mutual fund that attempts to quickly take advantage of short-term price swings in its holdings while producing mostly short-term capital gains which it distributes to its shareholders. You are curious about your tax liabilities on distributions from these two investments. The index fund distributed $200 of long-term capital gains and $800 of tax-favored dividends while the tech fund produced $100 of long-term gains and $900 of shortterm capital gains. Your marginal tax rate on ordinary income is 28 percent and your long-term capital gains tax rate is 15%. Given this information, the taxes on the distributions are as calculated in Exhibit Exhibit 17.2 Potential Tax Implications from Investing in Mutual Funds Index Mutual Fund Technology Mutual Fund Dividends $800 $0 ST capital gain LT capital gain Total income $1,000 $1,000 Tax on dividends 15%) $120 $0 Tax on ST capital gains (28%) Tax on LT capital gains (15%) Total taxes $150 $267 After-tax income $850 $733

13 RETURN AND RISK OF A MUTUAL FUND 479 Even though the funds distributed the same amount to you, your taxes on the Index Fund distributions are $117 lower. Thus, your after-tax income from that fund is $117 higher than your income from the tech fund, as shown in Exhibit As the above example illustrates, individuals in higher tax brackets can reduce their tax liability by investing in mutual funds with low dividend distributions. Capital Gain from Redeeming Shares. You earn a capital gain if you redeem shares of a mutual fund when the share price exceeds the price at which you purchased the shares. For example, if you purchase 200 shares of a stock mutual fund at a price of $25 per share and sell the shares for $30, your capital gain will be: Capital Gain (Selling Price per Share Purchase Price per Share) Number of Shares ($30 $25) 200 $1,000. If you held the shares for more than one year, you have a long-term capital gain. If you held them for one year or less, your gain is subject to your ordinary income tax rate Financial Planning Online: Return from Investing in Mutual Funds Go to: markets/mutualfunds/index.html This Web site provides: information on the top 25 mutual funds in the United States as well as several foreign countries.

14 480 I N V E S T I N G I N M U T U A L F U N D S Determining your capital gain is more difficult when you have reinvested distributions in the fund, because each distribution results in the purchase of more shares at the prevailing price on that day. The capital gain on the shares purchased at the time of the distribution is dependent on the price you paid for them. Many investors rely on the mutual fund to report their capital gain after they redeem the shares. Now that many mutual fund companies allow you to review your account online, finding price information has been simplified. COMPARING RETURNS AMONG STOCK MUTUAL FUNDS The mean returns for various types of mutual funds in 1999 are summarized in the top panel of Exhibit The exhibit shows how the return over a particular time period can vary substantially among types of mutual funds. Notice that mutual funds in the science and technology sector generated a mean annual return of 135 percent, while the equity income funds generated a mean return of only 4 percent. Notice how these funds performed in 2002, as shown in the bottom panel. All mutual funds were weak in this period, which provides an important lesson. When the stock market performs very poorly, mutual funds tend to perform poorly as well. While the funds are diversified, they still generate losses in periods when most of the stocks that they invest in exhibit losses. Notice that the science and technology funds performed worse than others during this period. A comparison of the two panels in Exhibit 17.3 shows how sector funds have the potential to offer very high returns but also have a high degree of risk. market risk The susceptibility of a mutual fund s performance to general stock market conditions. hedge funds Limited partnerships that manage portfolios of funds for wealthy individuals and financial institutions. RISK FROM INVESTING IN A STOCK MUTUAL FUND Although different types of stock mutual funds experience different performance levels in a given time period, they are all influenced by general stock market conditions. The performance of a stock mutual fund is dependent on the general movements in stock prices. When the stock market is weak, prices of stocks held by a stock fund decrease, and the NAV of the fund declines as well. This susceptibility to the stock market is often referred to as market risk. Focus on Ethics: Risk from Investing in Hedge Funds. Hedge funds sell shares to wealthy individuals and financial institutions and use the proceeds to invest in various securities. In this way, they serve a similar purpose to mutual funds. Yet they are structured as limited partnerships in which investors have little or no control of the company s management. Also note that hedge funds are not regulated by the SEC. While they strive to earn very high returns, they tend to make very risky investments that can lead to extremely poor returns. Hedge funds may invest not only in risky stocks, but in a wide variety of investments including silver or other metals. They may take a short position in a stock by selling thousands of shares of a stock that it does not own. If this stock s price declines, the funds will earn a high return. But if the stock s price rises, it will experience a large loss. Hedge funds also commonly buy stocks on margin by supporting their investment with borrowed funds. This strategy will increase the magnitude of the gain or the loss on the investment.

15 RETURN AND RISK OF A MUTUAL FUND 481 Exhibit 17.3 Return in 1999 (%) Comparison of Returns among Types of Mutual Funds Equity Income Growth & Income Growth Small-Cap Mid-Cap International Science & Technology Return in 2002 (%) % 10% 20 19% 21% 30 25% 40 41% 50 Note: The 2002 return is estimated over the year ending July 10, In the past, hedge funds had required a minimum investment of $1 million, so most individuals were unable to invest in them. Recently, some mini-hedge funds have been created, which allow individuals to invest with a minimum of $50,000. Keep in mind that the fees for investing in hedge funds are very high and the hedge fund management can be suspect. Some former mutual fund managers barred from managing mutual funds by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as a result of fraudulent behavior have shifted over to managing hedge funds, where SEC rules are not applied. While many hedge funds are managed by credible managers, most hedge funds are very risky. Do not consider investing in hedge funds unless you will not need the money for other purposes in the future and fully recognize the risk involved.

