IDF Health Insurance Toolkit for Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases and Their Families

Transcription

1 IDF Health Insurance Toolkit for Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases and Their Families Updated October 2013

2 IDF Health Insurance Toolkit for Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases and Their Families Having the tools you need to select the right healthcare plan for you and your family is very important. The passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as the healthcare reform law, has led to significant changes in the way individuals and families can receive healthcare coverage. Historically, those affected by chronic conditions had limited opportunities to obtain healthcare coverage in the individual market. The ACA created Health Insurance Marketplaces (formerly referred to as Exchanges), which are intended to be transparent and competitive markets where individuals and small businesses can buy qualified health plans that meet certain benefit and cost standards. Every state will have a Marketplace/Exchange in 2014 that will offer a variety of health plan options presented in four categories (tiers) bronze, silver, gold and platinum. In the Marketplace, you can compare coverage options based on price, benefits, quality and other features important to you. Regardless of how you and your family obtain your health insurance plan, it is ultimately your responsibility to choose the plan that is right for you. It is essential to understand your family s healthcare needs and the medical services used most often in order to properly evaluate your plan options. The selection of an appropriate health plan can affect both your health and your finances. The Immune Deficiency Foundation (IDF) is proud to offer this toolkit to provide you with information, facts, resources and worksheets to help you choose the best possible options for you and your family. This toolkit reflects rules and protections already in place under the ACA and those that take effect in For unfamiliar acronyms or terms, see the Glossary of Commonly Used Healthcare Acronyms and Terms that begins on page 29. IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 2

3 About the Immune Deficiency Foundation The Immune Deficiency Foundation (IDF) is the national non-profit patient organization dedicated to improving the diagnosis, treatment and quality of life of persons with primary immunodeficiency diseases through advocacy, education and research. IDF was founded in 1980 by parents of children with primary immunodeficiencies and their physicians. At that time, there were few treatments for primary immunodeficiency diseases, almost no educational materials for patients, no public advocacy initiatives, and little research being done. Over the years, IDF has pursued an aggressive agenda to remediate these problems and has made tremendous strides in the following areas: Helping the patient and professional communities gain a broader understanding of primary immunodeficiency diseases through comprehensive education and outreach efforts; Promoting, participating in, funding and supporting research that has helped characterize primary immunodeficiency diseases and given healthcare providers substantially improved treatment options for the care of patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases; Addressing patient needs through public policy programs on local, national and international levels by focusing on issues such as insurance reimbursement, patient confidentiality, SCID newborn screening, preventing genetic discrimination, ensuring the safety and availability of immunoglobulin therapy, and maintaining and enhancing patient access to a full range of treatment options; Establishing supportive networks of patients and professionals to ensure that the needs of patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases are recognized and addressed. In the United States, approximately 250,000 people are diagnosed with a primary immunodeficiency disease, and many more go undetected. Representing a group of more than 185 different rare disorders, primary immunodeficiencies are often difficult to diagnose. While not contagious, these diseases are caused by hereditary or genetic defects, in which part of the body s immune system is missing or functions improperly. These individuals live throughout the country and experience a number of problems, which have been documented by IDF. These patient problems include: Difficulty in finding specialized healthcare by immunologists or care providers knowledgeable about immunodeficiency An inordinate delay in reaching proper diagnoses Problems with availability of appropriate treatment Difficulties financing healthcare and treatment Finding instructional materials about the specific diseases Educating the community and those with whom they come in contact about their disease and particular needs Lack of peer support and connection to others with whom they can share experiences The goal of IDF is to address these issues and help affected individuals to overcome these difficulties, thereby enabling them to live healthy and productive lives. For more information, contact IDF: or IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 3

