ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY"

Transcription

1 ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY Academic Year Fall Semester Department of Software Engineering SEN361 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION HOMEWORK REPORT STUDENT S NAME : GÖKHAN TAYMAZ STUDENT S NUMBER : B ADVISER : HASAN HÜSEYİN BALIK

2 What is RAID? Using Multiple Hard Drives for Performance and Reliability Introduction Back in the late 1980's and early 1990's, computer information servers were encountering a dramatic increase in the amount of data they needed to serve and store. Storage technologies were getting very expensive to place a large number of high capacity hard drives in the servers. A solution was needed and thus RAID was born. So what exactly is RAID? First of all, the acronym stands for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks. It was a system developed whereby a large number of low cost hard drives could be linked together to form a single large capacity storage device that offered superior performance, storage capacity and reliability over older storage solutions. It has been widely used and deployed method for storage in the enterprise and server markets, but over the past 5 years has become much more common in end user systems. Advantages of RAID There are three primary reasons that RAID was implemented: Redundancy Increased Performance Lower Costs Redundancy is the most important factor in the development of RAID for server environments. This allowed for a form of backup of the data in the storage array in the event of a failure. If one of the drives in the array failed, it could either be swapped out for a new drive without turning the systems off (referred to as hot swappable) or the redundant drive could be used. The method of redundancy depends on which version of RAID is used. The increased performance is only found when specific versions of the RAID are used. Performance will also be dependent upon the number of drives used in the array and the controller. All managers of IT departments like low costs. When the RAID standards were being developed, cost was also a key issue. The point of a RAID array is to provide the same or greater storage capacity for a system compared to using individual high capacity hard drives. A good example of this can be seen in the price differences between the highest capacity hard drives and lower capacity drives. Three drives of a smaller size could cost less than an individual high-capacity drive but provide more capacity. There are typically three forms of RAID used for desktop computer systems: RAID 0, RAID 1 and RAID 5. In most cases, only the first two of these versions is available and one of the two technically is not a form of RAID.

3 RAID 0 Following are the key points to remember for RAID level 0. Minimum 2 disks. Drive 1 Drive 2 Excellent performance ( as blocks are striped ). Block No redundancy ( no mirror, no parity ). Block Don t use this for any critical system. Block The lowest designated level of RAID, level 0, is actually not a valid type of RAID. It was given the designation of level 0 because it fails to provide any level of redundancy for the data stored in the array. Thus, if one of the drives fails, all the data is damaged.raid 0 uses a method called striping. Striping takes a single chunk of data like a graphic image, and spreads that data across multiple drives. The advantage that striping has is in improved performance. Twice the amount of data can be written in a given time frame to the two drives compared to that same data being written to a single drive.below is an example of how data is written in a RAID 0 implementation. Each row in the chart represents a physical block on the drive and each column is the individual drive. The numbers in the table represent the data blocks. Duplicate numbers indicate a duplicated data block.thus, if the 6 blocks of data above constitute a single data file, it can be read and written to the drive much faster than if it were on a single drive. Each drive working in parallel could read only 3 physical blocks while it would take a single drive twice as long because it has to read 6 physical blocks. The drawback of course is that if one drive fails, the data is no longer functional. All 6 data blocks are needed for the file, but only three are accessible. Increased storage performance No loss in data capacity Disadvantages: No redundancy of data

4 RAID 1 Minimum 2 disks. Good performance ( no striping. no parity ). Excellent redundancy ( as blocks are mirrored ). RAID version 1 was the first real implementation of RAID. It provides a simple form of redundancy for data through a process called mirroring. This form typically requires two individual drives of similar capacity. One drive is the active drive and the secondary drive is the mirror. When data is written to the active drive, the same data is written to the mirror drive.the following is an example of how the data is written in a RAID 1 implementation. Each row in the chart represents a physical block on the drive and each column is the individual drive. The numbers in the table represent the data blocks. Duplicate numbers indicate a duplicated data block. Drive 1 Drive 2 Block Block Block This provides a full level of redundancy for the data on the system. If one of the drives fails, the other drive still has all the data that existed in the system. The big drawback of course is that the capacity of the RAID will only be as big as the smallest of the two drives, effectively halving the amount of storage capacity if the two drives were used independently. Provides full redundancy of data Disadvantages Storage capacity is only as large as the smallest drive No performance increases Some downtime to change active drive during a failure

5 RAID 0+1 This is a hybrid form of RAID that some manufacturers have implemented to try and give the advantages of each of the two versions combined. Typically this can only be done on a system with a minimum of 4 hard drives. It then combines the methods of mirroring and striping to provide the performance and redundancy. The first set of drives will be active and have the data striped across them while the second set of drives will be a mirror of the data on the first two. Below is an example of how data is written in a RAID 0+1 implementation. Each row in the chart represents a physical block on the drive and each column is the individual drive. The numbers in the table represent the data blocks. Duplicate numbers indicate a duplicated data block. Drive 1 Drive 2 Drive 3 Drive 4 Block Block Block In this case, the data blocks will be striped across the drives within each of the two sets while it is mirrors between the sets. This gives the increased performance of RAID 0 because it takes the drive half the time to write the data compared to a single drive and it provides redundancy. The major drawback of course is the cost. This implementation requires a minimum of 4 hard drives. Increased performance Data is fully redundant Disadvantages: Large number of drives required Effective data capacity is halved