16 482 I N V E S T I N G I N M U T U A L F U N D S TRADEOFF BETWEEN EXPECTED RETURN AND RISK OF STOCK FUNDS Some investors are willing to tolerate risk from investing in a stock mutual fund when they expect that the mutual fund may offer a very high return. The tradeoff between the expected return and risk of a stock mutual fund is shown in Exhibit On the conservative side, a stock index fund that represents a very broad index of stocks will perform similar to the market in general. Thus, its expected return is somewhat limited, but so is its risk. A growth stock fund offers potential for higher returns than a broad index fund, but it also has more risk (more potential for a large decline in value). A fund that invests only in growth stocks within one sector (such as a technology fund) has potential for a very high return, but also exhibits high risk. A fund that invests in growth stocks of small firms in a small foreign country has even more potential return and risk. RISK FROM INVESTING IN A BOND MUTUAL FUND Although different types of bond mutual funds will experience different performance levels in a given time period, they are all influenced by general bond Exhibit 17.4 Tradeoff between Expected Return and Risk Potential Return Foreign Growth Stock Fund Focused on One Small Country Internet Sector Fund Global Stock Fund Capital Appreciation Fund Growth Stock Fund Balanced Growth and Income Fund Income Fund (Contains Stocks That Pay High Dividends) Index Fund (Representing a Broad Index) Risk

17 RETURN AND RISK OF A MUTUAL FUND 483 interest rate risk For a bond mutual fund, its susceptibility to interest rate movements. market conditions. The performance of a bond mutual fund is dependent on the general movements in interest rates. When interest rates rise, prices of bonds held by a bond fund decrease, and the NAV of the fund declines. This susceptibility to interest rate movements is often referred to as interest rate risk. The prices of all bonds change in response to interest rate movements, but the prices of longer-term bonds are the most sensitive, as discussed in Chapter 16. Thus, investors who want to reduce exposure to interest rate movements can select a bond fund focusing on bonds with short terms to maturity. Conversely, investors who want to capitalize on an expected decline in interest rate movements can select a bond fund that focuses on long-term bonds. The performance of many bond mutual funds is also dependent on the default risk of the individual bond holdings. Bond funds that invest most of their money in bonds with a high degree of default risk tend to offer a higher potential return to investors, but also exhibit a high degree of risk. Under favorable economic conditions, the issuers of those bonds may be able to cover their payments, and these bond funds will consequently perform very well. If economic conditions are weak, however, some of the bond issuers may default on their payments, and these bond funds will provide relatively low or even negative returns to their shareholders. The exposure of a bond fund to default risk is independent of its exposure to interest rate risk, as illustrated in Exhibit Some bond funds, such as long-term Treasury bond funds and long-term Ginnie Mae bond funds, have no (or low) default risk and a high level of interest rate risk. Other bond funds, such as short-term high-yield bond funds, have a low level of interest rate risk and a high level of default risk. Some bond funds, such as long-term high-yield bond funds, are highly exposed to both default risk and interest rate risk. Exhibit 17.5 Classifying Bond Mutual Funds According to Interest Rate Risk and Default Risk Interest Rate Risk of Bond Funds High Long-Term T-Bond Fund Long-Term Ginnie Mae Fund Long-Term Corporate Bond Fund Long-Term High-Yield Bond Fund Moderate Medium-Term T-Bond Fund Medium-Term Ginnie Mae Fund Medium-Term Corporate Bond Fund Medium-Term High-Yield Bond Fund Low Short-Term T-Bond Fund Short-Term Ginnie Mae Fund Short-Term Corporate Bond Fund Short-Term High-Yield Bond Fund Low Moderate High Default Risk of Bond Funds

18 484 I N V E S T I N G I N M U T U A L F U N D S Exhibit 17.6 Tradeoff between Expected Return and Risk of Bond Mutual Funds Potential Return Short-Term T-Bond Fund Long-Term High-Yield Bond Fund Focused on One Foreign Country Long-Term Global Bond Fund Long-Term High-Yield Bond Fund Long-Term Ginnie Mae Fund Long-Term T-Bond Fund Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Fund Intermediate-Term Ginnie Mae Fund Intermediate-Term T-Bond Fund Short-Term Corporate Bond Fund Short-Term Ginnie Mae Fund Risk TRADEOFF BETWEEN EXPECTED RETURN AND RISK OF BOND FUNDS The tradeoff between the expected return and the risk of a bond mutual fund is shown in Exhibit On the conservative side, a Treasury bond fund that holds Treasury bonds with a short term remaining until maturity has no exposure to default risk and limited exposure to interest rate risk. Thus, the prices of the bonds it holds are not very sensitive to external forces, so the NAV of the fund will not be very sensitive to these forces. The expected return on this fund is relatively low, however. An intermediate-term Ginnie Mae bond fund offers the potential for a higher return. Its bonds have a slight degree of default risk, however, and the intermediate term to maturity causes more exposure to interest rate risk than short terms to maturity. A high-yield bond fund that invests only in junk bonds with long terms to maturity has the potential for a very high return. Its value is subject to default risk, however, because the junk bonds could default. It is also subject to a high level of interest rate risk because of the long-term maturities. A bond fund that invests in bonds issued by risky firms in a small foreign country has even more potential return and risk. DECIDING AMONG MUTUAL FUNDS Your decision to purchase shares of a specific mutual fund should be made once you determine your investment objectives, evaluate your risk tolerance, and decide the fund characteristics that you want. The final step is to search for mutual funds that exhibit those desired characteristics.

19 DECIDING AMONG MUTUAL FUNDS 485 DETERMINING YOUR PREFERRED MUTUAL FUND CHARACTERISTICS When identifying the type of mutual fund you want, you will want to consider various fund characteristics. Minimum Initial Investment. If you have a relatively small amount to invest (such as $1,000), you should limit your choices to mutual funds whose initial investment is equal to or below that level. Many funds allow an even smaller initial investment if the account is funded with a systematic investment plan, whereby you make a regular monthly investment in your account. Investment Objective (Type of Fund). You must identify your investment goals. First, determine whether you are interested in a stock mutual fund or a bond mutual fund. If you want your investment to have high potential for increasing in value over time, you should consider capital appreciation funds. If you want periodic income, you should consider bond funds. Once you select a stock fund or a bond fund, you should select the particular type of fund that will match your investment objective. Funds vary according to their potential return and their risk, as mentioned earlier. Investment Company. Whatever your investment objective, there are probably many investment companies that offer a suitable fund. One way to choose an investment company is by assessing the past performance of the type of mutual funds you are considering. Past performance is not necessarily a good indicator of future performance, however. A better approach may be to compare fees and expenses on the funds you are considering. You may want to screen your list of funds by removing the load funds from consideration. In addition, you should compare the funds expense ratios, since some investment companies charge much lower expenses than others. prospectus A document that provides financial information about a mutual fund, including expenses and past performance. investment objective In a prospectus, a brief statement about the general goal of the mutual fund. investment strategy In a prospectus, a summary of the types of securities that are purchased by the mutual fund in order to achieve its objective. REVIEWING A MUTUAL FUND S PROSPECTUS For any mutual fund that you consider, you should obtain a prospectus, which is a document that provides financial information about the fund, including expenses and past performance. You can order the prospectus from the mutual fund company over the phone, by , or over the Internet in some cases. In fact, you may be able to download the prospectus from the Internet. The prospectus contains considerable information, as described in the next paragraphs. Investment Objective. The investment objective is a brief statement about the general goal of the fund, such as capital appreciation (increase in value) of stocks or achieving returns that exceed that of the S&P 500 or some other index. Investment Strategy. The investment strategy (also called investment policy) summarizes the types of securities that are purchased by the mutual fund in order to achieve its objective. For example, a fund s investment strategy may be to focus on large stocks, technology stocks, stocks that have a high level of growth, foreign stocks, Treasury bonds, corporate bonds, or other securities.

