Organic requirements - overview Feeding Organic requirements Conservation and silage organic requirements...

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1 SOP-Feeding SOP-Feeding describes the procedures that ensure uniform feeding of your cows. The description includes: Loading Mixing and feeding of TMR/PMR Mixing and feeding of compact TMR/PMR Silage management Cleanup Check the feed stock Feed hygiene Monitoring the load cells of the feed wagon Organic SOP-feeding describes the organic requirements for feeding (marked with a Organic requirements for feeding Feed statement Preservation/silage ) and includes: All topics are illustrated with drawings and short texts that you can edit so it fits the conditions on your farm. When you organize and implement SOP on your farm, it is an advantage to involve a Lean-certified cattle adviser. You'll find them on Experience shows that an introductory course with the help of an expert is crucial for the output of SOP in the long run. In the guide "Getting Started with SOP" (attached), there are some guidelines you can consider before you begin to adapt SOP for your work procedures. Enjoy your SOP. SOP working procedures for the best result Januar 2015

2 Content 1. Feeding Loading of feed mixer a. Mixing and feeding of compact feed b. Mixing and feeding of TMR Feeding - Feeding alley for cows and heifers Feeding - Silage management Feeding - Loading silage and tidying up a. Feeding - Correct removal with multi-purpose bucket b. Feeding - Correct removal with silage chopper c. Feeding - Correct removal with silage (block) cutter Feeding - Feed in stock Feeding - Feeding hygiene Organic requirements - overview Feeding Organic requirements Conservation and silage organic requirements / 22

3 1. Feeding Loading of feed mixer 1.1 Make sure the mixer is empty before starting a new mix 1.2 Enter number of cows into feed computer (It is assumed that the recipe has been typed in advance) 1.3 Add ingredients in the order specified on the Feed computer Printed recipe 1.4 Supplementary feed and mineral loading Vertical mixer Load supplementary feed and minerals into the middle of the mixer. 2 / 22

4 Paddle mixer Load supplementary feed and minerals into mixer wagon in full length of it. 1.5 Overview of feeding tasks Time Task Responsible Push the feed in Peter ( ) Soak of supplementary feed in water Peter ( ) Half mix Peter ( ) End mix + clean the feed table at the cows Peter ( ) Feeding Peter ( ) Soak of supplementary beet pulp pellets Peter ( ) 3 / 22

5 2a. Mixing and feeding of compact feed 2.1a Soak supplementary feed at (8,16) Filling in supplementary feed (see the display) Remember to start the mixer before adding water Gear on the feed wagon (high/low, up/down) Start PTO when adding (water) Tractor PTO (1000) RPM (1200) Mix time (10) Minutes/rotations Mixture proportion (weight of dry compound feed + 50 % of dry weight as water) Supplementary feed in pellets can be treated in about an hour. Beet pulp pellets need longer time (8-10 hours). Is done by (intermediate bulk container, load shovel, hoseaddition) Add additives (acid) Check that no dry feed is on top of the auger 4 / 22

6 2.2a Sugar beet concentrate premix (morning/evening) Filling in supplementary feed and clean sugar beets Gear on the feed wagon (high/low, up/down) Start PTO when adding (silage) Tractor PTO (1000) RPM (1200) Mix time (10) Minutes/rotations Is done by (intermediate bulk container, load shovel, hoseaddition) Add additives (acid) Check that no dry feed is on top of the auger 5 / 22

7 2.3a HALF MIX Is done at (10) Restrictor blades (out) Gear on the feed wagon (high/low, up/down) Tractor PTO (1000) RPM (1200) Start PTO Filling in (grass silage and other straw feed) Mix just before feeding, don t stop mixer before unloading Mix time (10) Minutes/rotations DO NOT STOP THE MIXER BEFORE UNLOADING 2.4a END MIX Mixing tub must be in straight level Filling in maize silage Mix time (10) Minutes/rotations Remember to control that the whole mix is moving in vertical auger mixer Remember to control that paddle mixers are not overloaded DO NOT STOP THE MIXER BEFORE UNLOADING 6 / 22

