CROM An Introduction. Juan Carlos Mora Radiation Protection for the Public and the Environment CIEMAT
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1 CROM An Introduction Juan Carlos Mora Radiation Protection for the Public and the Environment CIEMAT
2 Environmental impact assessment Release Transfer to plants and animals Concentration in foodstuffs MODEL(S) ODEL(S) Dispersion and/or dilution processes Dose estimation MODEL(S) Concentrations in water, air and surfaces Dose
3 Safety Report Series No 19 Generic methods for use in assessing the impact of discharges
4 Screening approach - Iterative approach Step by step process - model complexity increases as predicted doses increase 1st step 2nd step 3rd step 4th step = no dilution model = generic environmental model = modified generic assessment = site specific assessment
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6 CROM v. 6 DETERMINISTIC FREE CROM v. 7 PROBABILISTIC
7 CROM DEVELOPMENT Deterministic CROM is being maintained, ocusing mainly on the English version Probabilistic CROM under development (launch n 2011?) Free CROM community developed
8 CROM DEVELOPED BY Center for Research of Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT): UPRPYMA Polytechnic University of Madrid: LAB. INFORMATICS ETSII
9 CROM Models based in IAEA SRS-19 with improvements based in RP-72 (EUR-15760) IAEA - SRS 19 - "Generic Models for Use in Assessing the Impact of Discharges of Radioactive Substances to the Environment" UE - RP 72 Methodology for assessing the radiological consequences of routine releases of radionuclides to the environment.
10 CROM 6 QUALITY CONTROL The software was quality controled by CIEMAT and RPD-HPA, formerly NRPB, (document RPD- EA ) for its adoption by the IAEA as the reference code for those models. Other people acting as testers of CROM in different situations (EMRAS II) TRANSFERED TO THE IAEA IN 2008 FOR ITS FREE DISTRIBUTION
11 CROM Conceptual model
12 CROM Conceptual model Inhalación Dosis Int. Inhalación Atmósfera Depósito seco y húmedo Suelo Irradiación Externa Dosis Ext. Inm. Nube Efluente Gaseoso Instalación No Diluci ón Absorción Radicular Depósito seco y húmedo Riego Irradiación Externa Ingestión Cultivos humanos Cultivos Animales F. conc Productos Animales Ing. Dosis Ext. Dep. Suelo Dosis Int. Ingestión Dosis total al individuo crítico Efluente Líquido No Diluci ón Bioacumulación Alimentos Acuáticos Irradiación Externa Ingesti ón Ingestión Dosis Ext. Sed. Orilla Medio Sediment Sedimentos Acuático No sedimentación Agua Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Dosis Ext Inm. Baño Dosis Ext. Sed. Fondo Irradiación Externa Dosis Ext. Sed. Susp.
13 CROM Models implemented Atmosphere discharges Building affected models Roughness affected wind profiles Aquatic discharges River / Sewers Small lakes Sea / Great lakes Estuaries Sedimentation Transfer to biota
14 CROM Features of CROM code: Continuous (routine/controlled) releases Default Pasquill stability category D Groundwater not considered Effective height not calculated Irrigation considered Sedimentation in surface waters Bath considered Crustacean considered A lot of not default values can be used
15 CROM Features of CROM code: Effective dose and concentration calc. 8 SRS 19 examples in the default DB Growth of daughter considered (transport and deposition) Today 151 radioisotopes in the default DB New radionuclides easily implementable External DCFs based in FGR 12 Internal DCFs from IAEA s BSS
16 CROM Problems that can be solved
17 CROM Problems that can be solved
18 CROM Problems that can be solved
19 CROM Problems that can be solved
20 CROM Problems that can be solved
21 CROM EXTERNAL EXPOSURE PATHWAYS IMMERSION IN THE GASEOUS PLUME DEPOSITION IN THE SOIL SUBMERSION IN WATER DURING THE BATH SHORE SEDIMENTS
22 CROM INTERNAL EXPOSURE PATHWAYS INGESTION OF ANIMAL MEAT CONTAMINATED BY INGESTION OF CONTAMINATED WATER INGESTION OF VEGETABLES CONTAMINATED BY ATMOSPHERE DEPOSIT OR IRRIGATION CONTAMINATED WATER OR VEGETABLES INGESTION OF FRESHWATER FISHES AND CRUSTACEAN INGESTION OF MARINE FISHES AND CRUSTACEAN INHALATION
23 CROM DOSE CONVERSION FACTORS EXTERNAL: Based in Federal Guidance Report No 12 Considers the growth of the daughters using Bateman equations INTERNAL: Based in BSS (IAEA No 115). Committed effective dose up to 70 y. 6 age groups as defined in BSS. Different absortion cathegories (F,M,S) considered.
24 CROM Results SCREEN WORD BASED REPORT EXCEL BASED DATA
25 CROM What CROM can do The models implemented in Crom were designed for assessing doses due to releases from nuclear or radioactive installations provided that: ~ 30 YEARS EMMISSIONS. CONTINUOUS EMMISSIONS (In any single day is not emitted more than 1% of the annual release) NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS (Pasquill D difussion category)
26 CROM What CROM can do (with help) sing some additional calculations Crom can be sed for: ANY NUMBER OF YEARS EMMISSIONS. ANY ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS (Any Pasquill ifussion category) Effective height considerations Resuspension of deposited material Other radioisotopes can be used calculating the CFs and introducing them into the DB. H3 & C14 Sewers
27 CROM What CROM can t do The models implemented in Crom are not valid for assessing doses in: SHORT TIME EMMISSIONS (accidents) VERY LONG TIME EMMISSIONS (HLW repository) GROUNDWATER DISPERSION
28 CROM - Installation
29 CROM - Installation
30 CROM - Installation
31 CROM - Installation
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93 CROM - Examples 60 m 20 m 1 km
94 CROM - Examples 5 m 20 m 1 km
95 CROM - Examples 33 m 30 m 150 m 1 km
96 CROM - Examples Atm4 Riv6 Riv5 A Atm3 Riv4 Atm2 9000m 500m 500m
97 CROM - Examples Atm4 Riv6 Riv5 A Atm3 Riv4 Atm2 9000m 500m 500m
98 CROM - Examples
99 CROM - Examples 2000 m 50 m D = 30 m
100 CROM - Examples
101 CROM - Examples
102 CROM - Examples
103 CROM - Examples
104 CROM - Examples
105 CROM - Aplications Control of releases Optimization of new installations Derivation of authorized discharge limits
106 Thank you for your attention
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