RIIOHS302A IMPLEMENT TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN LEARNER GUIDE Module One Plan And Prepare

Transcription

1

2 RIIOHS302A IMPLEMENT TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN LEARNER GUIDE

3 THE CUNNING FAMILY TRUST AND THE PEACHEY FAMILY TRUST TRADING AS SAFE WORK RESOURCES PTY LTD ABN ( SAFE WORK RESOURCES ) The information, software, products, and services included in or available through the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products may include inaccuracies, operational or typographical errors. Changes are periodically added to the information herein. Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses may make improvements and/or changes in the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products at any time. Advice received via the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products is of a general nature and should not be relied upon for personal, medical, legal or financial decisions and you should consult an appropriate professional for specific advice tailored to your situation. Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses make no representations about the suitability, reliability, availability, timeliness, and accuracy of the information, software, products, services and related graphics contained on the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products for any purpose. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, all such information, software, products, services and related graphics are provided "as is" without guarantee, warranty or condition of any kind. Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses hereby, to the maximum of extent permitted by applicable law, disclaim all guarantees, warranties and conditions with regard to this information, software, products, services and related graphics, including all implied warranties or conditions of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement and to the extend guarantees, warranties and conditions are implied and cannot be excluded, Safe Work Resources limits its liability at Safe Work Resources option to the: replacement of the goods or the supply of equivalent goods; repair of the goods or payment of the cost of having the goods repaired; payment of the cost of replacing the goods or of acquiring equivalent goods; or resupplying the services or the costs of resupplying the services. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event shall Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses be liable for any direct, indirect, punitive, incidental, special, consequential losses or damages or any damages whatsoever including, without limitation, damages for injury or death, loss of use, data, profits, revenue, production, opportunity, goodwill or any similar loss whether or not in your reasonable contemplation, arising out of or in any way connected with the use or performance of the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products with the delay or inability to use the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or related services, the provision of or failure to provide services, or for any information, software, products, services and related graphics obtained through the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or otherwise arising out of the use of the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products whether based on contract, tort, negligence, strict liability or otherwise, even if Safe Work Resources or any of its associated companies/businesses has been advised of the possibility of damages. Because some states/jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation may not apply to you. If you are dissatisfied with any portion of the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or related services or with any of these terms of use, your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue using the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or related services. Your use of the Safe Work Resources information, software, products & services is governed by the laws of the state of Victoria and you hereby agree to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of or in Victoria and courts of appeal therefrom. Page 2

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Review Log... 5! Module Basis... 5! 1.1 Introduction... 6! Traffic Management Plan... 7! Traffic Guidance Scheme... 8! 1.2 Compliance Documentation... 9! Harmonisation Of Work Health & Safety Legislation... 10! Key Elements Of The Work Health & Safety Legislation... 11! Requirements For A Traffic Management Plan... 12! Interpreting And Applying Compliance Documentation... 14! 1.3 Obtain, Confirm And Apply Work Instructions... 15! Identify Work Instructions... 16! Clarify And Confirm Requirements And Instructions... 17! Specific Traffic Control Instructions And Details... 18! Identify And Apply Quality Requirements... 20! 1.4 Obtain, Confirm And Apply Safety Requirements... 21! Providing A Safe Worksite... 22! 1.5 Risk Management... 23! Major Traffic Management Risks And Hazards... 24! Safe Operating Procedures For Traffic Management... 25! Hazard Control Measures... 27! Site Isolation And Traffic Control... 28! Review Of Control Measures... 30! Personal Protective Equipment... 31! Safe Work Method Statements... 32! 1.6 Signage And Devices Requirements... 34! Signage And Devices... 35! Tapers... 36! Checks And Maintenance... 37! 1.7 Selection And Checking Of Tools And Equipment... 38! Tools And Equipment... 39! Check Serviceability And Report Defects... 40! 1.8 Environmental Protection Requirements... 41! Environmental Management Plan... 42! Waste/Clean-Up Management... 42! Water Quality Protection... 43! Noise And Vibration Control... 43! Dust Management... 45! 1.9 Check Traffic Controller Accreditation... 46! Page 3

5 1.10 Site Traffic Flow Requirements... 47! Traffic Control Situations... 48! Traffic Control Duties... 49! Appendix 1A Work Health & Safety Common Terms And Definitions... 50! Appendix 1B References... 51! Appendix 1C Hazard Report Form... 52! Page 4

6 REVIEW LOG Version Number Date Updated Details of Updates Version 3 Released August, 2011 Version 4H Supersedes previous version. Released July, 2013 Content updated to reflect: Harmonisation of OHS/WHS legislation and regulations. Document template updated. MODULE BASIS This module is based on the unit of competency RIIOHS302A Implement Traffic Management Plan. Element 1 Plan and prepare. 1.1 Access, interpret and apply compliance documentation relevant to implement a traffic management plans. 1.2 Obtain, confirm and apply work instructions relevant to the allotted task. 1.3 Obtain, confirm and apply safety requirements from the site safety plan and organisational policies and procedures to the allotted task. 1.4 Identify, obtain and implement signage and devices requirements from the project traffic management plan. 1.5 Select tools and equipment to carry out tasks that are consistent with the requirements of the job, check them for serviceability and rectify or report any faults. 1.6 Identify, confirm and apply environmental protection requirements from the project environmental management plan to the allotted task. 1.7 Check the designated traffic controllers' training and qualifications for currency as per legislation. 1.8 Advise traffic controllers of the traffic flow requirements for the site. Page 5