8 2.5a Feeding start Tractor PTO (1000) RPM (1200) Gear (2L) Notice (terrain, curves) 2.6a Indicators in cattle house (Ex. hatch) (2000) kg left Tractor PTO (1000) RPM (1200) Gear (2L) 2.7a When mixer is almost empty Tractor PTO (1000) RPM (1200) Gear (2L) 2.8a Control the eating-behaviour of the cows Cows eat (from top or from below)? Estimate the homogeneity of the ration (grass chunks, particle size, adhesiveness, small particles separation, and pellets) Report to (cowman, advisor) 7 / 22

9 2.9a Push up feed - at (15.00) and - at (23.00) 2.10a Refusals must be appropriate (<1) kg per cow = feed more (1) kg per cow = appropriate (>1) kg per cow = feed less Measure/weigh by (loadings of, in mini loader) Report unusual findings to (cowman) 2.11a Score refusals - amount - availability - composition (are refusals similar to feed mix) - spoiling/heat in refusals Report to (cowman, advisor) 8 / 22

10 2b. Mixing and feeding of TMR 2.1b Start PTO when adding (silage) Tractor PTO (1000) RPM (1200) Gear (2L) Start PTO when adding 2.2b Max (10) min. mixing time after (silage) is added 2.3b Feeding start Tractor PTO (1000) RPM (1200) Gear (2L) 2.4b Indicators in cattle house (Ex. hatch) (2000) kg left Tractor PTO (1000) RPM (1200) Gear (2L) 2.5b When mixer wagon is almost empty Tractor PTO (1000) RPM (1200) Gear (2L) 9 / 22

11 3. Feeding - Feeding alley for cows and heifers 3.1 Push up feed at (15.00) and at (23.00) Feeding starts at (7.00 ) 3.2 Ensure an appropriate amount of feed Check (2) hours before next feeding (100) kg = feed more (>500) kg = feed less In case of large deviations, contact 3.3 Are cows sorting the feed? Check the refusals before next feeding In case of large deviations, contact 3.4 Clean feed bunk/ alley before (morning feeding) Move refusals to (heifers) Clean heifers feeding alley min. (2) times a week 10 / 22

12 4. Feeding - Silage management 4.1 Uncover the stack (20) cm every (second) day Use a hook to pull the cover away. Stay clear of the edge. 4.2 Avoid air under the plastic: Place heavy bags (sandbags or gravel bags) along the edge of the plastic 4.3 Cut off plastic and move it to (container) 4.4 Sort out poor and mouldy feed, and move it to (location) 11 / 22

13 5. Feeding - Loading silage and tidying up 5.1 Remove silage with a clean cut Collect lost silage from the storage area and immediately feed it to (heifers) Be careful to empty the contents of the bucket into the feed mixer wagon and not onto the ground 5.3 CORRECT! 5.4 NO! 12 / 22

14 6a. Feeding - Correct removal with multi-purpose bucket 6.1a Make sure the bucket is clean The grab must not be missing any tines, and bended tines must be replaced or straightened out 6.2a Make a clean-cut and vertical silage face 6.3a Attention! Avoid uneven silage face Avoid lifting up the silage and make sure to maintain a clean-cut silage face at removal 6.4a Attention! Avoid biting off silage with both top grab and bucket in the stack 6.5a YES! Use peeling technique in maize silage Place multigrab so the tines are in vertical line with stack and peel of silage Keep the bucket out of the stack when removing silage Afterwards collect loose silage with the bucket 13 / 22

15 6b. Feeding - Correct removal with silage chopper 6.1b Make sure the loading device is clean and working properly 6.2b Run the chopper from top to bottom 6.3b Keep a steady pressure on the stack 6.4b Collect loose silage at the foot of the stack 14 / 22