4 Table of Contents Private Health Plan Comparison Guide...6 Overview of the IDF Health Insurance Toolkit including questions to be asked when choosing a health plan. Getting Started...7 Identifies the materials needed and outlines the process to be followed in order to evaluate your health plan options. Personal Health Experience Stat Sheet...9 How to create a record of your (or your family s) health experiences for the past 12 months. Health Plan Cost Comparison Worksheet...11 Worksheet that, combined with your personal health experience stat sheet, is used to compare the cost of your various plan options as they relate to your specific benefit needs. Glossary of Commonly Used Healthcare Acronyms and Terms...29 Glossary and acronym list defining various healthcare terms, plan types, healthcare systems and health-related government agencies. FACT SHEETS Making Benefits Easier to Understand: Summary of Benefits and Coverage (SBC) and Uniform Glossary...14 Health insurance issuers and group health plans are required to provide you with a Summary of Benefits of Coverage to help you better understand and evaluate your health insurance choices. This section explains what is required and provides a link containing a sample SBC. What If I Am Denied Coverage? Appeals and Grievances...15 If you are denied coverage of healthcare claims, this section will help you understand the appeals process. I Have Coverage, What Does the ACA Mean to Me? Individual Mandate...17 Under the ACA, starting in 2014, you must be enrolled in a health insurance plan that meets basic minimum standards. If you are not, you may be required to pay a penalty. This is often referred to as the individual mandate. Exempt from this are people with very low income for whom coverage is unaffordable, or for other reasons, including religious beliefs. This section includes a chart that illustrates the various ways individuals can comply with the requirements of the mandate. Does My Current Plan Meet ACA Requirements?...18 t all plans are required to comply with ALL provisions of the ACA. In this section the ACA standards for health plans are outlined, and a chart is provided to illustrate to which plans each provision applies. IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 4

5 Table of Contents (cont.) Where Can I Go to Get Help? Consumer Assistance...19 Under the ACA various consumer assistance programs have been developed to help consumers understand their insurance options and to assist with enrollment, appeals, etc. This section identifies the various resources available to consumers having problems or questions about health insurance. What Is the Health Insurance Marketplace? Marketplace Primer...20 The Marketplace is intended to be a one-stop-shop or no-wrong-door way to explore health plan options available in your state. This section serves as a primer to explain the Marketplace. What Level of Coverage Is Available through the Marketplace? Standardized Health Plans: Four Levels of Coverage...23 Under the ACA health plans can provide four levels of coverage, sometimes referred to as metal tiers. This section explains the difference between these tiers and the cost shares associated with each. What If I Can t Afford Coverage? Subsidies to Buy Coverage in the Health Insurance Marketplace..25 Under the ACA, individuals who purchase coverage through a Health Insurance Marketplace may be eligible for financial assistance if their household income is less than 400% of the federal poverty level and they do not have minimum essential coverage. This section provides information about what types of assistance are available and rules regarding eligibility. Consumer Resources List of nonprofit and government resources. IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 5

6 Private Health Plan Comparison Guide Determining which health plan is most appropriate for your needs can often be a difficult process whether it is an individual or family policy offered through your employer (a group health plan) or one you acquired as an individual. There are many things to consider when reviewing your options. These considerations fall under two categories: cost and benefit design. Most people first consider the cost of a plan when making a decision. Our goal is to provide you with a tool to help you compare and evaluate the cost and benefits of various plans that may be offered to you by an employer or an insurance Marketplace in your state. Questions typically asked by people when choosing a plan include: What is the monthly/annual premium for the plan? What is the total of my yearly out-of-pocket costs, including medical and prescription co-pays, deductibles and coinsurance? Does it cover all the services I need? Are my physicians in network? Are there annual limits on the number of visits for any particular service? (For example, physical therapy is often limited to a certain number of visits per year.) Are out-of-network benefits available? What percentage of the cost am I responsible for if I receive outof-network care? Am I covered if I get sick/need treatment out of state? For those affected by primary immunodeficiency disease, there are often additional, more specific questions you must ask that relate to what benefits are covered and how, such as: Is immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy covered? If so, is it a part of major medical or a pharmacy benefit? Do I have a choice of site of care (hospital, home infusion, physician s office)? Do I have a choice of administration of therapy, i.e. subcutaneous (SCIG) or intravenous (IVIG)? What is my out-of-pocket cost for my Ig therapy? Are supplies and nursing services covered? Do I need a referral to see a specialist? What services require prior authorization? Is Ig therapy subject to a restrictive formulary? Will I be required to switch from my current Ig product to another product? Does the plan provide a case manager to assist me with navigating my benefits? Answers to some of these questions, relative to cost and generally covered benefits, can be found by reviewing a plan s summary of benefits, drug formulary list and provider network directory. However, sometimes you will need to find out more information from the plan to get all of the information you need. While this is often considered a tedious process, it is one of the most important steps you can take to ensure that a plan meets your needs. It is better to know everything you can about your plan before you pick it than finding out problems and hidden costs after you have made a decision. It is important to remember that Once you choose a plan, you cannot change until the next open enrollment period unless you experience a qualifying life event. IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 6

