From Sources to GIS Results: the methodological path of the DynCoopNet Portuguese team

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1 WEHC UTRECHT, 3rd-7th AUGUST SESSION B8: Self-Organising Networks and Trading Cooperation... From Sources to GIS Results: the methodological path of the DynCoopNet Portuguese team Sara Pinto: Ana Sofia

.. From Sources to GIS Results: the methodological path of the

2 Simon Ruiz 1525/ Business man with European projection, connected with important financial families, like the Bonvisi, Balbani, Spinola...; Also a financial agent of important leaders, like the king Philippe II.

3 Origin of the commercial correspondence received by Simón Ruiz company In CASADO ALONSO, 2008: 54 Relationships with trade agents from Lisbon, Rouen, Lyon, Antwerp, Bilbao and Italian cities; His private archive allows us to analyze: the mechanisms of cooperation in the First Global Age the patterns of the establishment and development of a trade network.

and Italian cities; His private archive allows us to analyze: the mechanisms of cooperation

4 Data Sources: bills of exchange Bills of exchange may engage four different players: 1 The giver the one that previously advances the money to the taker 2 The taker the one who writes the letter of exchange and orders the payment 3 The beneficiary the one that receives the final payment 4 The payer the one who pays the money

The taker the one who writes the letter of exchange and orders the payment 3 The

5 Data Sources: bills of exchange How can this document help us studying a merchant network? It can tell us: - The name and location of the agents. Ex: Diego de Chavarri in Antwerp and Simon Ruiz in Medina del Campo - Their relationship and connections. Ex: Diego de Chavarri orders Simon Ruiz to pay a certain quantity in ducados to Benedetto and Bernardino Bonvisi - The kind of trade engaged and the correspondent circuits. Ex: this payment refers to a mercantile cargo that was sent to Castile.

Ex: Diego de Chavarri in Antwerp and Simon Ruiz in Medina del Campo - Their relationship and connections.

6 Data Source: commercial correspondence A challenge to the researcher: Not as clear and formal as the bills of exchange. Extracting the information is not so direct and easy, it requires a careful reading and interpretation of the data It is much richer in information, it gives us more details, and it is more personal and humane Requires extra considerations: we must establish exactly, and a priori, the data we want to extract

Extracting the information is not so direct and easy, it requires a careful reading and interpretation of

7 Data Source: commercial correspondence Individual characteristics of the agents Establishment of relationship ties within the commercial partners Information about the business world: goods prices, trade circuits; features about insurance, freight, exchange, qualitative and quantitative information about goods from certain regional market weigh and measure unities Events and conjunctures that conditioned the relations across the network: news on politics, wars, international relations, climate, calamities, market flows and investment opportunities as well as risky business.

quantitative information about goods from certain regional market weigh and measure unities Events and conjunctures that conditioned the

8 From data to databases informatics tools JEdit and TimeLink

9 From data to databases informatics tools JEdit and TimeLink The information is organised in an FAR system: Function The role agents perform in a determined event (f.e., beneficiary, taker...). Attribute characteristics of the act or of the agent. Besides the name and family origin, we seek for jobs, religious affiliation, gender, title, position, place of residence or permanence in a precise moment. Relation Relations generated between agents. They can be explicit, implicit and inferred.

Attribute characteristics of the act or of the agent.

10 From data to databases informatics tools JEdit and TimeLink

11 From data to databases informatics tools JEdit and TimeLink

12 From data to databases informatic tools JEdit and TimeLink

13 From data to databases informatic tools JEdit and TimeLink

14 From data to databases informatics tools JEdit and TimeLink

15 From data to databases informatic tools JEdit and TimeLink

16 From data to databases informatics tools JEdit and TimeLink

17 Analysing space en medina del campo a 9 de julho s os 14 s. No habiendo pagado por la primera ni segunda pagaran v.m. por esta tercera de canbio en la proxima feria de agosto a tempo de los pagos della al senor Andres ruiz de nantes o a si mismos mill y quinentos y beinte y nueve escudos catorze sueldos del sol de asesenta sueldos que son por la balor que nos pago en mayor partida hernan correa de belasco por el sr. Simon ruiz y pongalos por quenta del empleo de Segovia sobre de nos. Cristo con todos. jeronimo ruiz embito e herdeiros de francisco de la presa e vitores ruiz (In the back) A los muy magnificos senhores herederos de ludobico y benedito bonbisi en leon. In this letter we can find four spatial references: 1º Place of origin: Medina del Campo (Spain) 2º Place of destination: Lyon (France) 3º Location of the agents: Nantes (France) 4º Places connected to the agents: Segovia (Spain)

o a 9 de julho 1576 1529 s os 14 s. No habiendo pagado por la prime

18 Regarding a location, we can get: - Its frequency in the database; - The agents located there; - The frequency and the type of relationships established with other locations; - Its attributes: seaport, fair, financial centre, etc.

the type of relationships established with other

19 Simon Ruiz spatial framework Locations for emission and payment of bills of exchange in 1560/1580

20 Simon Ruiz spatial framework s evolution: from 1560 to 1580 O espaço financeiro de Simon Ruiz entre 1560 e 1580 Emergentes Mantidos Abandonados

21 Network Analysis Givers and beneficiaries in Simon Ruiz network in 1560 Givers and beneficiaries in Simon Ruiz network in 1580

22 Network Visualization Importance of the agents in Simon Ruiz network

23 Network Analysis other possibilities the search is far more flexible than other metodologic approaches; it allows the reconstruction of clusters and other subgruping exercises; permits estatiscal approachs several times more effective than traditional statistic, as outdegrees, indegrees, unweighted paths (structural holes theory); reconstructs a hierarchical view of the agents, by its position and centrality; it is a dynamic tool, easily addapted to time evolution.

24 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: Amélia Polónia (Univ. Porto) Joaquim Carvalho (Univ. Coimbra) Miguel Nogueira (Univ. Porto) Monica Wachowicz (Univ. Wageningen) Teresa Iturrioz (Univ. Politecnica Madrid)

Mapping 16 th Century Trade Networks: a GIS Application for Historical Data Sources

13 th AGILE International Conference on Geographic Information Science 2010 Page 1 of 9 Mapping 16 th Century Trade Networks: a GIS Application for Historical Data Sources Sara Pinto 1, Miguel Nogueira