20 486 I N V E S T I N G I N M U T U A L F U N D S Past Performance. The prospectus will include the return on the fund over recent periods (such as the last year, the last three years, and the last five years). The performance is normally compared to a corresponding stock index (such as the S&P 500) or bond index, which is important since performance should be based on a comparison to general market movements. A stock mutual fund that earned a 15 percent annual return would normally be rated as a high performer, but during the late 1990s such a return would have been relatively low when compared to the stock market in general. Although the past performance offers some insight into the ability of the fund s managers to select stocks, it will not necessarily persist in the future. Fees and Expenses. The prospectus will provide a breakdown of the following fees and expenses: The maximum load imposed on purchases of the fund s shares. The redemption fee or back-end load (if any) imposed when investors redeem their shares. Expenses incurred by the fund, including management fees resulting from monitoring the fund s portfolio, distribution fees resulting from the fund s advertising costs, and marketing costs that are paid to brokers who recommend the fund to investors. A fund can be classified as a no-load fund and yet still have substantial advertising and marketing fees. The most important expense statistic mentioned in the prospectus is the expense ratio. Since it adjusts for the size of the fund, you can compare the efficiency of various mutual funds. The expense ratio may also be converted into the actual expenses that you would be charged if you had invested a specified amount in the fund (such as $1,000). The expense ratio may be as low as 0.1 percent for some funds and more than 4.0 percent for others. Expense ratios can change over time, so you should monitor them over time when investing in a mutual fund. Risk. The prospectus of a stock fund typically states that the fund is subject to market risk, or the possibility of a general decline in the stock market, which can cause a decline in the value of the mutual fund. In addition, the prices of individual stocks within the fund may experience substantial declines in response to firm-specific problems. Bond funds normally mention their exposure to interest rate risk and default risk. These risks are stated so that investors understand that there is some uncertainty surrounding the future performance of the mutual fund and that the value of the mutual fund can decline over time. Distribution of Dividends and Capital Gains. The prospectus explains how frequently the mutual fund makes distributions to investors. Most funds distribute their dividends to their shareholders on a quarterly basis and distribute

21 DECIDING AMONG MUTUAL FUNDS Financial Planning Online: Mutual Fund Reports Go to: Click on: Funds. This Web site provides: a report for a mutual fund that you specify. This report allows you to review key characteristics about the fund, including its performance and expenses. their capital gains once a year (usually in December). The prospectus also describes the means by which dividends and capital gains are distributed. Minimum Investment and Minimum Balance. The prospectus states the minimum investment that can be made in the fund. In addition, it may require that you maintain a minimum balance, as it is costly for a fund to maintain an account that has a very small balance. How to Buy or Redeem Shares. The prospectus explains how you can invest in the fund by sending in a check along with a completed application form (which is normally attached to the prospectus). If the mutual fund is part of a family of funds operated by a single investment company, the prospectus explains how you can call the investment company to transfer money from one fund to another within the family. The prospectus also explains how you can sell your shares back to the mutual fund. Normally you can send a letter asking the fund to redeem your shares. In some cases, you may be able to call the investment company to redeem your shares. MAKING THE DECISION Once you have screened your list down to a small number of possible mutual funds, you can create a table to compare the important characteristics. This process will help you select the mutual fund that will best satisfy your preferences.

Bond Mutual Funds. a guide to. A bond mutual fund is an investment company. that pools money from shareholders and invests

Bond Mutual Funds. a guide to. A bond mutual fund is an investment company. that pools money from shareholders and invests a guide to Bond Mutual Funds A bond mutual fund is an investment company that pools money from shareholders and invests primarily in a diversified portfolio of bonds. Table of Contents What Is a Bond?...

More information

Financial Markets and Institutions Abridged 10 th Edition

Financial Markets and Institutions Abridged 10 th Edition Financial Markets and Institutions Abridged 10 th Edition by Jeff Madura 1 23 Mutual Fund Operations Chapter Objectives provide a background on mutual funds describe the various types of stock and bond

More information

T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2030 Fund Advisor Class

T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2030 Fund Advisor Class T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2030 Fund Advisor Class Supplement to Summary Prospectus Dated October 1, 2015 Effective February 1, 2016, the T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Index Fund and the T. Rowe Price Small-Cap

More information

Retirement Balanced Fund

Retirement Balanced Fund SUMMARY PROSPECTUS TRRIX October 1, 2015 T. Rowe Price Retirement Balanced Fund A fund designed for retired investors seeking capital growth and income through investments in a combination of T. Rowe Price

More information

Closed-End Funds. A closed-end fund is a type of investment company. whose shares are listed on a stock exchange

Closed-End Funds. A closed-end fund is a type of investment company. whose shares are listed on a stock exchange a guide to Closed-End Funds A closed-end fund is a type of investment company whose shares are listed on a stock exchange or are traded in the over-the-counter market. Contents What Is a Closed-End Fund?...2

More information

ALLOCATION STRATEGIES A, C, & I SHARES PROSPECTUS August 1, 2015

ALLOCATION STRATEGIES A, C, & I SHARES PROSPECTUS August 1, 2015 ALLOCATION STRATEGIES A, C, & I SHARES PROSPECTUS August 1, 2015 Investment Adviser: RidgeWorth Investments A Shares C Shares I Shares Aggressive Growth Allocation Strategy SLAAX CLVLX CVMGX Conservative

More information

A GUIDE TO MUTUAL FUND INVESTING

A GUIDE TO MUTUAL FUND INVESTING Many investors turn to mutual funds to meet their long-term financial goals. They offer the benefits of diversification and professional management and are seen as an easy and efficient way to invest.