7 Getting Started Step 1 Complete the Personal Health Experience Stat Sheet (page 9). This document was designed to identify and quantify the health services used by you and your family in the previous 12 months, providing you with a list of benefits your new plan should include. Step 2 Have a copy of the Glossary of Commonly Used Healthcare Acronyms and Terms (page 29) at hand. Step 3 Collect from your Human Resources representative, insurance agent, or Marketplace the following documents for each health plan being offered. (te: often you will be provided a link to this information on the insurance carrier s website.) A. Benefit Summary Health insurers and group health plans are required to provide you with an easy-tounderstand summary of a health plan s benefits and coverage. For more information on what should be included in your benefit summary, please see the Fact Sheets section of this toolkit. B. Drug Formulary Health insurers maintain a formulary (sometimes referred to as a Preferred Drug List or PDL), which is a list of prescription drugs, both generic and brand name, that are covered through your health plan. Formularies classify drugs by different cost tiers that define the plan member s copayment (co-pay) amount and/or coinsurance levels. Typically, generic drugs require the lowest co-pay from plan members. C. Provider Network Booklet A provider network is a group of providers (such as physicians, hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, pharmacy or other licensed, certified institutions, or health professionals) that have contracted with the health plan to provide healthcare services to plan members at agreed upon billing rates. Depending on the plan s design, members who receive care from a provider not included in the network may have less or no coverage for that provider and/or service received. It is important to note that many insurers offer several different plan options, each of which may have a different provider network. It is important to review the provider network for each plan. D. Health Savings Account or Flexible Spending Account If your employer provides either of these programs, printed copies of the details will be helpful. A Health Savings Account is a medical savings account available to individuals enrolled in a high-deductible health plan that meets certain federal rules for out-of-pocket costs. The funds contributed to an account are not subject to federal income tax at the time of deposit. Healthcare Flexible Spending Accounts are employer-established benefit plans that reimburse employees for specified medical expenses as they are incurred. The employee contributes funds to the account through a salary reduction agreement and is able to withdraw the funds set aside to pay for medical bills. Step 4 Begin using your Health Plan Cost Comparison Worksheet (page 11). One way to evaluate your potential plan cost is to base your review on your prior year s medical experience. Using the information included on your Personal Health Experience Stat Sheet, the plan s summary of benefits, and drug formulary list, fill in each section that applies on the worksheet. It is important to remember that unexpected medical needs often arise. Their costs are often unpredictable. The IDF Health Insurance Toolkit is designed to provide you with a general idea of the predictable costs associated with your health plan based on your family s known health situations. While these documents may answer many of the questions important to choosing the appropriate plan, there may be some questions that require additional resources. To answer these questions, begin by contacting your human resources/benefits administration department, broker or your health plan s customer service representative. There are many resources available to consumers who need additional help. For more IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 7