7 1.1 INTRODUCTION This course is based on the unit RIIOHS302A: Implement Traffic Management Plan. It is intended for persons working in the civil construction industry who have responsibility for the safe movement of traffic through and around the worksite. The course covers: Planning and preparing. Setting out. Monitoring and closing down the traffic guidance scheme. Cleaning up. Page 6

8 1.1.1 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN A Traffic Management Plan provides the details of proposals to safely manage traffic during the conduct of works on roads and normally includes: A traffic guidance scheme (diagrams). Worksite hazard assessment (such as a Safe Work Method Statement). Details of the location, nature and duration of the works. For long-term work the plan should also include details of the requirements to manage traffic through the worksite outside normal working hours or when workers are not present at the site (after-care). The Traffic Management Plan aims to: Protect workers, road users and pedestrians. Adequately instruct and guide road users safely through, around or past the worksite. Provide appropriate warnings of changes in the road surface, driving conditions and of personnel/workers and plant engaged in work on or adjacent to the road. Minimise the impact of the works on traffic and adjacent landowners/occupiers. Minimise disruptions to public transport. Communicate the arrangements for and impacts of, any activities affecting traffic. Page 7

9 A Traffic Management Plan is required by legislation whenever works affect traffic on: Public and private roads. Parking areas. Restricted access construction sites. This includes short-term works such as line marking or median strip mowing as and up to long term major road construction work TRAFFIC GUIDANCE SCHEME A Traffic Guidance Scheme shows, on a diagram or sketch, the physical arrangement of temporary traffic control signs and devices, to warn traffic and guide it through, past or around a work area or temporary hazard. This may include: Warning signs, lights, markers. Cones, bollards, barriers. Road and footpath closures. Detours or side tracks. Traffic controllers. Page 8

10 1.2 COMPLIANCE DOCUMENTATION Documentation is essential to planning all aspects of the worksite, setting out the what, when how and who of everything that needs to be done. When a Traffic Management Plan is developed, it must be guided by and comply with relevant compliance documentation. These are documents that require you to undertake tasks in a particular way or to meet a given standard. Worksites need to meet the requirements of a range of compliance documents, which may include: Legislative, organisation and site requirements and procedures for Occupational Health & Safety/Work Health & Safety (OHS/WHS), environment, duty of care. Licensing requirements. Employment and workplace relations legislation. Equal Employment Opportunity and Disability Discrimination legislation. Australian standards. Codes of practice. Emergency and evacuation procedures. Safe Work Method Statements (SWMS) and Job Safety Analysis (JSA). Plant and equipment manufacturer's guidelines and specifications. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). Page 9

11 It is important to understand your obligations under the different types of compliance documentation, as follows: Legislation/Acts Regulations Codes of Practice/ Compliance Codes Australian Standards Acts of Parliament and laws to protect the health, safety and welfare of people at work. More details or information on particular parts of the Act. Practical instructions on how to meet the terms of the law. The minimum levels of performance or quality for a hazard, work process or product HARMONISATION OF WORK HEALTH & SAFETY LEGISLATION In response to industry calls for greater national consistency, the Commonwealth, states and territories have agreed to implement nationally harmonised Work Health & Safety (WHS) legislation to commence on 1 January While not all states and territories have actually implemented the model WHS legislation as of the start of 2012, it is important to be aware of these changes, as all states and territories will eventually implement them. Harmonisation aims to develop consistent, reasonable and effective safety standards and protections for all Australian workers through uniform WHS laws, regulations and codes of practice. Page 10

12 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE WORK HEALTH & SAFETY LEGISLATION The following key elements of the WHS legislation will impact the way you do your job, and the responsibilities of your workplace: The legislation also outlines requirements for: The reporting requirements for notifiable incidents. Licences, permits and registrations (e.g. for persons engaged in high risk work or users of certain plant or substances). Provision for worker consultation, participation and representation at the workplace. Provision for the resolution of health and safety issues. Protection against discrimination. Many specific details relating to WHS will be negotiated within the workplace in accordance with the legislation. It is important that you speak with your Health and Safety Representative or supervisor for more information on how these elements will effect your day-to-day operations, or if you have any concerns relating to health and safety. A list of common WHS terms and their definitions can be found in Appendix 1A. Page 11

13 1.2.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR A TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN The most important compliance documents that relate to Traffic Management Plans are: State and territory traffic management legislation, regulations and codes of practice. Australian Standard AS : Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) Part 3: Traffic Control Devices for Works on Roads. Other reference documents that may apply to Traffic Management Plans are listed in Appendix 1B. The MUTCD Part 3 provides technical specifications and guidance for the setting out of temporary traffic control signs and devices used at road works. The MUTCD Part 3 also provides standard diagrams for traffic guidance schemes across a range of work activities and worksites. Each state and territory has established a Code of Practice for traffic management based on and incorporating AS Page 12