6 RAID 10 or 1+0 Minimum 4 disks. This is also called as stripe of mirrors Excellent redundancy ( as blocks are mirrored ) Excellent performance ( as blocks are striped ) If you can afford the dollar, this is the BEST option for any mission critical applications RAID 10 is effectively a similar version to RAID 0+1. Rather than striping data between the disk sets and then mirroring them, the first two drives in the set are a mirrored together. The second two drives form another set of disks that is are mirror of one another but store striped data with the first pair. This is a form of nested RAID setup. Drives 1 and 2 are a RAID 1 mirror and drives 3 and 4 are also a mirror. These two sets are then setup as stripped array.below is an example of how data is written in a RAID 10 implementation. Each row in the chart represents a physical block on the drive and each column is the individual drive. The numbers in the table represent the data blocks. Duplicate numbers indicate a duplicated data block. Drive 1 Drive 2 Drive 3 Drive 4 Block Block Block Just like the RAID 0+1 setup, RAID 10 requires a minimum of four hard drives to function. Performance is pretty much the same but the data is a bit more protected than the RAID 0+1 setup. Increased performance Data is fully redundant Disadvantages: Large number of drives required Effective data capacity is halved

7 RAID 5 Minimum 3 disks. Good performance ( as blocks are striped ). Good redundancy ( distributed parity ). Best cost effective option providing both performance and redundancy. Use this for DB that is heavily read oriented. Write operations will be slow. This is the most powerful form of RAID that can be found in a desktop computer system. Typically it requires the form of a hardware controller card to manage the array, but some desktop operating systems can create these via software. This method uses a form of striping with parity to maintain data redundancy. A minimum of three drives is required to build a RAID 5 array and they should be identical drives for the best performance. Parity is essentially a form of binary math that compares two blocks a data and forms a third data block based upon the first two. The easiest way to explain it is even and odd. If the sum of the two data blocks is even, then the parity bit is even. If the sum of the two data blocks is odd, the parity bit is odd. So 0+0 and 1+1 both equal 0 while 0+1 or 1+0 will equal 1. Based on this form of binary math, a failure in one drive in the array will allow the parity bit to reconstruct the data when the drive is replaced. With that information in mind, here is an example of how a RAID 5 array would work. Each row in the chart represents a physical block on the drive and each column is the individual drive. The numbers in the table represent the data blocks. Duplicate numbers indicate a duplicated data block. A "P" indicates a parity bit for two blocks of data. Drive 1 Drive 2 Drive 3 Block P Block 2 3 P 4 Block 3 P 5 6 The parity bit shifts between the drives to increase the performance and reliability of the data. The drive array will still have increased performance over a single drive because the multiple drives can write the data faster than a single drive. The data is also fully redundant because of the parity bits. In

8 the case of drive 2 failing, the data can be rebuilt based on the data and parity bits on the two remaining drives. Data capacity is reduced due to the parity data blocks. In practice the capacity of the array is based on the following equation where n is the number of drives and z is the capacity: (n-1)z = Array Capacity In the case of three 500 gigabyte hard drives, the total capacity would be (3-1)x500GB or 1000 gigabytes. Hardware RAID 5 implementations can also have a function called hot swap. This allows for drives to be replaced while the array is still functioning to either increase the drives capacity or to replace a damaged drive. The drive controller then takes time while the array is running to rebuild the data array across the drives. This is a valuable feature for systems that require 24x7 operation. Increased storage array performance Full data redundancy Ability to run 24x7 with hot swap Disadvantages High costs to implement Performance degrades during rebuilding Software vs. Hardware RAID In order for RAID to function, there needs to be software either through the operating system or via dedicated hardware to properly handle the flow of data from the computer system to the drive array. This is particularly important when it comes to RAID 5 due to the large amount of computing required to generate the parity calculations. In the case of software implementations, CPU cycles are taken away from the general computing environment to perform the necessary tasks for the RAID interface. Software implementations are very low cost monetarily because all that is necessary to implement one is the hard drives. The problem with software RAID implementations is the performance drop of the system. In general, this performance hit can be anywhere from 5% or even greater depending upon the processor, memory, drives used and the level of RAID implemented. Most people do not use software RAID anymore due to the decreasing costs of hardware RAID controllers over the years. Hardware RAID has the advantage of dedicated circuitry to handle all the RAID drive array calculations outside of the processor. This provides excellent performance for the storage array. The drawbacks to hardware RAID have been the costs. In the case of RAID 0/1 controllers, those costs have become so low that many chipset and motherboard manufacturers are including these capabilities on the motherboards. The real costs rest with RAID 5 hardware that require more circuitry for added computing ability.

9 Drive Selection What a lot of people don't realize is that the performance and capacity of a RAID array is heavily dependent upon the hard drives used in the array. For the best results, all hard drives in the array should be the same brand and model. This means that all of the hard drives will have the same capacity and performance levels. It is not a requirement that the drives be matched, but mismatching the drives can actually hurt the RAID array. The capacity of the RAID array will depend upon the method implemented. In the case of RAID 0, the striping can only be done across an equal amount of space on the two drives. As a result, if an 80GB and 100GB drive are used to make the array, the final capacity of the array would only be 160GB. Similarly, in RAID 1 the drives can only mirror data equal to the smallest size. Thus based on the two drives mentioned before, the final data size would only be 80GB. RAID 5 is a bit more complicated because of the formula mentioned before. Once again the smallest capacity would be used. So if a 80GB, 100 GB and 120GB drive were used to make a RAID 5 array, the final capacity would be 160GB of data. Performance of the array is also dependent upon the drives. In order for the array to function properly, it must wait for the data to be written to each of the drives before it can continue. This means that in the example charts for the RAID arrays, the controller must wait until all physical data has been written to block 1 across all the drives in the array before it can continue to the next set of data for the drives. This means an array where one drive has half the performance of the other two will slow down the overall performance of the other drives. Conclusions Overall RAID provides systems with a variety of benefits depending upon the version implemented. Most consumer users will likely opt to use the RAID 0 for increased performance without the loss of storage space. This is primarily because redundancy is not an issue for the average user. In fact, most computer systems will only offer either RAID 0 or 1. The costs of implementing a RAID 0+1 or RAID 5 system generally are too expensive for the average consumer and are only found in high-end workstation or server level systems. References

