網 路 品 質 管 理 工 具 The Dude 簡 介
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1 網 路 品 質 管 理 工 具 The Dude 簡 介 報 告 人 : 游 子 興 davisyou@ntu.edu.tw 電 話 : 日 期 :2014/8/14 1
2 大 綱 The Dude 簡 介 網 路 與 伺 服 器 服 務 狀 態 偵 測 圖 表 製 作 與 應 用 各 種 服 務 偵 測 方 法 SNMP 相 關 設 定 異 常 通 知 與 設 定 其 他 設 定 常 用 網 路 查 修 工 具 2
3 The Dude 官 方 網 頁 The Dude v4.0beta3 Freeware Windows Platform Client/Server 架 構 Client 專 屬 程 式 Browser 3
4 臺 大 網 路 架 構 圖 台 北 區 網 對 外 連 線 伺 服 器 區 校 園 骨 幹 各 系 所 行 政 大 樓 宿 舍 區 醫 學 院 社 科 院 4
5 台 北 區 網 架 構 圖 - 線 路 流 量 其 他 區 網 中 心 教 育 部 臺 北 區 網 中 心 ISP 臺 大 時 間 區 間 : 10 秒 ~ 365 天 連 線 學 校 線 路 流 量 顯 示 即 時 流 量 接 近 滿 載 以 紅 色 顯 示
6 台 北 區 網 架 構 圖 -Router Status 其 他 區 網 中 心 教 育 部 Ping Latency 臺 北 區 網 中 心 Cisco 6509 CPU Load ISP 臺 大 連 線 學 校 總 設 備 數 /Unstable 設 備 數 /Down 設 備 數 Router Status 即 時 顯 示 可 Drill Down 連 結 不 同 網 路 圖
7 台 北 區 網 架 構 圖 - 連 線 學 校 線 路 障 礙 即 時 通 知
8 伺 服 器 狀 態 CPU Load Disk Usage RAM Usage 伺 服 器 狀 態 即 時 顯 示 與 歷 史 記 錄 CPU 記 憶 體 虛 擬 記 憶 體 磁 碟 空 間 8
9 Practice 練 習 Browser: 網 址 Login: test Passwd: thedude 下 載 Dude v4.0beta3 並 安 裝 9
10 Client/Server setup Client 連 線 設 定 10 Server 啟 動 設 定
11 解 決 Win7 IP ping failed 控 制 台 \ 使 用 者 帳 戶 和 家 庭 安 全 \ 使 用 者 帳 戶 11
12 實 做 1/2 G0/46 G0/1 G0/42 G0/41 G0/14 12
13 實 做 2/2 13
14 Link Device= Mastering Type= simple/snmp/routeros Speed= -- Maxmum possible speed of link, 決 定 該 線 路 頻 寬 是 否 滿 載, 若 滿 載 以 紅 色 表 示 14
15 Link: Export Export: 各 種 圖 檔 格 式 15
16 圖 表 製 作 可 自 行 合 併 偵 測 資 料 製 作 圖 表 16
17 Files 自 行 上 傳 圖 片 無 線 AP 分 佈 圖 Cisco6509 Juniper Firewall 17
18 Device 圖 示 設 定 1/2 每 個 Device 個 別 修 改 18
19 Device 圖 示 設 定 2/2 依 據 Device Type 批 次 修 改 19
20 Network Map Background 1/2 圖 書 館 B1 無 線 AP 分 佈 圖 20
21 Network Map Background 2/2 上 線 人 數 & 使 用 頻 寬 無 線 AP- 偵 測 上 線 人 數 & 頻 寬 21
22 Probe 各 種 服 務 偵 測 22
23 Probe ICMP (Ping) 可 自 訂 Packet Size TTL 23
24 Probe TCP (telnet) 偵 測 TCP 特 定 port 連 線 狀 況 24
25 Probe TCP (http) 針 對 不 同 服 務, 可 自 行 定 義 Send 與 預 計 Receive 之 內 容 25
26 Probe UDP (netbios) 26
27 Probe DNS 自 行 設 定 一 組 DNS 與 預 期 之 正 解 IP 27
28 Probe SNMP (Cisco CPU load) cpmcputotal5minrev.1 ( ) 設 定 SNMP OID 與 正 常 回 傳 範 圍 若 超 出 範 圍 表 示 異 常 可 即 時 通 知 28
29 SNMP of Cisco CPU load How to Collect CPU Utilization on Cisco IOS Devices Using SNMP chnologies_tech_note09186a a94.shtml cpmcputotal5minrev ( ): The overall CPU busy percentage in the last five-minute period Cisco SNMP Object Navigator OID.do?local=en Download CISCO-PROCESS-MIB.my Rename to.txt or.mib 29
30 Cisco MIB download Show version Cisco IOS MIB Locator MIBs Supported by Product 30
31 Cisco MIB download Download CISCO-PROCESS-MIB 31
32 Files Upload MIB file (Method1) 32
33 Files Upload MIB file (Method2) 自 行 上 傳 檔 案 C:\Program Files (x86)\dude\data\files 33
34 MIB Nodes of cpmcputotal5minrev (1/2) 34
35 MIB Nodes of cpmcputotal5minrev (2/2) 35
36 網 路 查 修 工 具 -SnmpWalk cpmcputotal5minrev ( ) 36
37 Cisco-SNMP 啟 用 (1/2) (config)# snmp-server community public snmpacl (config)# ip access-list standard snmp-acl (config-std-nacl)# permit
38 Cisco-SNMP 啟 用 (2/2) sh snmp group sh access-lists snmp-acl 38
39 Windows SNMP 啟 用 (1/2) 39
40 Windows SNMP 啟 用 (2/2) 40
41 Linux(CentOS) - SNMP 啟 用 (1/2) yum install net-snmp net-snmp-utils vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf 41
42 Linux(CentOS) - SNMP 啟 用 (2/2) service snmpd restart Firewall 相 關 設 定 UDP port:
43 Probe Function (Host CPU load) 呼 叫 內 建 Function() 自 行 定 義 回 傳 範 圍 與 異 常 警 示 訊 息 Error: if(cpu_usage()<60,"","cpu load over 60%") Value: round(cpu_usage()) 43