14 Generally the Code of Practice is intended to: 1. Establish and maintain a standardised approach to the conduct of works on roads (whether on the roadway or roadside) that protects the safety of road users and workers. 2. Establish a hazard-based assessment of worksite conditions to enable the identification and implementation of appropriate control measures to ensure a safe worksite. 3. Support the planning for, and management of, traffic to pass safely through, past or around a worksite, including the preparation and implementation of a traffic management plan. 4. Support the engagement of appropriately trained and qualified persons to carry out the works or direct traffic. You can find out what regulations and codes of practice apply in your state from the relevant Road and Traffic Authority office: State / Territory Department Website ACT Dept. of Territory and Municipal Services NT Dept. of Lands and Planning NSW Roads and Traffic Authority QLD Dept. of Transport & Main Roads SA Dept. for Transport, Energy & Infrastructure TAS Dept. of Infrastructure, Energy & Resources VIC VicRoads WA Main Roads Page 13

15 1.2.3 INTERPRETING AND APPLYING COMPLIANCE DOCUMENTATION Being able to access, interpret and apply the requirements of the documents is vital to carrying out your responsibilities for controlling traffic. Interpreting simply means explaining or understanding. Understanding compliance documentation will help you make the right decisions for each situation or task. It will tell you what is required and how you are expected to perform the tasks. When reading documents it is vital that you understand the difference between words such as should consider and must. If you are in any doubt as to what you should do after reading the documentation, it is essential you speak with your site manager or other designated person, for further instructions or clarification. Page 14

16 1.3 OBTAIN, CONFIRM AND APPLY WORK INSTRUCTIONS Before you start to plan any work make sure you talk to your supervisor, site manager or other persons authorised to confirm the job requirements. You should also obtain copies of all work instructions. Page 15

17 1.3.1 IDENTIFY WORK INSTRUCTIONS Work instructions can take many forms, either verbally or in writing, including: Page 16

18 The instructions will provide details such as: Specifications for the site, equipment and materials to be used. Quality requirements for the standard of work and documentation produced. Operational details such as site layout, local traffic characteristics, weather conditions. Safe work procedures or equivalent. Regulatory/legislative requirements. Plant and equipment manufacturers' specifications and instructions. Organisation work specifications and requirements such as timeframes, personnel/workers and equipment availability, costs. Instructions issued by authorised organisational or external personnel/workers. Relevant Australian Standards CLARIFY AND CONFIRM REQUIREMENTS AND INSTRUCTIONS It is essential that your work requirements are clarified, interpreted and confirmed correctly. Clarifying these instructions means asking questions until you understand broadly what is required of you. Interpreting the instructions means drawing out the information from the instructions that allows you to plan your work to successfully complete the assigned tasks. Page 17

19 1.3.3 SPECIFIC TRAFFIC CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS AND DETAILS To implement a Traffic Management Plan you will need to clarify instructions on the following matters where relevant (in addition to any prescribed requirements): The safety of the workers at the worksite and the public passing through or adjacent to the worksite. Overall strategy for the management of traffic, including traffic staging methodology during various stages of the work. Arrangement of traffic control devices for each stage of the works. Arrangement and number of traffic controllers required for each stage of the works. Emergency access for both workers and any emergency services vehicles travelling through the worksite. Any unusual hazards or job specific requirements e.g. nearby school or access to shops. Use of alternative routes as required. You will also need to make sure you understand the work instructions relating to provisions for factors such as: Provision for and impact on, public transport (e.g. delay to buses/trams, restrictions on passenger access to bus or tram stops, potential for traffic to queue across an adjacent railway crossing), including where possible, priority for public transport. Over-dimensional vehicles. Safe passage for pedestrians, cyclists and people with disabilities. Access to abutting properties. Page 18

20 Other work instructions will cover: Duration and times for conducting the works (e.g. day or night operation). Traffic management arrangements at the worksite outside normal working hours or when workers are not present at the site (after-care). Arrangements to address and monitor the risk of endof-queue collisions due to a build up of traffic at worksites. Emergency contact details. Communication arrangements. A complete understanding the requirements of the job will allow you to organise your work tasks and manage your time more effectively. To do this you may wish to create a to-do list or task sheet for yourself. Page 19

21 1.3.4 IDENTIFY AND APPLY QUALITY REQUIREMENTS All civil construction tasks and activities need to meet the project quality requirements. These requirements will detail exactly what you are expected to achieve and the standards you are expected to reach. Quality requirements may include: Dimensions and specifications of signs and devices. Material standards. Work standards. Documentation requirements. Project specifications. Client standards. Performance standards for minimising traffic disruption or delays. The procedures to be followed on-site will be based on the requirements contained in these project quality plans and specifications. To apply these requirements, you need to follow the plans and procedures exactly, and speak with your supervisor or site quality officer. Page 20