Introduction. What is RAID? The Array and RAID Controller Concept. Click here to print this article. Re-Printed From SLCentral

Introduction. What is RAID? The Array and RAID Controller Concept. Click here to print this article. Re-Printed From SLCentral Click here to print this article. Re-Printed From SLCentral RAID: An In-Depth Guide To RAID Technology Author: Tom Solinap Date Posted: January 24th, 2001 URL: http://www.slcentral.com/articles/01/1/raid

More information

IncidentMonitor Server Specification Datasheet

IncidentMonitor Server Specification Datasheet IncidentMonitor Server Specification Datasheet Prepared by Monitor 24-7 Inc October 1, 2015 Contact details: sales@monitor24-7.com North America: +1 416 410.2716 / +1 866 364.2757 Europe: +31 088 008.4600

More information

How To Create A Multi Disk Raid

How To Create A Multi Disk Raid Click on the diagram to see RAID 0 in action RAID Level 0 requires a minimum of 2 drives to implement RAID 0 implements a striped disk array, the data is broken down into blocks and each block is written

More information

RAID HARDWARE. On board SATA RAID controller. RAID drive caddy (hot swappable) SATA RAID controller card. Anne Watson 1

RAID HARDWARE. On board SATA RAID controller. RAID drive caddy (hot swappable) SATA RAID controller card. Anne Watson 1 RAID HARDWARE On board SATA RAID controller SATA RAID controller card RAID drive caddy (hot swappable) Anne Watson 1 RAID The word redundant means an unnecessary repetition. The word array means a lineup.

More information

Dependable Systems. 9. Redundant arrays of. Prof. Dr. Miroslaw Malek. Wintersemester 2004/05 www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/rok/zs

Dependable Systems. 9. Redundant arrays of. Prof. Dr. Miroslaw Malek. Wintersemester 2004/05 www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/rok/zs Dependable Systems 9. Redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) Prof. Dr. Miroslaw Malek Wintersemester 2004/05 www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/rok/zs Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) RAID is

More information

RAID 6 with HP Advanced Data Guarding technology:

RAID 6 with HP Advanced Data Guarding technology: RAID 6 with HP Advanced Data Guarding technology: a cost-effective, fault-tolerant solution technology brief Abstract... 2 Introduction... 2 Functions and limitations of RAID schemes... 3 Fault tolerance

More information

RAID Made Easy By Jon L. Jacobi, PCWorld

RAID Made Easy By Jon L. Jacobi, PCWorld 9916 Brooklet Drive Houston, Texas 77099 Phone 832-327-0316 www.safinatechnolgies.com RAID Made Easy By Jon L. Jacobi, PCWorld What is RAID, why do you need it, and what are all those mode numbers that

More information

What is RAID and how does it work?

What is RAID and how does it work? What is RAID and how does it work? What is RAID? RAID is the acronym for either redundant array of inexpensive disks or redundant array of independent disks. When first conceived at UC Berkley the former

More information

Chapter 6 External Memory. Dr. Mohamed H. Al-Meer

Chapter 6 External Memory. Dr. Mohamed H. Al-Meer Chapter 6 External Memory Dr. Mohamed H. Al-Meer 6.1 Magnetic Disks Types of External Memory Magnetic Disks RAID Removable Optical CD ROM CD Recordable CD-R CD Re writable CD-RW DVD Magnetic Tape 2 Introduction

More information

RAID Basics Training Guide

RAID Basics Training Guide RAID Basics Training Guide Discover a Higher Level of Performance RAID matters. Rely on Intel RAID. Table of Contents 1. What is RAID? 2. RAID Levels RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 5 RAID 6 RAID 10 RAID 0+1 RAID 1E

More information

Lecture 36: Chapter 6

Lecture 36: Chapter 6 Lecture 36: Chapter 6 Today s topic RAID 1 RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive (Independent) Disks Use multiple smaller disks (c.f. one large disk) Parallelism improves performance Plus extra disk(s) for

More information

RAID Implementation for StorSimple Storage Management Appliance

RAID Implementation for StorSimple Storage Management Appliance RAID Implementation for StorSimple Storage Management Appliance Alpa Kohli June, 2012 KB-00008 Document Revision 1 StorSimple knowledge base articles are intended to provide customers with the information

More information

The idea behind RAID is to have a number of disks co-operate in such a way that it looks like one big disk.

The idea behind RAID is to have a number of disks co-operate in such a way that it looks like one big disk. People often ask: Should I RAID my disks? The question is simple, unfortunately the answer is not. So here is a guide to help you decide when a RAID array is advantageous and how to go about it. This guide

More information

RAID Storage System of Standalone NVR

RAID Storage System of Standalone NVR ACTi Knowledge Base Category: Installation & Configuration Note Sub-category: Hardware; Recording & Storage Model: XNR-4200, GNR-2000 Firmware: Software: Author: Ando.Meritee Published: 2011/05/04 Reviewed:

More information

VERY IMPORTANT NOTE! - RAID

VERY IMPORTANT NOTE! - RAID Disk drives are an integral part of any computing system. Disk drives are usually where the operating system and all of an enterprise or individual s data are stored. They are also one of the weakest links

More information

technology brief RAID Levels March 1997 Introduction Characteristics of RAID Levels

technology brief RAID Levels March 1997 Introduction Characteristics of RAID Levels technology brief RAID Levels March 1997 Introduction RAID is an acronym for Redundant Array of Independent Disks (originally Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) coined in a 1987 University of California

More information

RAID Overview: Identifying What RAID Levels Best Meet Customer Needs. Diamond Series RAID Storage Array

RAID Overview: Identifying What RAID Levels Best Meet Customer Needs. Diamond Series RAID Storage Array ATTO Technology, Inc. Corporate Headquarters 155 Crosspoint Parkway Amherst, NY 14068 Phone: 716-691-1999 Fax: 716-691-9353 www.attotech.com sales@attotech.com RAID Overview: Identifying What RAID Levels

More information

Benefits of Intel Matrix Storage Technology

Benefits of Intel Matrix Storage Technology Benefits of Intel Matrix Storage Technology White Paper December 2005 Document Number: 310855-001 INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,

More information

Storage node capacity in RAID0 is equal to the sum total capacity of all disks in the storage node.