More information

Net Asset Value (NAV) Classification of Mutual Funds. Load Funds and No-Load Funds. Classification of Mutual Funds

Net Asset Value (NAV) Classification of Mutual Funds. Load Funds and No-Load Funds. Classification of Mutual Funds CHAPTER 16 Why Investors Purchase Mutual Funds Investing in Mutual Funds Personal Finance 7e Kapoor Dlabay Hughes Professional management. Who is the fund s manager? Managers can change. Diversification.

More information

FREE MARKET U.S. EQUITY FUND FREE MARKET INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND FREE MARKET FIXED INCOME FUND of THE RBB FUND, INC. PROSPECTUS.

FREE MARKET U.S. EQUITY FUND FREE MARKET INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND FREE MARKET FIXED INCOME FUND of THE RBB FUND, INC. PROSPECTUS. FREE MARKET U.S. EQUITY FUND FREE MARKET INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND FREE MARKET FIXED INCOME FUND of THE RBB FUND, INC. PROSPECTUS December 31, 2014 Investment Adviser: MATSON MONEY, INC. 5955 Deerfield

More information

Prospectus Socially Responsible Funds

Prospectus Socially Responsible Funds Prospectus Socially Responsible Funds Calvert Social Investment Fund (CSIF) Balanced Portfolio Equity Portfolio Enhanced Equity Portfolio Bond Portfolio Money Market Portfolio Calvert Social Index Fund

More information

DFA INVESTMENT DIMENSIONS GROUP INC.

DFA INVESTMENT DIMENSIONS GROUP INC. PROSPECTUS February 28, 2015 Please carefully read the important information it contains before investing. DFA INVESTMENT DIMENSIONS GROUP INC. DFA ONE-YEAR FIXED INCOME PORTFOLIO Ticker: DFIHX DFA TWO-YEAR

More information

Unit Investment Trusts

Unit Investment Trusts a guide to Unit Investment Trusts A unit investment trust (UIT) is a registered investment company that buys and holds a generally fixed portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other securities. Table of Contents

More information

INVESTING EFFECTIVELY TO HELP MEET YOUR GOALS. MUTUAL FUNDS

INVESTING EFFECTIVELY TO HELP MEET YOUR GOALS. MUTUAL FUNDS { } INVESTING EFFECTIVELY TO HELP MEET YOUR GOALS. MUTUAL FUNDS 1 MUTUAL FUNDS: STRENGTH IN NUMBERS You like to think about retirement; that time when you will be able to relax and enjoy life the way it

More information

Fund Types. Mutual Funds. Chapter 4 Mutual Funds. Mutual Funds. Mutual Funds. Investment Companies and Fund Types

Fund Types. Mutual Funds. Chapter 4 Mutual Funds. Mutual Funds. Mutual Funds. Investment Companies and Fund Types Chapter 4 Mutual Funds 4 Mutual Funds Investment Companies and Fund Types Mutual Fund Operations Mutual Fund Costs and Fees Short-Term Funds Long-Term Funds Mutual Fund Performance Closed-End Funds and

More information

Balanced Fund RPBAX. T. Rowe Price SUMMARY PROSPECTUS

Balanced Fund RPBAX. T. Rowe Price SUMMARY PROSPECTUS SUMMARY PROSPECTUS RPBAX May 1, 2016 T. Rowe Price Balanced Fund A fund seeking capital growth and current income through a portfolio of approximately 65% stocks and 35% fixed income securities. Before

More information

Learn about exchange-traded funds. Investor education

Learn about exchange-traded funds. Investor education Learn about exchange-traded funds Investor education Become a more knowledgeable exchange-traded funds investor In this education guide, you ll get answers to common questions about exchange-traded funds,

More information

BOND FUNDS L SHARES. October 1, 2004

BOND FUNDS L SHARES. October 1, 2004 BOND FUNDS A SHARES L SHARES October 1, 2004 CLASSIC INSTITUTIONAL U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES SUPER SHORT INCOME PLUS FUND FLORIDA TAX-EXEMPT BOND FUND GEORGIA TAX-EXEMPT BOND FUND HIGH INCOME FUND INVESTMENT

More information

Mutual Fund Investing Exam Study Guide

Mutual Fund Investing Exam Study Guide Mutual Fund Investing Exam Study Guide This document contains the questions that will be included in the final exam, in the order that they will be asked. When you have studied the course materials, reviewed

More information

Brown Advisory Strategic Bond Fund Class/Ticker: Institutional Shares / (Not Available for Sale)

Brown Advisory Strategic Bond Fund Class/Ticker: Institutional Shares / (Not Available for Sale) Summary Prospectus October 30, 2015 Brown Advisory Strategic Bond Fund Class/Ticker: Institutional Shares / (Not Available for Sale) Before you invest, you may want to review the Fund s Prospectus, which

More information

1 2 3 4 5 6 Say that you need to generate $4,000 per month in retirement and $1,000 will come from social security and you have no other pension. This leaves $3,000 per month, or $36,000 per year, that

More information

Leader Short-Term Bond Fund. Leader Total Return Fund

Leader Short-Term Bond Fund. Leader Total Return Fund Leader Short-Term Bond Fund Institutional Shares: Investor Shares: Class A Shares: Class C Shares: LCCIX LCCMX LCAMX LCMCX Leader Total Return Fund Institutional Shares: Investor Shares: Class A Shares:

More information

Client Education. Learn About Exchange-Traded Funds

Client Education. Learn About Exchange-Traded Funds Client Education Learn About Exchange-Traded Funds 2 What is an ETF? 6 How do ETFs work? 12 How do ETFs compare with other investments? 2 Exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, are attracting more and more attention

More information

Investing. Mutual Fund. ABC Company 123 Main Street Anywhere, USA 12345 www.sampleabccompany.com 800.123.4567

Investing. Mutual Fund. ABC Company 123 Main Street Anywhere, USA 12345 www.sampleabccompany.com 800.123.4567 Mutual Fund Investing Your promotional imprint here and/or back cover. ABC Company 123 Main Street Anywhere, USA 12345 www.sampleabccompany.com 800.123.4567 Mutual funds are one of the most popular ways

More information

Putnam Convertible Securities Fund

Putnam Convertible Securities Fund FUND SYMBOLS CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C CLASS M CLASS R CLASS Y PCONX PCNBX PRCCX PCNMX PCVRX PCGYX Putnam Convertible Securities Fund Summary prospectus 2 28 15 Putnam Convertible Securities Fund Before