22 1.4 OBTAIN, CONFIRM AND APPLY SAFETY REQUIREMENTS The safety of work personnel/workers, road users and pedestrians is paramount. When implementing the Traffic Management Plan it is most important that you obtain, confirm and apply safety requirements from the site safety plan as well as the organisational policies and procedures to the allotted task. Page 21

23 1.4.1 PROVIDING A SAFE WORKSITE The organisation responsible for construction or maintenance operations needs to be aware of its responsibilities under State OHS/WHS legislation for any injury to road users or damage to property as a result of such operations. There is a further obligation to provide a safe workplace environment which minimises, as far as practicable, the likelihood of injury to workers by traffic within or adjacent to the work area. To meet these obligations, the organisation should ensure personnel/workers are appropriately trained. The person in control of construction, maintenance or other works, which require the use of a Traffic Guidance Scheme, has three main areas of responsibility. These requirements will be outlined in the site safety plan as follows: To provide, as far as practicable, safe and convenient travelling conditions for road users and a safe workplace for personnel/workers and plant under their control. Ensure that personnel/workers assigned to signing the works are adequately trained to perform the task and that traffic controllers are appropriately trained and informed of their duties. Be familiar with, and act as far as is practicable, in accordance with the provisions of legislation and organisation requirements. Page 22

24 1.5 RISK MANAGEMENT Risk management is the process of identifying and eliminating or controlling hazards on the worksite to reduce the risks associated with the task. A HAZARD is any thing or situation that causes injury, harm or damage. A RISK is the chance of a hazard hurting you or somebody else or causing some damage. If you can remove or at least control a HAZARD you can reduce the RISK involved. A risk management process should be carried out to: Identify hazards. Assess risks that may result because of the hazards. Decide on appropriate control measures to prevent or minimise the level of risks. Implement control measures. Monitor and review the effectiveness of the measures. See Appendix 1C for an example of a Hazard Report Form, which can be used to document the Risk Management process. More detail on the management of risk is given in AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009. Page 23

25 1.5.1 MAJOR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT RISKS AND HAZARDS For worksite traffic management, the major risks are: Speed of traffic adjacent to or through the worksite. Clearance between moving traffic, workers and roadwork plant and equipment. Traffic volume and vehicle composition. Geometry of the worksite, and approaches to the worksite. Duration of the works (both short and long term). Page 24

26 1.5.2 SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT The site safety plan and your organisation s policies and procedures will outline established safe operating procedures (SOPs) that should be followed in all day-to-day operations. These include: Recognising and preventing hazards in traffic management associated with: Uneven/unstable terrain. Pits, dirt mounds, excavations, embankments, cuttings, recently filled trenches. Overhead and underground services. Bridges, structures and surrounding buildings. Facilities. Trees, poles, obstructions. Trip hazards. Traffic and traffic control. Fires. Hazardous materials. Other machines. Personnel/workers, worksite visitors and the public. Restricted access barriers. Working in proximity to others. Page 25

27 Providing for safe parking practices, including making sure that: Access ways are clear. Equipment/machinery is away from overhangs and refuelling sites. A safe distance from excavations is maintained. Securing the site and equipment from unauthorised access or movement. Developing and implementing emergency procedures. Page 26

28 1.5.3 HAZARD CONTROL MEASURES To properly manage exposure to risks, the appropriate control measure should be applied in the following order: 1. Elimination 2. Substitution 3. Isolation 4. Engineering Controls 5. Administrative Controls 6. Personal Protective Equipment This is the best kind of hazard control. Eliminating or removing the hazard completely reduces any risk connected to it. An example of eliminating a hazard would be removing dangerous materials from the site, or repairing defective equipment. This is where you swap a dangerous work method or situation for one that is less dangerous. An example of this would be to use a group of people to move an item instead of trying to move it on your own (where the item cannot be broken down into smaller loads). This is where you isolate the hazard. This might mean fencing off an area or restricting access to the hazard in some other way. This is where you use an engineering or mechanical method of doing the job. An example would be installing ventilation, or using a piece of equipment to move a load instead of moving it by hand. This is where site rules and policies attempt to control a hazard. It can include working in teams, setting specific break times and frequent rotations for repetitive work or using signage to warn of hazards. This is your last line of defence and the least effective control it should be used in conjunction with other hazard control methods. PPE includes any safety equipment worn on your body. Workplaces often have mandatory PPE requirements to go on site. Page 27

29 1.5.4 SITE ISOLATION AND TRAFFIC CONTROL Isolation of the worksite using fences or barriers is the best way of providing for the safety of workers and the general public. However where this is not possible, appropriate traffic control methods should be selected to protect workers from traffic. Passage of traffic through a work area should only be permitted where both the traffic and the work can be adequately controlled. Traffic controllers or traffic signals should be employed as necessary to slow traffic on the immediate approach to an active work area, to stop traffic for short periods when required for the movement of plant or other operations, or to control single line flow. Page 28