Storage node capacity in RAID0 is equal to the sum total capacity of all disks in the storage node. RAID configurations defined 1/7 Storage Configuration: Disk RAID and Disk Management > RAID configurations defined Next RAID configurations defined The RAID configuration you choose depends upon how you

More information

Operating Systems. RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks. Submitted by Ankur Niyogi 2003EE20367

Operating Systems. RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks. Submitted by Ankur Niyogi 2003EE20367 Operating Systems RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks Submitted by Ankur Niyogi 2003EE20367 YOUR DATA IS LOST@#!! Do we have backups of all our data???? - The stuff we cannot afford to lose?? How

More information

Input / Ouput devices. I/O Chapter 8. Goals & Constraints. Measures of Performance. Anatomy of a Disk Drive. Introduction - 8.1

Input / Ouput devices. I/O Chapter 8. Goals & Constraints. Measures of Performance. Anatomy of a Disk Drive. Introduction - 8.1 Introduction - 8.1 I/O Chapter 8 Disk Storage and Dependability 8.2 Buses and other connectors 8.4 I/O performance measures 8.6 Input / Ouput devices keyboard, mouse, printer, game controllers, hard drive,

More information

How to choose the right RAID for your Dedicated Server

How to choose the right RAID for your Dedicated Server Overview of RAID Let's first address, "What is RAID and what does RAID stand for?" RAID, an acronym for "Redundant Array of Independent Disks, is a storage technology that links or combines multiple hard

More information

Technology Update White Paper. High Speed RAID 6. Powered by Custom ASIC Parity Chips

Technology Update White Paper. High Speed RAID 6. Powered by Custom ASIC Parity Chips Technology Update White Paper High Speed RAID 6 Powered by Custom ASIC Parity Chips High Speed RAID 6 Powered by Custom ASIC Parity Chips Why High Speed RAID 6? Winchester Systems has developed High Speed

More information

DELL RAID PRIMER DELL PERC RAID CONTROLLERS. Joe H. Trickey III. Dell Storage RAID Product Marketing. John Seward. Dell Storage RAID Engineering

DELL RAID PRIMER DELL PERC RAID CONTROLLERS. Joe H. Trickey III. Dell Storage RAID Product Marketing. John Seward. Dell Storage RAID Engineering DELL RAID PRIMER DELL PERC RAID CONTROLLERS Joe H. Trickey III Dell Storage RAID Product Marketing John Seward Dell Storage RAID Engineering http://www.dell.com/content/topics/topic.aspx/global/products/pvaul/top

More information

Data Storage - II: Efficient Usage & Errors

Data Storage - II: Efficient Usage & Errors Data Storage - II: Efficient Usage & Errors Week 10, Spring 2005 Updated by M. Naci Akkøk, 27.02.2004, 03.03.2005 based upon slides by Pål Halvorsen, 12.3.2002. Contains slides from: Hector Garcia-Molina

More information

PIONEER RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT GROUP

PIONEER RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT GROUP SURVEY ON RAID Aishwarya Airen 1, Aarsh Pandit 2, Anshul Sogani 3 1,2,3 A.I.T.R, Indore. Abstract RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disk that is a concept which provides an efficient way for

More information

Distribution One Server Requirements

Distribution One Server Requirements Distribution One Server Requirements Introduction Welcome to the Hardware Configuration Guide. The goal of this guide is to provide a practical approach to sizing your Distribution One application and

More information

How To Use A Raid

How To Use A Raid www.gateway.com About RAID About RAID RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive/Independent Disks) lets your computer use multiple hard drives more efficiently. Your computer supports RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5,

More information

Data Integrity: Backups and RAID

Data Integrity: Backups and RAID Data Integrity: Backups and RAID Introduction Keeping your data safe and reliable TM Backups Types of backups Strategy Tools RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) Types of RAID What type to Use Disk

More information

SSDs and RAID: What s the right strategy. Paul Goodwin VP Product Development Avant Technology

SSDs and RAID: What s the right strategy. Paul Goodwin VP Product Development Avant Technology SSDs and RAID: What s the right strategy Paul Goodwin VP Product Development Avant Technology SSDs and RAID: What s the right strategy Flash Overview SSD Overview RAID overview Thoughts about Raid Strategies

More information

NVIDIA RAID Installation Guide

NVIDIA RAID Installation Guide NVIDIA RAID Installation Guide 1. NVIDIA BIOS RAID Installation Guide.. 2 1.1 Introduction to RAID. 2 1.2 RAID Configurations Precautions.. 3 1.3 Create Disk Array. 4 2. NVIDIA Windows RAID Installation

More information

Firebird and RAID. Choosing the right RAID configuration for Firebird. Paul Reeves IBPhoenix. mail: preeves@ibphoenix.com

Firebird and RAID. Choosing the right RAID configuration for Firebird. Paul Reeves IBPhoenix. mail: preeves@ibphoenix.com Firebird and RAID Choosing the right RAID configuration for Firebird. Paul Reeves IBPhoenix mail: preeves@ibphoenix.com Introduction Disc drives have become so cheap that implementing RAID for a firebird

More information

Overview of I/O Performance and RAID in an RDBMS Environment. By: Edward Whalen Performance Tuning Corporation

Overview of I/O Performance and RAID in an RDBMS Environment. By: Edward Whalen Performance Tuning Corporation Overview of I/O Performance and RAID in an RDBMS Environment By: Edward Whalen Performance Tuning Corporation Abstract This paper covers the fundamentals of I/O topics and an overview of RAID levels commonly