8 information and/or a list of available resources, you can contact IDF at or visit You may find that you have the option to choose between multiple plan types and designs such as HMO, PPO, POS or EPO (see Glossary for explanations). The IDF Health Insurance Toolkit was developed to assist you in evaluating your plan options. The Health Plan Cost Comparison Worksheet (page 11) was designed to help in performing a side-by-side comparison of your plan options by helping to identify covered benefits and out-ofpocket costs associated with each. The chart can be used in two ways: to make general comparisons between health plans or to highlight the costs and benefits specific to your individual needs. IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 8

9 Personal Health Experience Stat Sheet Choosing a healthcare plan can be very confusing. There are many things to consider; two of the most important are cost and benefit design. When trying to determine your potential out-of-pocket (OOP) costs, it is important to determine which benefits you (and your family, if you are all on the same policy) typically use and how often you use them. This will help you project your OOP costs for the upcoming benefit year. The easiest way to do this is to ask yourself the following questions: In the past 12 months, I have: 1. Visited my primary care physician time(s). Spent $ in out of pocket costs (OOP) a) Spouse has visited his/her primary care physician time(s). Spent $ (OOP) b) Child(ren) have visited their primary care physician time(s). Spent $ (OOP) 2. Been seen by a specialist time(s). Spent $ (OOP) a) Spouse time(s). Spent $ (OOP) b) Child(ren) time(s). Spent $ (OOP) 3. Visited an ER time(s). Spent $ (OOP) a) Spouse time(s). Spent $ (OOP) b) Child(ren) time(s). Spent $ (OOP) 4. Purchased prescriptions (including for my family) at my local pharmacy. a) What was the name of the medication(s)? b) Was it recurring (or maintenance) medication or was it for a one time use? 5. Number of immunoglobulin therapy treatments IV or SC? Spent $ OOP 6. Been admitted to a hospital for an overnight stay time(s). a) Spouse time(s). b) Child(ren) time(s). 7. Needed home health services (such as nursing care including IVIG infusions) time(s). a) Spouse time(s). b) Child(ren) time(s). 8. Visited an urgent care center time(s). a) Spouse time(s). b) Child(ren) time(s). IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 9

10 The following is a list of all doctors (including specialists) and facilities that I / my family used in the past 12 months: Primary Care Physician(s): Specialist(s): Urgent Care Center(s): Lab Facility: Hospital Facility: Ophthalmologist: Dentist: Retail Pharmacy: Specialty Pharmacy: Other: IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 10

11 Health Plan Cost Comparison Worksheet Healthcare Plans (put name of each plan offered in separate column) Plan Name Plan type (EPO, HMO, PPO, POS) Does the plan require you to choose a primary care physician (PCP)? If so, is your current PCP in network? Annual Premium $ $ $ Financial (deductible/coinsurance/annual limits) Deductible (in network): Individual Family Deductible (out of network): Individual Family Is the deductible included in the out of pocket? Are any services covered before the deductible is met? $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Coinsurance (i.e. 80% plan pays/20% OOP, 70/30) % % % Maximum out of pocket: Individual Family Does the plan have annual limits? 1 $ $ $ $ If so, what is the limit? $ $ $ Preventive Care 2 Physical exam $ $ $ Routine pediatric care $ $ $ Immunizations 3 $ $ $ Major Medical Do you have a copy of the plan s provider list? (Worksheet continued on next page) $ $ $ $ $ $ IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 11

12 Plan Name In Network Please note: cost shares may vary when using out of network providers If permitted, indicate plan s percentage of cost for out of network services % % % Outpatient Care (ongoing co-pays after deductible is met) Physician office co-pay $ $ $ Specialist co-pay $ $ $ Surgery $ $ $ Laboratory services $ $ $ Hospital Care (inpatient services) Physician s and surgeon s services $ $ $ Semi-private room and board $ $ $ All drugs and medications $ $ $ Emergency Care 4 Emergency room $ $ $ Urgent care center $ $ $ Maternity Care Prenatal and postnatal care (per visit) $ $ $ Hospital services (mother and child) $ $ $ Substance Abuse Inpatient: visits allowed per calendar year Outpatient: visits allowed per calendar year $ $ $ $ $ $ Mental Health 5 Inpatient: visits allowed per calendar year Outpatient: visits allowed per calendar year (Worksheet continued on next page) IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 12