30 Certain traffic control devices require authorisation from the Road Traffic Authority. This includes temporary works speed limit signs for speeds less than 40 km/hour and traffic signals. Traffic paths past the work area must be clearly delineated. Where the traffic path deviates from normal, this may require the obliteration of original pre-works delineation markings that are likely to misdirect drivers negotiating the site. When it is not practicable to allow traffic through or past the work area, it may be catered for by means of either a detour using existing roads or a specially constructed side-track. Prior approval of the signing layout should be obtained from the state or territory department of roads or transport or the local government as appropriate. Page 29

31 1.5.5 REVIEW OF CONTROL MEASURES Once a Hazard Control Strategy is in place you should review the situation to see if the risk has been reduced to an acceptable level and if there is more you can do to reduce the risk. Often a number of strategies need to be used together to reduce risk. The acceptable level of risk is determined by an organisation s policy, goals and objectives towards safety. Talk to your supervisor or health and safety officer if you are not sure about whether or not the risk has been reduced enough to carry out the work. If you determine the risk to be at an unacceptable level, the work must not be carried out until an authorised person can review the situation. Page 30

32 1.5.6 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Because of the potential hazards associated with working on or adjacent to road worksites, all persons working on or authorised to enter such worksites, shall be supplied by their employer/pcbu with the relevant high visibility personal protective equipment (PPE) and clothing (PPC) and shall be instructed to wear it at all times when required. This equipment and clothing should comprise of the following items: High visibility garments: Fluorescent high visibility vest, shirt, jacket or overalls (day use only). Retro-reflective outer garment (night use only). Safety footwear. And as required: Safety helmets (hat or cap type), which comply with the requirements of the current Australian Standard. High visibility cloth hats where safety policy permits. Approved skin protection (sun screen). Wet weather clothing (high visibility). Page 31

33 1.5.7 SAFE WORK METHOD STATEMENTS Most states require the preparation of a Safe Work Method Statement to identify all hazards and risks likely to arise at different phases of the construction works including when: A Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS) details how a job should be carried out and how the specific hazards and risks related to the task will be managed. Most organisational procedures dictate that a SWMS must be: Prepared in consultation with those people who will be doing the job. Available for inspection at any given time. Reviewed each year and amended if necessary. Page 32

34 A SWMS, sometimes called a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) or Safe Work Procedure (SWP) must contain the following details: A description of the work to be undertaken. The hazards associated with the work. The step by step sequence of completing the work. The potential hazards associated with each step of the work. The safety controls that will be used in controlling the hazards. Precautions that will be taken to protect health and safety. Identification of statutes, regulations and codes of practice that impact the work. The names and qualifications of people who will be undertaking the work. A description of training given to people doing the work. Identification of plant and equipment required on site to complete the work. Details of inspections that have been carried out or need to be carried out on the plant and equipment listed. Page 33

35 1.6 SIGNAGE AND DEVICE REQUIREMENTS As the person responsible for implementing the Traffic Management Plan it is your job to identify, obtain and implement signage and devices requirements for the project. AS is the accepted reference for the selection and use of any traffic control signs and devices on civil construction worksites. The Traffic Management Plan should state the types, sizes and numbers of signs and devices required for the project. You will need to ensure you have sufficient supplies available for each stage of the work. You will also need to check that the signs and devices comply with the specifications set out in AS and relevant Regulations and Codes of Practice, and that they are in a serviceable condition. Page 34

36 1.6.1 SIGNAGE AND DEVICES Signage and devices required at all construction and maintenance sites will always include: Temporary Warning Signs Temporary warning signs are used to alert the public of changed conditions ahead, for example: Roadwork ahead; Prepare to stop; Workers (symbolic). Regulatory And Traffic Cones Traffic cones are generally used on short-term works to define the traffic path past or around the work area. Various sizes are available for different situations such as footpaths or freeways. Other Signage And Devices Other signage and devices that may be required depending on the nature and duration of the work include: Vehicle mounted signs and flashing lights. Guide and warning signs. Multi-message signs. Barriers. Hazard markers. Portable traffic signals. Bollards. Arrow boards. Tapers. Page 35

37 1.6.2 TAPERS Tapers are used to move traffic out of or into the normal path. They are created by using a series of devices and/or pavement markings to channel traffic. There are five types of tapers: Type Of Taper: Two-Lane Two-Way Taper Shoulder Closure Taper Merging Taper Shifting Taper Downstream Taper Description: Used in advance of a work area that occupies part of a two-way road in a way that the rest of the road is used alternately by traffic in either direction. It requires a flagging operation. No buffer space is required. Closes lanes to move traffic on a multi-lane highway using channelising devices. Shifts traffic from one lane to another but does not require traffic in that lane to merge with traffic in another lane. Used at the end of the work area to direct drivers to move back into the lane that was closed. The Traffic Management Plan will outline the length of tapers to be used and the spacing of devices. Diagrams, technical specifications and instructions for the use or restriction of each traffic sign and device can be found in AS and the relevant state or territory Code of Practice. Page 36