More information

An Introduction to RAID. Giovanni Stracquadanio stracquadanio@dmi.unict.it www.dmi.unict.it/~stracquadanio

An Introduction to RAID. Giovanni Stracquadanio stracquadanio@dmi.unict.it www.dmi.unict.it/~stracquadanio An Introduction to RAID Giovanni Stracquadanio stracquadanio@dmi.unict.it www.dmi.unict.it/~stracquadanio Outline A definition of RAID An ensemble of RAIDs JBOD RAID 0...5 Configuring and testing a Linux

More information

RAID Levels and Components Explained Page 1 of 23

RAID Levels and Components Explained Page 1 of 23 RAID Levels and Components Explained Page 1 of 23 What's RAID? The purpose of this document is to explain the many forms or RAID systems, and why they are useful, and their disadvantages. RAID - Redundant

More information

Block1. Block2. Block3. Block3 Striping

Block1. Block2. Block3. Block3 Striping Introduction to RI Team members: 電 機 一 94901150 王 麒 鈞, 電 機 一 94901151 吳 炫 逸, 電 機 一 94901154 孫 維 隆. Motivation Gosh, my hard disk is broken again, and my computer can t boot normally. I even have no chance

More information

CS 6290 I/O and Storage. Milos Prvulovic

CS 6290 I/O and Storage. Milos Prvulovic CS 6290 I/O and Storage Milos Prvulovic Storage Systems I/O performance (bandwidth, latency) Bandwidth improving, but not as fast as CPU Latency improving very slowly Consequently, by Amdahl s Law: fraction

More information

Definition of RAID Levels

Definition of RAID Levels RAID The basic idea of RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is to combine multiple inexpensive disk drives into an array of disk drives to obtain performance, capacity and reliability that exceeds

More information

GENERAL INFORMATION COPYRIGHT... 3 NOTICES... 3 XD5 PRECAUTIONS... 3 INTRODUCTION... 4 FEATURES... 4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT... 4

GENERAL INFORMATION COPYRIGHT... 3 NOTICES... 3 XD5 PRECAUTIONS... 3 INTRODUCTION... 4 FEATURES... 4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT... 4 1 Table of Contents GENERAL INFORMATION COPYRIGHT... 3 NOTICES... 3 XD5 PRECAUTIONS... 3 INTRODUCTION... 4 FEATURES... 4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT... 4 XD5 FAMILULARIZATION... 5 PACKAGE CONTENTS... 5 HARDWARE

More information

Non-Redundant (RAID Level 0)

Non-Redundant (RAID Level 0) There are many types of RAID and some of the important ones are introduced below: Non-Redundant (RAID Level 0) A non-redundant disk array, or RAID level 0, has the lowest cost of any RAID organization

More information

IBM ^ xseries ServeRAID Technology

IBM ^ xseries ServeRAID Technology IBM ^ xseries ServeRAID Technology Reliability through RAID technology Executive Summary: t long ago, business-critical computing on industry-standard platforms was unheard of. Proprietary systems were

More information

Assessing RAID ADG vs. RAID 5 vs. RAID 1+0

Assessing RAID ADG vs. RAID 5 vs. RAID 1+0 White Paper October 2001 Prepared by Industry Standard Storage Group Compaq Computer Corporation Contents Overview...3 Defining RAID levels...3 Evaluating RAID levels...3 Choosing a RAID level...4 Assessing

More information

CS420: Operating Systems

CS420: Operating Systems NK YORK COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA HG OK 2 RAID YORK COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVAN James Moscola Department of Physical Sciences York College of Pennsylvania Based on Operating System Concepts, 9th Edition by Silberschatz,

More information

Storing Data: Disks and Files

Storing Data: Disks and Files Storing Data: Disks and Files (From Chapter 9 of textbook) Storing and Retrieving Data Database Management Systems need to: Store large volumes of data Store data reliably (so that data is not lost!) Retrieve

More information

An Introduction to RAID 6 ULTAMUS TM RAID

An Introduction to RAID 6 ULTAMUS TM RAID An Introduction to RAID 6 ULTAMUS TM RAID The highly attractive cost per GB of SATA storage capacity is causing RAID products based on the technology to grow in popularity. SATA RAID is now being used

More information

RAID Level Descriptions. RAID 0 (Striping)

RAID Level Descriptions. RAID 0 (Striping) RAID Level Descriptions RAID 0 (Striping) Offers low cost and maximum performance, but offers no fault tolerance; a single disk failure results in TOTAL data loss. Businesses use RAID 0 mainly for tasks

More information

Summer Student Project Report

Summer Student Project Report Summer Student Project Report Dimitris Kalimeris National and Kapodistrian University of Athens June September 2014 Abstract This report will outline two projects that were done as part of a three months

More information

Guide to SATA Hard Disks Installation and RAID Configuration

Guide to SATA Hard Disks Installation and RAID Configuration Guide to SATA Hard Disks Installation and RAID Configuration 1. Guide to SATA Hard Disks Installation...2 1.1 Serial ATA (SATA) Hard Disks Installation...2 2. Guide to RAID Configurations...3 2.1 Introduction

More information

RAID technology and IBM TotalStorage NAS products

RAID technology and IBM TotalStorage NAS products IBM TotalStorage Network Attached Storage October 2001 RAID technology and IBM TotalStorage NAS products By Janet Anglin and Chris Durham Storage Networking Architecture, SSG Page No.1 Contents 2 RAID

More information

Fault Tolerance & Reliability CDA 5140. Chapter 3 RAID & Sample Commercial FT Systems

Fault Tolerance & Reliability CDA 5140. Chapter 3 RAID & Sample Commercial FT Systems Fault Tolerance & Reliability CDA 5140 Chapter 3 RAID & Sample Commercial FT Systems - basic concept in these, as with codes, is redundancy to allow system to continue operation even if some components