More information

Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies. Chapter 4

Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies. Chapter 4 Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies Chapter 4 Investment Companies financial intermediaries that collect funds from individual investors and invest in a portfolio of assets shares = claims to portfolio

More information

Personal Finance - A Guide to the Different Types

Personal Finance - A Guide to the Different Types FIN 3210 Personal Finance 1 Starting a Brokerage Account Full service brokers Discount brokers Deep-discount brokers Online brokers Investor Protection Security Investors Protection Corporation (SIPC):

More information

Emerging Markets Bond Fund Emerging Markets Corporate Bond Fund Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund International Bond Fund

Emerging Markets Bond Fund Emerging Markets Corporate Bond Fund Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund International Bond Fund PROSPECTUS PREMX TRECX PRELX RPIBX T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Bond Fund Emerging Markets Corporate Bond Fund Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund International Bond Fund May 1, 2016 A choice of

More information

T. Rowe Price International Bond Fund T. Rowe Price International Bond Fund Advisor Class

T. Rowe Price International Bond Fund T. Rowe Price International Bond Fund Advisor Class T. Rowe Price International Bond Fund T. Rowe Price International Bond Fund Advisor Class Supplement to Prospectuses Dated May 1, 2015 In section 1, the portfolio manager table under Management with respect

More information

Mutual Fund Basics. Types of mutual funds. What are the benefits of investing in a mutual fund?

Mutual Fund Basics. Types of mutual funds. What are the benefits of investing in a mutual fund? EBNY Financial, LLC Kevin Kautzmann, CFP Certified Financial Planner 80 Fifth Avenue #1403 New York, NY 212-269-2625 kevin@ebnyfinancial.com www.ebnyfinancial.com Mutual Fund Basics Page 1 of 5, see disclaimer

More information

Nuveen Intelligent Risk Conservative Allocation Fund will be liquidated after the close of business on June 24, 2016.

Nuveen Intelligent Risk Conservative Allocation Fund will be liquidated after the close of business on June 24, 2016. NUVEEN INTELLIGENT RISK CONSERVATIVE ALLOCATION FUND SUPPLEMENT DATED APRIL 18, 2016 TO THE SUMMARY PROSPECTUS DATED DECEMBER 31, 2015 Nuveen Intelligent Risk Conservative Allocation Fund will be liquidated

More information

Nuveen NWQ Global Equity Income Fund

Nuveen NWQ Global Equity Income Fund Nuveen NWQ Global Equity Income Fund Summary Prospectus October 30, 2015, as supplemented June 1, 2016 Ticker: Class A NQGAX, Class C NQGCX, Class I NQGIX This summary prospectus is designed to provide

More information

Important Information about Closed-End Funds and Unit Investment Trusts

Important Information about Closed-End Funds and Unit Investment Trusts Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated Important Information about Closed-End Funds and Unit Investment Trusts Baird has prepared this document to help you understand the characteristics and risks associated

More information

Investments 11 - Final Investment Plan Questions & Answers

Investments 11 - Final Investment Plan Questions & Answers Personal Finance: Another Perspective Investments 11 - Final Investment Plan Questions & Answers Updated 2013-11-04 11 Questions 1. How do I set up an investment account? 2. What is the difference between

More information

Spectrum of Investment Options

Spectrum of Investment Options Kentucky Deferred Comp Spectrum of Investment Options Your guide to available investment options. Tier 1 Target Date Funds, Balanced Fund Target Date Funds Vanguard Target Retirement Funds (in five-year

More information

Marblehead Financial Services

Marblehead Financial Services Marblehead Financial Services Bill Bartin, CFP Located at Marblehead Bank 21 Atlantic Avenue Marblehead, MA 01945 781-476-0600 781-715-4629 wbartin@infinexgroup.com Mutual Funds Page 1 of 7, see disclaimer

More information

1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years

1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years Summary Prospectus Gerstein Fisher Multi-Factor International Growth Equity Fund Trading Symbol: GFIGX March 30, 2015 Before you invest, you may want to review the Fund s prospectus, which contains more

More information

Seix Total Return Bond Fund

Seix Total Return Bond Fund Summary Prospectus Seix Total Return Bond Fund AUGUST 1, 2015 (AS REVISED FEBRUARY 1, 2016) Class / Ticker Symbol A / CBPSX R / SCBLX I / SAMFX IS / SAMZX Before you invest, you may want to review the

More information

INVESTMENT TERM GLOSSARY

INVESTMENT TERM GLOSSARY A Accrued Interest - Interest that has been earned but not yet credited to a bond or other fixed-income investment, such as a certificate of deposit. Active Management The use of professional investment

More information

New Horizons Fund PRNHX. T. Rowe Price SUMMARY PROSPECTUS

New Horizons Fund PRNHX. T. Rowe Price SUMMARY PROSPECTUS SUMMARY PROSPECTUS PRNHX May 1, 2015 T. Rowe Price New Horizons Fund An aggressive stock fund seeking long-term capital growth primarily through investments in small, rapidly growing companies. Before

More information

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE The Fund s investment objective is to generate current income consistent with preservation of capital.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE The Fund s investment objective is to generate current income consistent with preservation of capital. SUMMARY PROSPECTUS January 31, 2013 AllianceBernstein Global Bond Fund Ticker: Class A ANAGX; Class B ANABX; Class C ANACX; Advisor Class ANAYX; Class R ANARX; Class K ANAKX; Class I ANAIX Before you invest,

More information

Vanguard Target Retirement Funds

Vanguard Target Retirement Funds Vanguard Target Retirement Funds Supplement to the Prospectus Dated January 27, 2014 Prospectus Text Changes The Average Annual Total Returns table for Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund is replaced

More information

Catalyst/Princeton Floating Rate Income Fund Class A: CFRAX Class C: CFRCX Class I: CFRIX SUMMARY PROSPECTUS NOVEMBER 1, 2015

Catalyst/Princeton Floating Rate Income Fund Class A: CFRAX Class C: CFRCX Class I: CFRIX SUMMARY PROSPECTUS NOVEMBER 1, 2015 Catalyst/Princeton Floating Rate Income Fund Class A: CFRAX Class C: CFRCX Class I: CFRIX SUMMARY PROSPECTUS NOVEMBER 1, 2015 Before you invest, you may want to review the Fund s complete prospectus, which

More information

Slide 2. What is Investing?