38 1.6.3 CHECKS AND MAINTENANCE Individual signs and devices should be examined before installation to ensure that they are in good condition and are effective. The following checks are required: Mechanical condition items that are bent, broken or have surface damage, should not be used. Cleanliness items should be free from accumulated dirt, road grime or other contamination. Colour of fluorescent signs fluorescent signs whose colour has faded to a point where they have lost their daylight impact should be replaced. Signs required to be effective at night should be checked for reflectivity as soon as possible after installation. Those signs whose retro-reflectivity is degraded either from long use or surface damage should be replaced. Night-time effectiveness can best be checked by viewing the signs by vehicle headlights in dark conditions. Page 37

39 1.7 SELECTION AND CHECKING OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT In addition to the traffic signs and devices, various tools and equipment will need to be obtained to carry out tasks that are consistent with the requirements of the job. Page 38

40 1.7.1 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT Tools and equipment will include: High visibility vests. Radios. Notebooks and pens. Cones. Sign mountings. Stop-slow bats. Signage. Delineators. Barricades and barriers. Bollards. Warning lights and beacons. Arrow boards. Signalling devices. Page 39

41 A notebook and pen should be carried by yourself and all traffic controllers to record details of situations and observations such as: Traffic flow problems. Offending motorists. Suggestions for alteration/removal of signs and devices. Incidents and accidents. Two-way radios are required at worksites where communication is required over long work distances or sight distances are limited, particularly for traffic controllers. Characteristics, technical capabilities, uses and limitations of the regulatory equipment listed above can be found in AS and the relevant state or territory Code of Practice CHECK SERVICEABILITY AND REPORT DEFECTS Any defective equipment needs to be dealt with in accordance with site procedures. Commonly this would include isolating or tagging out the equipment and reporting the fault to a supervisor for corrective action, replacement or repair. Page 40

42 1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Environmental protection requirements are part of every worksite. You must be familiar with the site environmental management plans, requirements and constraints, and apply these to all the tasks you carry out on the site. Environmental protection requirements include: Page 41

43 1.8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN An environmental management plan aims to outline steps and processes required to prevent or minimise harm to the environment due to work operations. All personnel/workers must have a good understanding of the environmental management processes that must be used onsite. The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) can investigate and fine sites that do not meet the state and federal environmental protection arrangements that are in place for all civil construction projects. If you have concerns, questions or queries about the exact requirements you must meet, you should speak with the environmental manager. Where aspects of traffic management may have an environmental impact, procedures should be applied in accordance with the project environmental management plan to minimise any impact WASTE/CLEAN-UP MANAGEMENT Waste management may include taking steps to use environmentally friendly materials (including recycled materials) and implementing methods of sorting waste into categories for recycling and correct disposal. The plan will outline how the waste materials and rubbish from the site will be disposed of, including recycling and the reuse of waste materials. This plan may have subplans for hazardous wastes, chemical wastes and other classes of waste as appropriate for the site you are working on. Page 42

44 1.8.3 WATER QUALITY PROTECTION Water quality protection measures may require runoff to be directed to areas where it will not escape into the stormwater system or other waterways. This plan will detail items like silt fences, diversion drains and sediment ponds. The water quality protection plan can have a sub-plan for any traffic diversions or detours planned as part of the traffic management plan, if these will impact on waterways NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL Examples of controlling noise in the workplace are: Obtaining specifications relating to noise level emissions from the suppliers of plant so appropriate levels of noise protection can be provided. Redesigning machinery power sources to give quiet speed regulation. Repairing loose and rotating parts, replacing worn bearings and gears, and regular maintenance. Providing hearing protection for workers. Reducing noise at the source, where appropriate, by adding noise barriers, noise enclosures, vibration isolation mountings, laggings, mufflers, silencers. Organising schedules, so noisy work is done during a particular part of the shift, or when as few people as possible are present. Notifying people in advance when noisy work is to be carried out to limit their exposure to it. Page 43

45 Vibration control techniques may include: Use of deep saw-cuts to minimise the transmission of vibrations from pavement-breaking operations to foundations of nearby structures. Use of concrete cutters on pavement surfaces instead of pavement breakers, where practical. Use of vibratory rather than impact pile drivers where feasible for installation of retaining walls and other structural elements. Scheduling of work to limit night-time impacts in residential areas. Minimisation of the duration of vibration impacts. Page 44

46 1.8.5 DUST MANAGEMENT Dust control techniques may include: All vehicles transporting soil to/from the worksites will have their loads covered to minimise spillage and fugitive dust. Gravel cover will be applied to soil (unpaved) surfaces where there is regular traffic on and off the worksite. Dust screens will be used as feasible. Water or a dust/erosion control agent applied as necessary by truck to unpaved surfaces used for trucking during dry weather conditions, with adequate frequency to limit the generation of dust from vehicle traffic. All stockpiles of soils designated for reuse will be placed on, and covered with, waterproof material until removed for placement elsewhere. All piles of soil and aggregate that could cause dust generation through wind erosion will be covered with a tarp or watered-down regularly. The procedures to be followed on-site will be based on the requirements outlined in the environmental plans and specifications. To apply these requirements you need to follow the procedures as they relate to your allotted task. Speak with your supervisor or site environmental officer if you notice any breach of protection requirements. Page 45