More information

Hard Disk Drives and RAID

Hard Disk Drives and RAID Hard Disk Drives and RAID Janaka Harambearachchi (Engineer/Systems Development) INTERFACES FOR HDD A computer interfaces is what allows a computer to send and retrieve information for storage devices such

More information

RAID. Storage-centric computing, cloud computing. Benefits:

RAID. Storage-centric computing, cloud computing. Benefits: RAID Storage-centric computing, cloud computing. Benefits: Improved reliability (via error correcting code, redundancy). Improved performance (via redundancy). Independent disks. RAID Level 0 Provides

More information

Getting Started With RAID

Getting Started With RAID Dell Systems Getting Started With RAID www.dell.com support.dell.com Notes, Notices, and Cautions NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your computer. NOTICE: A

More information

RAID Technology Overview

RAID Technology Overview RAID Technology Overview HP Smart Array RAID Controllers HP Part Number: J6369-90050 Published: September 2007 Edition: 1 Copyright 2007 Hewlett-Packard Development Company L.P. Legal Notices Copyright

More information

RAID-DP : NETWORK APPLIANCE IMPLEMENTATION OF RAID DOUBLE PARITY FOR DATA PROTECTION A HIGH-SPEED IMPLEMENTATION OF RAID 6

RAID-DP : NETWORK APPLIANCE IMPLEMENTATION OF RAID DOUBLE PARITY FOR DATA PROTECTION A HIGH-SPEED IMPLEMENTATION OF RAID 6 RAID-DP : NETWORK APPLIANCE IMPLEMENTATION OF RAID DOUBLE PARITY FOR DATA PROTECTION A HIGH-SPEED IMPLEMENTATION OF RAID 6 Chris Lueth, Network Appliance, Inc. TR-3298 [12/2006] ABSTRACT To date, RAID

More information

Gladstone Health & Leisure Technical Services

Gladstone Health & Leisure Technical Services Gladstone Health & Leisure Technical Services Plus2 Environment Server Recommendations Commercial in Confidence Database Server Specifications Database server specifications are based on sizes in use on

More information

Barracuda Backup Server. Introduction

Barracuda Backup Server. Introduction Barracuda Backup Server Introduction Backup & Recovery Conditions and Trends in the Market Barracuda Networks 2! Business Continuity! Business today operates around the clock Downtime is very costly Disaster

More information

Intel Rapid Storage Technology

Intel Rapid Storage Technology Intel Rapid Storage Technology User Guide August 2011 Revision 1.0 1 Document Number: XXXXXX INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,

More information

Guide to SATA Hard Disks Installation and RAID Configuration

Guide to SATA Hard Disks Installation and RAID Configuration Guide to SATA Hard Disks Installation and RAID Configuration 1. Guide to SATA Hard Disks Installation... 2 1.1 Serial ATA (SATA) Hard Disks Installation... 2 2. Guide to RAID Configurations... 3 2.1 Introduction

More information

Serial ATA RAID PCI. User's Manual

Serial ATA RAID PCI. User's Manual Serial ATA RAID PCI User's Manual Chapter 1 Introduction Table of Contents 1-1 Features and Benefits. 1 1-2 System Requirements. 1 Chapter 2 RAID Arrays 2-1 RAID Overview.. 2 2-1.1 RAID 0 (striping)...

More information

Using RAID6 for Advanced Data Protection

Using RAID6 for Advanced Data Protection Using RAI6 for Advanced ata Protection 2006 Infortrend Corporation. All rights reserved. Table of Contents The Challenge of Fault Tolerance... 3 A Compelling Technology: RAI6... 3 Parity... 4 Why Use RAI6...

More information

Storage. The text highlighted in green in these slides contain external hyperlinks. 1 / 14

Storage. The text highlighted in green in these slides contain external hyperlinks. 1 / 14 Storage Compared to the performance parameters of the other components we have been studying, storage systems are much slower devices. Typical access times to rotating disk storage devices are in the millisecond

More information

In This Lecture. Physical Design. RAID Arrays. RAID Level 0. RAID Level 1. Physical DB Issues, Indexes, Query Optimisation. Physical DB Issues

In This Lecture. Physical Design. RAID Arrays. RAID Level 0. RAID Level 1. Physical DB Issues, Indexes, Query Optimisation. Physical DB Issues In This Lecture Physical DB Issues, Indexes, Query Optimisation Database Systems Lecture 13 Natasha Alechina Physical DB Issues RAID arrays for recovery and speed Indexes and query efficiency Query optimisation

More information

CHAPTER 4 RAID. Section Goals. Upon completion of this section you should be able to:

CHAPTER 4 RAID. Section Goals. Upon completion of this section you should be able to: HPTER 4 RI s it was originally proposed, the acronym RI stood for Redundant rray of Inexpensive isks. However, it has since come to be known as Redundant rray of Independent isks. RI was originally described

More information

The Cloud Hosting Revolution: Learn How to Cut Costs and Eliminate Downtime with GlowHost's Cloud Hosting Services

The Cloud Hosting Revolution: Learn How to Cut Costs and Eliminate Downtime with GlowHost's Cloud Hosting Services The Cloud Hosting Revolution: Learn How to Cut Costs and Eliminate Downtime with GlowHost's Cloud Hosting Services For years, companies have struggled to find an affordable and effective method of building

More information

Technical White paper RAID Protection and Drive Failure Fast Recovery

Technical White paper RAID Protection and Drive Failure Fast Recovery Technical White paper RAID Protection and Drive Failure Fast Recovery RAID protection is a key part of all ETERNUS Storage Array products. Choices of the level chosen to meet customer application requirements

More information

High Availability Server Clustering Solutions

High Availability Server Clustering Solutions White Paper High vailability Server Clustering Solutions Extending the benefits of technology into the server arena Intel in Communications Contents Executive Summary 3 Extending Protection to Storage