Slide 2. What is Investing? Slide 1 Investments Investment choices can be overwhelming if you don t do your homework. There s the potential for significant gain, but also the potential for significant loss. In this module, you ll

More information

UNDERSTANDING CLOSED-END FUNDS

UNDERSTANDING CLOSED-END FUNDS Lessons in Investing for Income UNDERSTANDING CLOSED-END FUNDS Income is one of investors most common goals but one not easily achieved, especially in today s low-yielding environment. That s why investors

More information

Supplement to the Prospectus and Summary Prospectuses Dated April 28, 2015

Supplement to the Prospectus and Summary Prospectuses Dated April 28, 2015 Vanguard Large-Cap ETF Vanguard Growth ETF Vanguard Value ETF Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth ETF Vanguard Mid-Cap Value ETF Vanguard Small-Cap ETF Vanguard Small-Cap Growth ETF Vanguard Small-Cap

More information

A guide to investing in cash alternatives

A guide to investing in cash alternatives A guide to investing in cash alternatives What you should know before you buy Wells Fargo Advisors wants to help you invest in cash alternative products that are suitable for you based on your investment

More information

City National Rochdale High Yield Bond Fund a series of City National Rochdale Funds

City National Rochdale High Yield Bond Fund a series of City National Rochdale Funds City National Rochdale High Yield Bond Fund a series of City National Rochdale Funds SUMMARY PROSPECTUS DATED JANUARY 31, 2015, AS SUPPLEMENTED MAY 1, 2015 Class: Institutional Class Servicing Class Class

More information

Mutual Fund Basics TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF INVESTING IN A MUTUAL FUND?

Mutual Fund Basics TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF INVESTING IN A MUTUAL FUND? Mutual Fund Basics A mutual fund pools the money of many investors to purchase securities. The fund s manager buys securities to pursue a stated investment strategy. By investing in the fund, you ll own

More information

Spectrum Growth Fund Spectrum Income Fund Spectrum International Fund

Spectrum Growth Fund Spectrum Income Fund Spectrum International Fund PROSPECTUS PRSGX RPSIX PSILX T. Rowe Price Spectrum Growth Fund Spectrum Income Fund Spectrum International Fund May 1, 2016 Three broadly diversified growth, income, and international funds that invest

More information

An Overview of the US Closed-End Fund Market. By Paul Mazzilli

An Overview of the US Closed-End Fund Market. By Paul Mazzilli An Overview of the US Closed-End Fund Market By Paul Mazzilli Introduction Closed-end funds (CEFs) are professionally managed investment companies that offer investors various unique benefits. They offer

More information

Mutual Funds. A Guide for Investors. Information is an investor s best tool

Mutual Funds. A Guide for Investors. Information is an investor s best tool Mutual Funds A Guide for Investors Information is an investor s best tool Mutual Funds Over the past decade, American investors increasingly have turned to mutual funds to save for retirement and other

More information

Nine Questions Every ETF Investor Should Ask Before Investing

Nine Questions Every ETF Investor Should Ask Before Investing Nine Questions Every ETF Investor Should Ask Before Investing UnderstandETFs.org Copyright 2012 by the Investment Company Institute. All rights reserved. ICI permits use of this publication in any way,

More information

INVESTMENT DICTIONARY

INVESTMENT DICTIONARY INVESTMENT DICTIONARY Annual Report An annual report is a document that offers information about the company s activities and operations and contains financial details, cash flow statement, profit and

More information

With interest rates at historically low levels, and the U.S. economy showing continued strength,

With interest rates at historically low levels, and the U.S. economy showing continued strength, Managing Interest Rate Risk in Your Bond Holdings THE RIGHT STRATEGY MAY HELP FIXED INCOME PORTFOLIOS DURING PERIODS OF RISING INTEREST RATES. With interest rates at historically low levels, and the U.S.

More information

STEWARD FUNDS MANAGING WEALTH, PROTECTING VALUES SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE SCREENED FUNDS. PROSPECTUS August 28, 2015

STEWARD FUNDS MANAGING WEALTH, PROTECTING VALUES SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE SCREENED FUNDS. PROSPECTUS August 28, 2015 STEWARD FUNDS MANAGING WEALTH, PROTECTING VALUES SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE SCREENED FUNDS Steward Large Cap Enhanced Index Fund Individual Class SEEKX Institutional Class SEECX Steward Small-Mid Cap Enhanced

More information

TD Mutual Funds Fund Profiles

TD Mutual Funds Fund Profiles TD Mutual Funds Fund Profiles U.S. Equity Funds TD North American Dividend Fund TD U.S. Blue Chip Equity Fund TD U. S. Quantitative Equity Fund TD U.S. Large-Cap Value Fund TD U.S. Large-Cap Value Currency

More information

T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio

T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio Supplement to Summary Prospectus Dated May 1, 2014 The portfolio manager table under Management is supplemented as follows: Effective April 1, 2015, Richard

More information

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) July 31, 2015 SUMMARY PROSPECTUS SAAT Core Market Strategy Allocation Fund (SKTAX) Class A Before you invest, you may want to review the Fund s prospectus, which contains information about the Fund and

More information

Nuveen Tactical Market Opportunities Fund

Nuveen Tactical Market Opportunities Fund Nuveen Tactical Market Opportunities Fund Summary Prospectus January 29, 2016 Ticker: Class A NTMAX, Class C NTMCX, Class I FGTYX This summary prospectus is designed to provide investors with key Fund

More information

Evergreen INSTITUTIONAL MONEY MARKET FUNDS. Prospectus July 1, 2009

Evergreen INSTITUTIONAL MONEY MARKET FUNDS. Prospectus July 1, 2009 Evergreen INSTITUTIONAL MONEY MARKET FUNDS Prospectus July 1, 2009 Evergreen Institutional 100% Treasury Money Market Fund Evergreen Institutional Money Market Fund Evergreen Institutional Municipal Money

More information

BRANDES. Brandes Core Plus Fixed Income Fund Class A BCPAX Class E BCPEX Class I BCPIX. Brandes Credit Focus Yield Fund Class A BCFAX Class I BCFIX

BRANDES. Brandes Core Plus Fixed Income Fund Class A BCPAX Class E BCPEX Class I BCPIX. Brandes Credit Focus Yield Fund Class A BCFAX Class I BCFIX BRANDES Brandes Core Plus Fixed Income Fund Class A BCPAX Class E BCPEX Class I BCPIX Brandes Credit Focus Yield Fund Class A BCFAX Class I BCFIX Prospectus January 30, 2015 The U.S. Securities and Exchange