47 1.9 CHECK TRAFFIC CONTROLLER ACCREDITATION In most states of Australia, traffic management regulations require that anyone working in traffic control must have the appropriate current traffic control training. There are four levels of traffic control training: Level 1 certification is the minimum requirement for traffic controllers. In addition, it is a requirement that all personnel/workers involved in traffic management and traffic control attend an appropriate refresher training course every 3 years following receipt of an initial certificate. Personnel/Workers involved in traffic management and traffic control should only perform those tasks for which they have the appropriate training. Page 46

48 1.10 SITE TRAFFIC FLOW REQUIREMENTS Where the Traffic Management Plan calls for the use of traffic controllers, you must ensure they clearly understand their role before starting any work. They must also be aware of the traffic flow requirements for the site. Page 47

49 TRAFFIC CONTROL SITUATIONS Situations requiring traffic controllers to slow down, stop or direct traffic using stop-slow bats include: Bituminous surfacing under traffic. Single-lane operation. Low-speed operation. Temporary total closures. Plant/vehicle crossings. Limited sight distance within the worksite. Where signs and devices direct a motorist to disobey a traffic law. Where worksite speed limits have been created but are not being adhered to. Emergency situations. Page 48

50 TRAFFIC CONTROL DUTIES Pre-work and daily meetings should be scheduled and individual briefings given where necessary in order to: Inform traffic controllers of their duties and the site requirements. Familiarise them with the traffic guidance scheme (and any modifications). Clarify important information such as communication protocols and arrangements for rest breaks. You must also make sure the traffic controllers are suitably attired and equipped with a regulation stop-slow bat, radio and other necessary equipment. Upon arriving at their position, traffic controllers should check that the necessary safety conditions are in place. This includes: Advance warning signs. Maximum approach speed 60km/h. Suitable escape path. Position at least 30m in advance of worksite. Sight distance of more that 1! times approach speed (e.g. line of sight at least 120m if approach speed is 80km/h). The worksite or project manager should be informed if any of these conditions are not in place. Page 49

51 APPENDIX 1A WORK HEALTH & SAFETY COMMON TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU) Officers Workers Reasonably Practicable Due Diligence A person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) replaces the term employer. A PCBU includes all employers, sole traders, principal contractors, unincorporated associations, partnerships and franchisees. Volunteer organisations that also employ people will be PCBUs. A PCBU s primary duty of care is to ensure the health and safety of everyone in the workplace, so far as is reasonably practicable. An Officer is a person who makes, or participates in making, decisions that affect the whole or a substantial part of a corporation. This includes Health and Safety Representatives (HSR). Worker replaces the term employee. It is defined broadly to mean a person who carries out work in any capacity for a PCBU. A worker covers employees, contractors, sub-contractors (and their employees), labour hire employees, outworkers, apprentices, trainees, work experience students and volunteers. Reasonably Practicable is defined as action that is, or was at a particular time, reasonably able to be done to help ensure health and safety based on the following factors: a) Chances of the hazard or risk occurring (likelihood). b) The degree of harm (consequence). c) The knowledge of persons involved in the situation relating to the hazard or risk and methods of eliminating or controlling it. d) The availability and suitability of ways to eliminate or control the hazard or risk. e) The costs involved in taking action to eliminate or control the hazard or risk including consideration of whether the cost involved is inconsistent to the level of risk. The Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (the WHS Act 2011) imposes a specific duty on officers of corporations to exercise due diligence to ensure that the corporation meets its work health and safety obligations. In short, they have a responsibility to ensure that the PCBU is doing everything it should to ensure health and safety. The duty requires officers to be proactive in ensuring that the corporation complies with its duty. Due diligence may be demonstrated through the following courses of action: 1. Acquiring knowledge of health and safety issues. 2. Understanding operations and associated hazards and risks. 3. Ensuring that appropriate resources and processes are used to eliminate or minimise risks to health and safety. 4. Implementing processes for receiving and responding to information about incidents, hazards and risks. 5. Establishing and maintaining compliance processes. 6. Verifying the provision and use of the resources mentioned in 1-5. Page 50

52 APPENDIX 1B REFERENCES AS1158 The lighting of urban roads and other public thoroughfares AS1348 Road and traffic engineering - Glossary of terms AS : Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices, Part 2: Traffic Control Devices for General Use AS/NZS : Retroreflective Materials and Devices for Road Traffic Control Purposes AS1743 Road signs - Specifications AS/NZS4192 Illuminated flashing arrow signs AS Part 3: Raised pavement markers (retroreflective and non-retroreflective) Australian Standards: AS Part 4: Supplementary lighting at pedestrian crossings AS Part 2: Retroreflective devices (nonpavement application) AS : Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices, Part 3: Traffic Control for Works on Roads AS : Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices, Part 14: Traffic Signals AS4191 Portable traffic signal systems AS/NZS : High Visibility Safety Garments AS/NZS : Road Safety Barrier Systems AS/NZS : Risk Management Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 6: Roadside Design, Safety and Barriers 2009 Austroads Guide to Road Safety Part 6: Road Safety Audit 2009 NCHRP Report 350: Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Queensland Department of Main Roads: Road Planning and Design Manual Other: Austroads Guide to Traffic Management Part 8: Local Area Traffic Management 2008 MASH: Manual for Assessing Highway Safety Features Highway Features VicRoads: Guidelines for Traffic Controllers 2010 Page 51