More information

Deploying and Optimizing SQL Server for Virtual Machines

Deploying and Optimizing SQL Server for Virtual Machines Deploying and Optimizing SQL Server for Virtual Machines Deploying and Optimizing SQL Server for Virtual Machines Much has been written over the years regarding best practices for deploying Microsoft SQL

More information

Physical Data Organization

Physical Data Organization Physical Data Organization Database design using logical model of the database - appropriate level for users to focus on - user independence from implementation details Performance - other major factor

More information

RAID installation guide for ITE8212F

RAID installation guide for ITE8212F RAID installation guide for ITE8212F Contents Contents 2 1 Introduction 3 1.1 About this Guide 3 1.2 The Basics 3 1.2.1 What is RAID? 3 1.2.2 Advantages of RAID 3 1.2.3 Disadvantages of RAID 3 1.3 Different

More information

NetApp RAID-DP : Dual-Parity RAID 6 Protection Without Compromise

NetApp RAID-DP : Dual-Parity RAID 6 Protection Without Compromise White Paper NetApp RAID-DP : Dual-Parity RAID 6 Protection Without Compromise Paul Feresten, NetApp April 2010 WP-7005-0410 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As disk drive densities continue to increase, and companies

More information

How To Set Up A Raid On A Hard Disk Drive On A Sasa S964 (Sasa) (Sasa) (Ios) (Tos) And Sas964 S9 64 (Sata) (

How To Set Up A Raid On A Hard Disk Drive On A Sasa S964 (Sasa) (Sasa) (Ios) (Tos) And Sas964 S9 64 (Sata) ( SiS964/SiS180 SATA w/ RAID User s Manual Quick User s Guide Version 0.3 Edition December 2003 Copyright 2003 Silicon Integrated Systems Corp. Trademarks SiS is a registered trademark of Silicon Integrated

More information

SiS964/SiS180 SATA w/ RAID User s Manual. Quick User s Guide. Version 0.3

SiS964/SiS180 SATA w/ RAID User s Manual. Quick User s Guide. Version 0.3 SiS964/SiS180 SATA w/ RAID User s Manual Quick User s Guide Version 0.3 Edition December 2003 Copyright 2003 Silicon Integrated Systems Corp. Trademarks SiS is a registered trademark of Silicon Integrated

More information

ZCP 7.0 (build 41322) Zarafa Collaboration Platform. Zarafa Archiver Deployment Guide

ZCP 7.0 (build 41322) Zarafa Collaboration Platform. Zarafa Archiver Deployment Guide ZCP 7.0 (build 41322) Zarafa Collaboration Platform Zarafa Archiver Deployment Guide Zarafa Collaboration Platform ZCP 7.0 (build 41322) Zarafa Collaboration Platform Zarafa Archiver Deployment Guide Edition

More information

Module 6. RAID and Expansion Devices

Module 6. RAID and Expansion Devices Module 6 RAID and Expansion Devices Objectives 1. PC Hardware A.1.5 Compare and contrast RAID types B.1.8 Compare expansion devices 2 RAID 3 RAID 1. Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks

More information

PARALLEL I/O FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

PARALLEL I/O FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING o. rof. Dr. eter Brezany arallele and Verteilte Datenbanksysteme 1 ARALLEL I/O FOR HIGH ERFORMANCE COMUTING Skriptum zur Vorlesung eter Brezany Institut für Scientific Computing Universität Wien E-Mail:

More information

Version : 1.1. SR2760-2S-S2 User Manual. SOHORAID Series

Version : 1.1. SR2760-2S-S2 User Manual. SOHORAID Series Version : 1.1 SR2760-2S-S2 User Manual SOHORAID Series Forewords About this manual Thank you for using products from Raidon Technology Inc. This manual will introduce the STARDOM SR2760-2S-S2 product.

More information

RAID-DP: NetApp Implementation of Double- Parity RAID for Data Protection

RAID-DP: NetApp Implementation of Double- Parity RAID for Data Protection Technical Report RAID-DP: NetApp Implementation of Double- Parity RAID for Data Protection Jay White & Chris Lueth, NetApp May 2010 TR-3298 ABSTRACT This document provides an in-depth overview of the NetApp

More information

What is RAID--BASICS? Mylex RAID Primer. A simple guide to understanding RAID

What is RAID--BASICS? Mylex RAID Primer. A simple guide to understanding RAID What is RAID--BASICS? Mylex RAID Primer A simple guide to understanding RAID Let's look at a hard disk... Several platters stacked on top of each other with a little space in between. One to n platters

More information

High Performance Computing. Course Notes 2007-2008. High Performance Storage

High Performance Computing. Course Notes 2007-2008. High Performance Storage High Performance Computing Course Notes 2007-2008 2008 High Performance Storage Storage devices Primary storage: register (1 CPU cycle, a few ns) Cache (10-200 cycles, 0.02-0.5us) Main memory Local main

More information

USER GUIDE. PageScope Enterprise Suite. Backup and Recovery

USER GUIDE. PageScope Enterprise Suite. Backup and Recovery PageScope Enterprise Suite Backup and Recovery USER GUIDE Date : 07/31/2008 Written by: Tony Gliatta, Vartkes Tashjian and Rob Posenato Location: CEC Lab, HQ Ramsey, NJ Table of Content Chapter 1 PageScope

More information

Version : 1.0. SR3620-2S-SB2 User Manual. SOHORAID Series

Version : 1.0. SR3620-2S-SB2 User Manual. SOHORAID Series Version : 1.0 SR3620-2S-SB2 User Manual SOHORAID Series Introduction About this Manual Thank you for using the product of RAIDON Technology Inc. This user manual will introduce the STARDOM SR3620-2S-SB2

More information

How Does the ECASD Network Work?