13 Plan Name Pharmacy Benefit (do you have a copy of the plan s drug formulary list?) Yearly deductible (pharmacy) $ $ $ Co-pay Tier 1 (generics) $ $ $ Co-pay Tier 2 (brand/preferred) $ $ $ Co-pay Tier 3 (brand/nonpreferred) $ $ $ Coinsurance Tier 4 (specialty tier) % cost share or co-pay $ amt If your plan has a specialty tier with coinsurance, is there maximum OOP cost for each prescription? Is there a yearly maximum OOP? Is immunoglobulin covered under the pharmacy benefit? Do you have more than one choice of pharmacy provider? Other (if offered) $ or % $ or % $ or % Chiropractic $ $ $ Short-term rehabilitation: inpatient $ $ $ Short-term rehabilitation: outpatient $ $ $ Skilled nursing facility (SNF) (Is immunoglobulin covered while inpatient?) $ $ $ Home healthcare $ $ $ Hospice care: inpatient $ $ $ Hospice care: outpatient $ $ $ Durable medical equipment (DME) $ $ $ Total Estimated Cost 1 For any plan issued after 9/23/12, the annual limit can be no less than $2 million, unless the plan receives a waiver from the rule. For any plan issued after 01/01/14, annual dollar limits are prohibited. 2 For a complete list of preventive services for which there is no co-pay allowed under the ACA, go to: 3 The ACA bans co-pays for recommended vaccines for adults and children. 4 For group plans and individual policies created or issued after 3/23/2010, the ACA bans higher co-pays or coinsurance for out-ofnetwork ER services. 5 The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act prohibits plans from imposing higher deductibles or co-pays or tighter limits on visits than are allowed for medical services in the plan. IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 13

14 Making Benefits Easier to Understand: Summary of Benefits and Coverage (SBC) and Uniform Glossary Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), all health insurance companies and employers offering coverage will have to use the same standard form to summarize the benefits and coverage offered under the plan. With each insurance company and employer using the same form, consumers can more clearly compare plans and choose one, and they can better understand the benefits and costs they have under the plan in which they are enrolled. The new, standard summaries will include information on important elements of the coverage, such as the deductible, co-pays, services not covered by the plan, and whether enrollees need a referral to see a specialist all presented in a way that makes it easier for consumers to make an apples-to-apples comparison of their coverage options. The Summary of Benefits and Coverage (SBC) must also include coverage examples of two common medical conditions (managing diabetes and having a baby), offered in a format modeled after the Nutrition Facts label consumers use now to make informed decisions about food choices. All health insurance companies and employer plans must also provide consumers with a uniform glossary of terms commonly used in health insurance coverage, such as deductible, non-preferred provider, and coinsurance. Some additional points to keep in mind: If an employer offers some benefits under a separate policy, such as prescription drug coverage or mental health services, they can provide multiple forms, which may be confusing. Starting in late 2013, employers will have to combine all information on one form. The SBC requirement applies to all plans, whether you buy it on your own or get it from an employer. Health plans must automatically provide the standard summary to a person who completes an application for coverage or to any person who requests a summary (within seven days). Employers must provide the summary when coverage renews (30 days prior to renewal) and upon request (within seven business days). Employers must also provide an updated summary if there is a substantial change in coverage during the plan year. For a sample of the new summary of coverage, go to: To see the uniform glossary of terms, go to: IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 14