53 APPENDIX 1C HAZARD REPORT FORM Company Name: Form Completed By: Date of Inspection: Site: Address: Contact Phone Number: 1. Identified Hazard Hazard Type: 2. Hazard Details Description of Hazard: Page 52

54 LIKELIHOOD Insignificant Minor First Aid Required CONSEQUENCE Moderate Medical Attention and Time Off Work Major Long Term Illness or Serious Injury Severe Kill or Cause Permanent Disability or Illness Almost Certain M H H VH VH Likely M M H H VH Possible L M H H VH Unlikely L L M M H Rare L L M M M RISK LEVEL VERY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM LOW 3. Risk Assessment ACTION Act immediately: The proposed task or process activity must not proceed. Steps must be taken to lower the risk level to as low as reasonably practicable using the hierarchy of risk controls. Act today: The proposed activity can only proceed, provided that: 1. The risk level has been reduced to as low as reasonably practicable using the hierarchy of risk controls. 2. The risk controls must include those identified in legislation, Australian Standards, Codes of Practice etc. 3. The risk assessment has been reviewed and approved by the Supervisor. 4. A Safe Working Procedure or Safe Work Method has been prepared. 5. The supervisor must review and document the effectiveness of the implemented risk controls. Act this week: The proposed task or process can proceed, provided that: 1. The risk level has been reduced to as low as reasonably practicable using the hierarchy of risk controls. 2. The risk assessment has been reviewed and approved by the Supervisor. 3. A Safe Working Procedure or Safe Work Method has been prepared. Act this month: Managed by local documented routine procedures, which must include application of the hierarchy of controls. Risk Likelihood Level: Risk Consequence Level: Risk Level: Is there an existing safety system or procedure that deals with this hazard? Yes / No Details: Page 53

55 4. Control Strategies Intended Control Strategy (Details and Resources Required) Elimination Tick Box Substitution Isolation Engineering Administration/Safe Work Practices PPE Is the control strategy feasible? Yes / No Page 54

56 5. Action Plan Has a plan for the implementation of the control strategy been completed? Have the required resources been obtained? Does the implementation meet the requirements of workplace policies and procedures? What is the intended date of implementation? / / Who is responsible for implementing the control strategy? Date of review of action taken: 6. Review Date of Review: / / / / Review completed by: Has the hazard control been successfully implemented? New risk level: Is this risk level acceptable? Further action required? Page 55

57 RIIOHS302A IMPLEMENT TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN LEARNER GUIDE Module Three Monitor Traffic Guidance Scheme

58 THE CUNNING FAMILY TRUST AND THE PEACHEY FAMILY TRUST TRADING AS SAFE WORK RESOURCES PTY LTD ABN ( SAFE WORK RESOURCES ) The information, software, products, and services included in or available through the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products may include inaccuracies, operational or typographical errors. Changes are periodically added to the information herein. Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses may make improvements and/or changes in the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products at any time. Advice received via the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products is of a general nature and should not be relied upon for personal, medical, legal or financial decisions and you should consult an appropriate professional for specific advice tailored to your situation. Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses make no representations about the suitability, reliability, availability, timeliness, and accuracy of the information, software, products, services and related graphics contained on the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products for any purpose. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, all such information, software, products, services and related graphics are provided "as is" without guarantee, warranty or condition of any kind. Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses hereby, to the maximum of extent permitted by applicable law, disclaim all guarantees, warranties and conditions with regard to this information, software, products, services and related graphics, including all implied warranties or conditions of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement and to the extend guarantees, warranties and conditions are implied and cannot be excluded, Safe Work Resources limits its liability at Safe Work Resources option to the: replacement of the goods or the supply of equivalent goods; repair of the goods or payment of the cost of having the goods repaired; payment of the cost of replacing the goods or of acquiring equivalent goods; or resupplying the services or the costs of resupplying the services. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event shall Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses be liable for any direct, indirect, punitive, incidental, special, consequential losses or damages or any damages whatsoever including, without limitation, damages for injury or death, loss of use, data, profits, revenue, production, opportunity, goodwill or any similar loss whether or not in your reasonable contemplation, arising out of or in any way connected with the use or performance of the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products with the delay or inability to use the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or related services, the provision of or failure to provide services, or for any information, software, products, services and related graphics obtained through the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or otherwise arising out of the use of the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products whether based on contract, tort, negligence, strict liability or otherwise, even if Safe Work Resources or any of its associated companies/businesses has been advised of the possibility of damages. Because some states/jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation may not apply to you. If you are dissatisfied with any portion of the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or related services or with any of these terms of use, your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue using the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or related services. Your use of the Safe Work Resources information, software, products & services is governed by the laws of the state of Victoria and you hereby agree to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of or in Victoria and courts of appeal therefrom. Module Three Monitor Traffic Guidance Scheme Page 2