More information

Contents. 1 Asset allocation 2 Sub-asset allocation 3 Active/passive combinations 4 Asset location

Contents. 1 Asset allocation 2 Sub-asset allocation 3 Active/passive combinations 4 Asset location ETF Strategies Contents Why ETFs? Strategic uses for ETFs 1 Asset allocation 2 Sub-asset allocation 3 Active/passive combinations 4 Asset location Tactical uses for ETFs 1 Portfolio completion 2 Cash

More information

Federated New York Municipal Income Fund

Federated New York Municipal Income Fund Summary Prospectus October 31, 2015 Share Class A B Ticker NYIFX NYIBX Federated New York Municipal Income Fund A Portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust Before you invest, you may want

More information

Vanguard U.S. Stock ETFs Prospectus

Vanguard U.S. Stock ETFs Prospectus Vanguard U.S. Stock ETFs Prospectus April 27, 2016 Exchange-traded fund shares that are not individually redeemable and are listed on NYSE Arca Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund ETF Shares (VTI) Vanguard

More information

Investment Objective. Expense Example

Investment Objective. Expense Example The Gabelli ABC Fund A series of Gabelli Investor Funds, Inc. SUMMARY PROSPECTUS April 29, 2016 Class AAA (GABCX), Advisor Class (GADVX) Before you invest, you may want to review the Fund s Prospectus

More information

GNMA Fund PRGMX. T. Rowe Price SUMMARY PROSPECTUS

GNMA Fund PRGMX. T. Rowe Price SUMMARY PROSPECTUS SUMMARY PROSPECTUS PRGMX October 1, 2015 T. Rowe Price GNMA Fund A bond fund seeking income and high overall credit quality through investments in mortgage-backed securities issued by the Government National

More information

RETIREMENT INSIGHTS. Is It Time to Rebalance Your Plan Investments? Mutual Fund Categories: A Primer for New Investors

RETIREMENT INSIGHTS. Is It Time to Rebalance Your Plan Investments? Mutual Fund Categories: A Primer for New Investors RETIREMENT INSIGHTS July 2014 Your HFS Team Heffernan Financial Services 188 Spear Street, Suite 550 San Francisco, CA 94105 800-437-0045 rebeccat@heffgroup.com www.heffgroupfs.com CA Insurance Lic# 0I18899

More information

Balanced fund: A mutual fund with a mix of stocks and bonds. It offers safety of principal, regular income and modest growth.

Balanced fund: A mutual fund with a mix of stocks and bonds. It offers safety of principal, regular income and modest growth. Wealth for Life Glossary Aggressive growth fund: A mutual fund that aims for the highest capital gains. They often invest in smaller emerging companies that offer maximum growth potential. Adjustable Rate

More information

Lord Abbett High Yield Fund

Lord Abbett High Yield Fund SUMMARY PROSPECTUS Lord Abbett High Yield Fund APRIL 1, 2015 CLASS/TICKER CLASS A... LHYAX CLASS I... LAHYX CLASS R4... TBD CLASS B... LHYBX CLASS P... LHYPX CLASS R5... TBD CLASS C... LHYCX CLASS R2...

More information

Mutual Funds Page 1 MUTUAL FUND BASICS

Mutual Funds Page 1 MUTUAL FUND BASICS Mutual Funds Page 1 MUTUAL FUND BASICS CHOOSING A MUTUAL FUND REQUIRES CAREFUL THINKING ABOUT NUMEROUS FACTORS. THE MOST IMPORTANT OF THESE TO CONSIDER INCLUDE YOUR INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, RISK TOLERANCE

More information

Nuveen Real Estate Securities Fund

Nuveen Real Estate Securities Fund Nuveen Real Estate Securities Fund Summary Prospectus April 30, 2015 Ticker: Class A FREAX, Class C FRLCX, Class R3 FRSSX, Class R6 FREGX, Class I FARCX This summary prospectus is designed to provide investors

More information

Glossary of Investment Terms

Glossary of Investment Terms online report consulting group Glossary of Investment Terms glossary of terms actively managed investment Relies on the expertise of a portfolio manager to choose the investment s holdings in an attempt

More information

SPDR S&P 400 Mid Cap Value ETF

SPDR S&P 400 Mid Cap Value ETF SPDR S&P 400 Mid Cap Value ETF Summary Prospectus-October 31, 2015 Before you invest in the SPDR S&P 400 Mid Cap Value ETF (the Fund ), you may want to review the Fund's prospectus and statement of additional

More information

Target Retirement Funds

Target Retirement Funds Prospectus March 1, 2015 Target Retirement Funds Institutional Class Administrative Class Investor Class Harbor Target Retirement Income Fund HARAX HARBX HARCX Harbor Target Retirement 2015 Fund HARGX

More information

Institutional U.S. Structured Research Fund

Institutional U.S. Structured Research Fund PROSPECTUS TRISX May 1, 2012 T. Rowe Price Institutional U.S. Structured Research Fund A diversified equity fund seeking long-term capital growth through investments in U.S. common stocks. The Securities

More information

SPDR Wells Fargo Preferred Stock ETF

SPDR Wells Fargo Preferred Stock ETF SPDR Wells Fargo Preferred Stock ETF Summary Prospectus-October 31, 2015 PSK (NYSE Ticker) Before you invest in the SPDR Wells Fargo Preferred Stock ETF (the Fund ), you may want to review the Fund's prospectus

More information

EAGLE CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND EAGLE SERIES TRUST Eagle Investment Grade Bond Fund

EAGLE CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND EAGLE SERIES TRUST Eagle Investment Grade Bond Fund EAGLE CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND EAGLE SERIES TRUST Eagle Investment Grade Bond Fund SUPPLEMENT DATED JUNE 26, 2015, TO THE PROSPECTUS AND SUMMARY PROSPECTUS DATED MARCH 1, 2015, AS SUPPLEMENTED APRIL 9,

More information

Investing in Bonds - An Introduction

Investing in Bonds - An Introduction Investing in Bonds - An Introduction By: Scott A. Bishop, CPA, CFP, and Director of Financial Planning What are bonds? Bonds, sometimes called debt instruments or fixed-income securities, are essentially

More information

Chapter 3 - Selecting Investments in a Global Market

Chapter 3 - Selecting Investments in a Global Market Chapter 3 - Selecting Investments in a Global Market Questions to be answered: Why should investors have a global perspective regarding their investments? What has happened to the relative size of U.S.