How Does the ECASD Network Work? Slide 1 How Does the ECASD Network Work? Jim Blodgett, Network Engineer Slide 2 Network Overview The ECASD Network has 3500 computers, 350 switches, 100 servers and 13000 users spread over 22 different

More information

TECHNOLOGY BRIEF. Compaq RAID on a Chip Technology EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CONTENTS

TECHNOLOGY BRIEF. Compaq RAID on a Chip Technology EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CONTENTS TECHNOLOGY BRIEF August 1999 Compaq Computer Corporation Prepared by ISSD Technology Communications CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Introduction 3 Subsystem Technology 3 Processor 3 SCSI Chip4 PCI Bridge

More information

STAR Watch Statewide Technology Assistance Resources Project A publication of the Western New York Law Center,Inc.

STAR Watch Statewide Technology Assistance Resources Project A publication of the Western New York Law Center,Inc. STAR Watch Statewide Technology Assistance Resources Project A publication of the Western New York Law Center,Inc. Volume 12 Issue 4 July-Aug 2008 Network Attached Storage Increase network storage capacity

More information

How To Write A Disk Array

How To Write A Disk Array 200 Chapter 7 (This observation is reinforced and elaborated in Exercises 7.5 and 7.6, and the reader is urged to work through them.) 7.2 RAID Disks are potential bottlenecks for system performance and

More information

RAID Technology White Paper

RAID Technology White Paper RAID Technology White Paper As specialists in data storage, LaCie recognizes that almost all computer users will need a storage or backup solution and that people use and store data in different ways.

More information

an analysis of RAID 5DP

an analysis of RAID 5DP an analysis of RAID 5DP a qualitative and quantitative comparison of RAID levels and data protection hp white paper for information about the va 7000 series and periodic updates to this white paper see

More information

CS161: Operating Systems

CS161: Operating Systems CS161: Operating Systems Matt Welsh mdw@eecs.harvard.edu Lecture 18: RAID April 19, 2007 2007 Matt Welsh Harvard University 1 RAID Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks Invented in 1986-1987 by David Patterson

More information

Storage Technologies - 2

Storage Technologies - 2 Antoniu Pop 1 The University of Manchester COMP 25212 Storage Technologies - 2 Antoniu Pop antoniu.pop@manchester.ac.uk 16 April 2015 Antoniu Pop 2 The University of Manchester COMP 25212 Storage Technologies

More information

5-Bay Raid Sub-System Smart Removable 3.5" SATA Multiple Bay Data Storage Device User's Manual

5-Bay Raid Sub-System Smart Removable 3.5 SATA Multiple Bay Data Storage Device User's Manual 5-Bay Raid Sub-System Smart Removable 3.5" SATA Multiple Bay Data Storage Device User's Manual www.vipower.com Table of Contents 1. How the SteelVine (VPMP-75511R/VPMA-75511R) Operates... 1 1-1 SteelVine

More information

BrightStor ARCserve Backup for Windows

BrightStor ARCserve Backup for Windows BrightStor ARCserve Backup for Windows Tape RAID Option Guide r11.5 D01183-1E This documentation and related computer software program (hereinafter referred to as the "Documentation") is for the end user's

More information

Seradex White Paper. Focus on these points for optimizing the performance of a Seradex ERP SQL database:

Seradex White Paper. Focus on these points for optimizing the performance of a Seradex ERP SQL database: Seradex White Paper A Discussion of Issues in the Manufacturing OrderStream Microsoft SQL Server High Performance for Your Business Executive Summary Microsoft SQL Server is the leading database product

More information

Onboard-RAID. Onboard-RAID supports striping (RAID 0), mirroring (RAID 1), striping/mirroring (RAID 0+1), or spanning (JBOD) operation, respectively.

Onboard-RAID. Onboard-RAID supports striping (RAID 0), mirroring (RAID 1), striping/mirroring (RAID 0+1), or spanning (JBOD) operation, respectively. 1. Introduction Onboard-RAID IEI s Onboard-RAID is designed with Promise IDE RAID controller to provide a cost-effective, high performance RAID that adds performance and/or reliability to systems using

More information

Storage Options for Document Management

Storage Options for Document Management Storage Options for Document Management Document management and imaging systems store large volumes of data, which must be maintained for long periods of time. Choosing storage is not simply a matter of

More information

RAID5 versus RAID10. First let's get on the same page so we're all talking about apples.

RAID5 versus RAID10. First let's get on the same page so we're all talking about apples. RAID5 versus RAID10 First let's get on the same page so we're all talking about apples. What is RAID? RAID originally stood for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disk and was an idea proposed in the early

More information

Linux Software Raid. Aug 2010. Mark A. Davis

Linux Software Raid. Aug 2010. Mark A. Davis Linux Software Raid Aug 2010 Mark A. Davis a What is RAID? Redundant Array of Inexpensive/Independent Drives It is a method of combining more than one hard drive into a logic unit for the purpose of: Increasing

More information

Intel RAID Software User s Guide:

Intel RAID Software User s Guide: Intel RAID Software User s Guide: Intel Embedded Server RAID Technology II Intel Integrated Server RAID Intel RAID Controllers using the Intel RAID Software Stack 3 Revision 8.0 August, 2008 Intel Order

More information

SiS 180 S-ATA User s Manual. Quick User s Guide. Version 0.1

SiS 180 S-ATA User s Manual. Quick User s Guide. Version 0.1 SiS 180 S-ATA User s Manual Quick User s Guide Version 0.1 Edition April 2003 Copyright Trademarks SiS is a registered trademark of Silicon Integrated Systems Corp. All brand or product names mentioned

More information

RAID Technology. RAID Overview

RAID Technology. RAID Overview Technology In the 1980s, hard-disk drive capacities were limited and large drives commanded a premium price. As an alternative to costly, high-capacity individual drives, storage system developers began

More information