16 6c. Feeding - Correct removal with silage (block) cutter 6.1c Make sure the cutter is clean and working properly Make sure the cutting edge is sharp, and that the cutter is not missing any teeth 6.2c Make a clean-cut and vertical silage face 6.3c Cut of silage block in the same line from top to bottom Cut new blocks as illustrated in the picture to avoid bending of the silage cutter c Keep the cutter steady when cutting silage from the stack Move weight from loading vehicle to silage cutter so it won t be lifted when the cutting edge is pushed down 6.5c Make sure the grab has closed completely before pulling back 15 / 22

17 7. Feeding - Feed in stock 7.1 Concentrates/supplementary feed Let (owner) know when there is about (1 week s) supply of feed left 7.2 Vitamins and minerals Let (owner) know when there is about (1 week s) supply of vitamins and minerals left If relevant: Let (owner) know when there is about ( 7) bags left For heavy lifting (over 25 kg) spare back by using lifting techniques and use trolley or wheelbarrow for transport 7.3 Maintain good order and a good hygiene The area in front of the silos must be kept clean no waste 16 / 22

18 8.1 Clean boots 8. Feeding - Feeding hygiene Clean footwear before working with feed 8.2 Clean wheelbarrow/bucket/ mini-loader before use 8.3 Clean the tools and return them to their proper place after use 8.4 Keep the feeding alley clean Keep the area around the feeding house clean 17 / 22

19 Organic requirements - overview Organic SOP feeding describes the organic requirements for feeding, feed statement, feed additives for preservation/silage in organic farming. That ensures the organic requirements are established in the work procedures for feeding organic livestock. When you are going to organize and implement SOP on your farm, the suggestions for placing the requirements are noted in parentheses. The Organic SOP is supplementary and should be put in as an extra SOP. 9. Feeding Organic requirements 9.1 Feed of agricultural origin must be organic Up to 1 % of the feed-ration is allowed to be non-organic herbs or molasses 9.2 Minimum 60 % coarse feed per animal per day The first 3 month of the lactation minimum 50 % coarse feed per animal per day (calculated from kg of dry matter). No requirements for coarse feed share for calves younger than 3 month who have free access to coarse feed. 9.3 Minimum 60 % of the feed must come from own farm Or should be produced in cooperation with other organic farms in the same region (DK is one region). 18 / 22

20 9.4 Use of in-conversion feed (harvested more than 12 months from the start of the conversion) 100 % if it is produced on own farm Up to 30 % of the feed-ration if it is bought from other farms. 9.5 Use of 1. year feed (harvested less than 12 months from the start of the conversion) Up to 20 % from the farms own 1. year field with clover, lucerne, peas, beans or lupin. 9.6 Vitamins and minerals Must be produced for organic livestock production. (May only contain substances from the positive-list for organic feed; annex 6 in Guidance on organic agricultural production). Allowed to use synthetic A-, D-, and E-vitamins. All substances must be free of GMO. 19 / 22

21 9.7 Feeding plan/-statement: A statement for the feed must for each animal-group contain: Use of bought conversion feed (30 % of kg ts. per animal per year) Feed from own 1. year fields (20 % of kg ts. per animal per day) Part of home-produced or Danish feed (60 % own/danish feed) Part of coarse feed in the feeding (50/60 % of kg ts. pr. Animal per day) Pasture (kg ts per animal per day) 20 / 22

22 10. Conservation and silage organic requirements 10.1 Preservatives Formic, acetic, lactic, propionic, citric and sorbic acid and sodium farmate may be used for conservation of organic feed. Requires a HACCPregistration. (unless a contractor performs the preservation, provide the acid and is HACCP-registered) 10.2 Silage agents and additives for silage Enzymes, yeast and bacteria can be used. Does not require a HACCP registration. The preservatives mentioned above can be used for silage and crimping but requires a HACCP-registration. 21 / 22