More information

Average Annualized Return as of 11/30/2015 1. YTD 1 Year 3 Years 5 Years

Average Annualized Return as of 11/30/2015 1. YTD 1 Year 3 Years 5 Years Investment Options at a glance Current performance may be lower or higher than performance data shown. Performance data quoted represents past performance and is not a guarantee or prediction of future

More information

Fund Name Class A Class B Class C Class I

Fund Name Class A Class B Class C Class I Mutual Funds Prospectus August 31, 2011 Nuveen Municipal Bond Funds Dependable, tax-free income because it s not what you earn, it s what you keep. Class / Ticker Symbol Fund Name Class A Class B Class

More information

Investment Companies

Investment Companies Mutual Funds Mutual Funds Investment companies Financial intermediaries that collect funds form individual investors and invest those funds in a potentially wide rande of securities or other asstes Polling

More information

Lecture Notes on MONEY, BANKING, AND FINANCIAL MARKETS. Peter N. Ireland Department of Economics Boston College. irelandp@bc.edu

Lecture Notes on MONEY, BANKING, AND FINANCIAL MARKETS. Peter N. Ireland Department of Economics Boston College. irelandp@bc.edu Lecture Notes on MONEY, BANKING, AND FINANCIAL MARKETS Peter N. Ireland Department of Economics Boston College irelandp@bc.edu http://www2.bc.edu/~irelandp/ec261.html Chapter 2: An Overview of the Financial

More information

investing mutual funds

investing mutual funds investing mutual funds our mission The mission of The USAA Educational Foundation is to help consumers make informed decisions by providing information on financial management, safety concerns and significant

More information

Deutsche Gold & Precious Metals Fund (formerly DWS Gold & Precious Metals Fund)

Deutsche Gold & Precious Metals Fund (formerly DWS Gold & Precious Metals Fund) Summary Prospectus March, 205 Deutsche Gold & Precious Metals Fund (formerly DWS Gold & Precious Metals Fund) Class/Ticker A SGDAX B SGDBX C SGDCX INST SGDIX S SCGDX Before you invest, you may want to

More information

Deutsche Latin America Equity Fund (formerly DWS Latin America Equity Fund)

Deutsche Latin America Equity Fund (formerly DWS Latin America Equity Fund) Summary Prospectus February 1, 2015 Deutsche Latin America Equity Fund (formerly DWS Latin America Equity Fund) Class/Ticker A SLANX B SLAOX C SLAPX INST SLARX S SLAFX Before you invest, you may want to

More information

The following replaces similar text in the Investing With Vanguard section:

The following replaces similar text in the Investing With Vanguard section: Vanguard Funds Supplement to the Prospectus Prospectus Text Changes The following replaces similar text for the second bullet point under the heading Frequent Trading or Market-Timing in the More on the

More information

Chapter 2 Characteristics of Investment Companies

Chapter 2 Characteristics of Investment Companies Chapter 2 Characteristics of Investment Companies Abstract Chapter 2 provides a brief overview of five types of investment companies: open-end funds, closed-end funds, unit investment trusts, exchange-traded

More information

Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust

Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust U.S. Equity Portfolios U.S. Mid Cap Value Portfolio U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio Value Portfolio Prospectus Share Class and Ticker Symbol

More information

City National Rochdale Intermediate Fixed Income Fund a series of City National Rochdale Funds

City National Rochdale Intermediate Fixed Income Fund a series of City National Rochdale Funds City National Rochdale Intermediate Fixed Income Fund a series of City National Rochdale Funds SUMMARY PROSPECTUS DATED JANUARY 31, 2015, AS SUPPLEMENTED MAY 1, 2015 Class: Class N Institutional Class

More information

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Supplement to the Prospectus for Signal Shares Dated April 25, 2012 Prospectus Text Changes The Share Class Overview text is revised to indicate that each Fund

More information

Capital Appreciation Fund I Class

Capital Appreciation Fund I Class PROSPECTUS TRAIX May 1, 2016 T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund I Class A relatively conservative stock fund seeking long-term capital appreciation through common stocks as well as fixed income securities.

More information

A Guide To DEFINED FOCUSED DISCIPLINED

A Guide To DEFINED FOCUSED DISCIPLINED A Guide To F I R S T T R U S T U N I T I N V E S T M E N T T R U S T S DEFINED FOCUSED DISCIPLINED W H A T I S A U N I T I N V E S T M E N T T R U S T? U I T F E A T U R E S A unit investment trust or

More information

Simplified Prospectus. July 23, 2015

Simplified Prospectus. July 23, 2015 Simplified Prospectus July 23, 2015 Marquest Money Market Fund Marquest Short Term Income Fund (Corporate Class*) Marquest Canadian Bond Fund Marquest Canadian Fixed Income Fund Marquest Monthly Pay Fund

More information

Web. Chapter FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND MARKETS

Web. Chapter FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND MARKETS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND MARKETS T Chapter Summary Chapter Web he Web Chapter provides an overview of the various financial institutions and markets that serve managers of firms and investors who invest

More information

Virtual Stock Market Game Glossary

Virtual Stock Market Game Glossary Virtual Stock Market Game Glossary American Stock Exchange-AMEX An open auction market similar to the NYSE where buyers and sellers compete in a centralized marketplace. The AMEX typically lists small

More information

Morningstar Highlights

Morningstar Highlights Morningstar Highlights Second quarter Data as of June 30, 2015 Invesco offers funds that have competitive performance relative to their peers across most style boxes. Below are Invesco funds with four-

More information

NAME: CLASS PERIOD: An Introduction to Stocks and Bonds

NAME: CLASS PERIOD: An Introduction to Stocks and Bonds 22.1 An Introduction to Stocks and Bonds There are many different ways to invest your money. Each of them has different levels of risk and potential return. Stocks and bonds are two common types of financial

More information

SUMMARY PROSPECTUS CALVERT GLOBAL ENERGY SOLUTIONS FUND INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND. Example. Portfolio Turnover

SUMMARY PROSPECTUS CALVERT GLOBAL ENERGY SOLUTIONS FUND INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND. Example. Portfolio Turnover SUMMARY PROSPECTUS February 1, 2016 CALVERT GLOBAL ENERGY SOLUTIONS FUND Class (Ticker): A (CGAEX) C (CGACX) Link to Prospectus (Table of Contents) Y (CGAYX) Link to Statement of Additional Information

More information