Wireless Transmission Systems. Instructor
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1 Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 Wireless Transmission Systems Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 Mr. Jeff MDougall Instrutor Eduation: BS - EE Texas A&M University MS - EE Johns Hopkins University PhD - EE Texas A&M University 99-?? Appliable Experiene: APL (DoD ontrator), RF systems engineer for prototype Navy and DoT initiatives inluding VHF marine links, ISM DSRC links, Doppler radar, unique transmission systems, UAV ommuniation links, and projet management SwRI (DoD, CIA and other ontrator), Unique over the horizon ommuniation link analysis and waveform study. Invisix (Mobile Carrier Systems Integrator), Design, implementation and doumentation of a Wireless Internet Servie Provider network 2
2 Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 Course Plaement within TET Program Teleom Servies 325 Data Comm 435 Senior Projet 42 Intro to Teleom 25 Teleom Testing 345 Transmission & Swithing 45 Wireless Trans Systems 455 LAN/ WAN 425 Private Networks Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 Course Overview Wireless Trans Systems 455 The Wireless Radio - Analog Modulation (wk -2) Digital Modulation (wk 3-5) Propagation and Link Design - Antennas (wk 6) Propagation and Mirowave Links (wk 7) Mobile Fading (wk 8) Atmospheri Effets (wk 9) Wireless Communiation Systems Multiple Aess Tehniques (wk ) Satellite Networks (wk -2) Cellular Networks (wk 3-5) 4 2
3 Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 NO CHEATING Ground Rules Treat this lass as your job 4 hr redit = 2 hours of work eah WEEK Prepare for lass (read notes and book) Turn in assignments on time Attend leture and lab (without attendane, your test grades will suffer! Not all notes are ontained on the slides, new material will be presented in lass) Be respetful of your lassmates and your instrutor There are no stupid questions Come to lass ON TIME, and AWAKE Approah this lass with the right attitude, don t take it to graduate, take it to learn about Wireless ommuniations! 5 Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 Syllabus Overview TEXT - Buy it! Prerequisite - ENTC 45 No Late assignments will be aepted w/o TAMU exuse No Make-up tests Term paper Random Quizzes to test lass preparation Homework, this is a problem solving ourse unlike 45! Homework will ount for an entire test grade. Passing lab grade is mandatory Only two tests and an early Final 6 3
4 Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 Introdution to Wireless Communiations What is meant by wireless? The physial phenomena known as radio waves were first known as Hertzian Waves. Hertz showed that the eletro-magneti phenomena (under study by Tesla) ould be used to transfer energy between loations without a physial onnetion. Guglielmo Maroni began work in 894 to reprodue the Hertz laboratory experiment over greater distanes. His study and efforts brought about the first radio link in the form of wireless telegraph. His efforts gave him the title: Father of Radio The ombined works of Tesla, Hertz, and Maroni proved that eletro-magneti phenomena (suh as a large spark) generated at one loation ould be deteted at another loation without a diret physial onnetion between loations. Thus, the ability to ommuniate without wires i.e. Wireless. 7 Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 Introdution to Wireless Communiations Why not employ only wireless ommuniations? Wireless links inherently are more omplex than wireline links Wireless links suffer from unfavorable hannel harateristis There is a very limited spetrum for wireless ommuniation Wireless ommuniation is suseptible to interept Why employ any wireless ommuniations? Mobility (generally a luxury item) Minimize required infrastruture (ountries with little to no wired infrastruture) Disaster reovery Long distane, low data-rate links (Satellite links) 8 4
5 Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 Introdution to Wireless Communiations Challenges of Wireless Communiations: VERY limited resoures Unstable hannel harateristis Multi-user Interferene Line of Sight (LOS) for frequenies ~>MHz Mobility Issues Battery power Low antenna apertures RF radiation levels Antenna Size Extremely low reeive power levels 9 Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 Introdution to Wireless Communiations Types of Wireless Communiations Mirowave Link Satellite Link Mobile Cellular Infrared Links ISM appliations Cordless phones Wireless LANs Military Marine Sientifi Insert piture from pg 7 of omm Sys Engineering 5
6 Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 Introdution to Wireless Communiations The digital ommuniation model Information Soure and input transduer Sound waves k Digital Bits Soure Enoder n<k Digital Bits Channel Enoder d>n Digital Bits Modulation Channel N Digital Symbols N Digital Symbols Output Transduer Soure Deoder Channel Deoder Demodulator Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 Modulation Overview Modulation is a proess that auses a shift in the range of frequenies in a signal. Modulation takes a message signal at baseband and shifts the range of frequenies to ahieve arrier ommuniation. The term baseband is used to designate the band of frequenies of the signal delivered by the soure or the input transduer. The term arrier ommuniation desribes the use of a arrier to shift the frequeny range and enode the basband signal with one or more of the arriers basi parameters: amplitude, frequeny and phase. 2 6
7 Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 A message signal m(t) is transmitted through a ommuniation hannel by impressing it upon a arrier signal of the form: ( t ) = A os( 2π f t+ φ ) Where A is the amplitude, f is the arrier frequeny, and is the arrier phase. The message signal m(t) modulate the arrier signal (t) in either amplitude, frequeny, or phase. In effet, modulation translates the message signal to a higher frequeny. 3 Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 The most basi form of Amplitude modulation (DSB-SC) is obtained by multiplying the message signal m(t) with the arrier signal (t). u ( t) = A m( t) os( 2π f t+ φ ) Carrier frequeny.5 m(t) at 2dB SNR.5 signal u(t) * =
8 Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 The most basi representation of frequeny modulation is aomplished by altering the instantaneous frequeny of the arrier by a message signal. u ( t) = A os( 2π ( f + f ( t) ) t + φ ) f m ( t) k m( t) m = f Modulated by 2-2 = Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 The most basi form of phase modulation is altering the instantaneous phase of a arrier by a message signal. u ( t) = A os( 2π f t+ φ ( t) ) m Modulated by -.5 =
9 Teleommuniation Engineering Tehnology, Texas A&M University Wireless Transmission Systems Leture Notes - Copyright Jeff M. MDougall 2 Eah modulation tehnique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. The following are some items to onsider when hoosing a modulation tehnique. Amplitude - requires fairly onstant reeive amplitude for good performane and usually requires a arrier for phase estimation. It is very easy to demodulate and works well for heap reeivers. Frequeny & Phase - modulating in frequeny or phase is relatively the same thing as the two are intriately related. Requires LTI hannel and some indiation of the arrier phase for good performane. 7 9
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