15 What If I Am Denied Coverage? Appeals and Grievances Dealing with insurance companies can be a complicated and frustrating endeavor and even more so when dealing with a chronic illness, such as a primary immunodeficiency disease. Should your insurance plan deny coverage of a medically necessary treatment, you could be left in an anxious situation not knowing how you will get your next dosage. Fortunately, there are options available to you that will allow you to appeal your insurance company s decision. In addition to filing an appeal, you may also wish to speak with an insurance case manager, should your plan provide one, as a resource regarding your grievance. Guarantees of the Affordable Care Act The Affordable Care Act (ACA) includes new rules that spell out how your plan must handle your appeal (usually called an internal appeal ). If your plan still denies payment after considering your appeal, the ACA permits you to have an independent review organization decide whether to uphold or overturn the plan s decision. This final check is often referred to as an external appeal. When your plan denies a claim, it is required they notify you of the reason the claim was denied, your right to file an internal appeal, your right to request an external review if your internal appeal was unsuccessful, and the availability of a Consumer Assistance Program (CAP) that can help you file an appeal or request a review (if your state has such a program). How to File an Appeal When you request an internal appeal, your insurance company may ask your provider for more information in order to make a decision about the claim. They should inform you of the deadline to send additional information and if a deadline is not given, call your insurer at the number on the back of your ID card. Remember, you should receive the denial in writing. Be proactive and call your insurance company. Also, keep notes on every conversation you may have with your insurance company. When you request an internal appeal, your plan must give you its decision within: o o o 72 hours after receiving your request when you are appealing the denial of a claim for urgent care. (If your appeal concerns urgent care, you may be able to have the internal appeal and external review take place at the same time). 30 days for denials of non-urgent care you have not yet received. 60 days for denials of services you have already received Steps in the Appeal Process 1. You have the right to appeal this decision in writing to the appropriate department. You can find the address to submit appeals in the denial letter, your coverage documents or by contacting your insurer using the member services telephone number on your ID card. Write a clear and simple letter providing: a) Pertinent clinical information regarding your health history and treatment history as well as your medical records documenting past drug trials and health history. Your prescribing physician should have these. b) History of any adverse reactions or side effects you have had to similar treatments c) If your insurer requires the prescribing physician to complete a drug authorization form, you should make sure this has been done; and d) If you received a letter of denial for the treatment, ensure that the information provided directly addresses the reasons for the denial. e) If the dispute is over the medical necessity of your treatment, your physician s support in the form of a letter including studies supporting the benefit of the treatment in question is invaluable. Request that your physician write a letter of medical necessity. A service is IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 15

16 medically necessary if it meets any one of the three standards below: The service or benefit will, or is reasonably expected to, prevent the onset of an illness condition, or disability. The service or benefit will, or is reasonably expected to, reduce or ameliorate the physical, mental or developmental effects of an illness, condition or disability. The service or benefit will assist the individual to achieve or maintain maximum functional capacity in performing daily activities taking into account both the functional capacity of the individual and those functional capacities that are appropriate for individuals of the same age. The letter should assert that the prescribed treatment is medically necessary and: Any product on the formulary would not be as effective and/or would be harmful to you. All other product or dosage alternatives on the plan s formulary have been ineffective or caused harm, or based on sound clinical evidence and knowledge of the patient, are likely to be ineffective or cause harm. f) Contact your insurer after submitting your request to make sure they have received it. 2. Your physician can also request a peer-to-peer review to discuss the specific reason why this type of treatment is needed for you if the initial appeal is unsuccessful. 3. If after internal appeal the plan still denies your request for payment or services, you can ask for an Independent External Review. This will be a reconsideration of your original claim by professionals with no connection to your insurance plan. Your plan must include information on your denial notice about how to request this review, do not assume this happens automatically. If the independent reviewers think your plan should cover your claim, your health plan must cover it. How much the ACA will change your current appeal rights depends on the state you live in and the type of plan you have. Some group plans may require more than one level of internal appeal before you are allowed to submit a request for an external review. However, all levels of the internal appeals process must be completed within the timeframes above. The new rules apply only to new plans (purchased or created after 3/23/2010). Grandfathered plans do not have to comply with the new rules. However, over time all plans will lose that status and have to comply IDF Health Insurance Toolkit - 16