44 Function: cpu_usage average( oid_column("iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib- 2.host.hrDevice.hrProcessorTable.hrProcessorEntry.hrProcessorLoad") ) 44
45 SNMP of Host Processor Load % iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib- 2.host.hrDevice.hrProcessorTable.hrProcess orentry.hrprocessorload : CPU1 Load 2: CPU2 Load for Linux and Windows, not for Cisco device 45
46 MIB Nodes of hrprocessorload 46
47 SnmpWalk of hrprocessorload 47
48 Probe Function (Disk Usage) 48
49 Probe Function (RAM Usage) 49
50 Function: mem_usage oid( concatenate("iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.host.hrstorage.hrstoragetable.hrstorageentry.hrstorageused.", array_element( oid_column("iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.host.hrstorage.hrstoragetable.hrstorageentry.hrstorageindex", 600), array_find( oid_column("iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.host.hrstorage.hrstoragetable.hrstorageentry.hrstoragetype",600), "iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.host.hrstorage.hrstoragetypes.hrstorageram") ) ) ) * 100 / mem_size() 50
51 Function: mem_size 1/2 oid( concatenate("iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.host.hrstorage.hrstoragetable.hrstorageentry.hrstoragesize.", array_element( oid_column("iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib- 2.host.hrStorage.hrStorageTable.hrStorageEntry.hrStorageIndex", 600), array_find( oid_column("iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.host.hrstorage.hrstoragetable.hrstorageentry.hrstoragetype", 600), "iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.host.hrstorage.hrstoragetypes.hrstorageram") ) ) ) 51
52 Function: mem_size 2/2 1.oid_column("iso...hrStorageEntry.hrStorageType", 600) 使 用 snmp walk 搜 尋 "iso...hrstorageentry.hrstoragetype" 回 傳 結 果 使 用 array 存 放. 2.array_find(array from step1,"iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib- 2.host.hrStorage.hrStorageTypes.hrStorageRam") 搜 尋 array 值 中 符 合 "iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib- 2.host.hrStorage.hrStorageTypes.hrStorageRam" 回 傳 array index 得 到 6 3.array_element(oid_column("iso...hrStorageEntry.hrStorageIndex", 600),6) 使 用 snmp walk 搜 尋 "iso...hrstorageentry.hrstorageindex" 並 回 傳 Array 第 6 個 element 之 值 4.oid(concatenate("iso...hrStorageEntry.hrStorageSize.",6) 使 用 oid("iso...hrstorageentry.hrstoragesize.6") 查 詢 結 果. 52
53 SNMP of Storage/Memory/Virtual Memory For Linux/Windows 皆 可 用 iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib- 2.host.hrStorage.hrStorageTable.hrStorageE ntry 53
54 SNMP of hrstorageentry 54
55 Functions Reference average(array) calculates and returns average value of given array array_element(array,index) return array element with given index. array_find(array,criteria) return array index from element that match criteria. concatenate(string1,string2,..) concatenates two or more strings. round(number) return number rounded to nearest integer. oid(oid) returns value of given snmp OID oid_column(oid) returns array of values using snmpwalk with given base OID. Ex. oid_column("oid_column("iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib- 2.host.hrDevice.hrProcessorTable.hrProcessorEntry.hrProcessorLoad")") 55
56 異 常 通 知 方 式 1/2 使 用 標 準 SMTP 發 送 56
57 異 常 通 知 方 式 2/2 SMTP Server Setup 57
58 異 常 通 知 方 式 -- Popup 在 Client 電 腦 彈 出 警 示 視 窗 58
59 異 常 通 知 方 式 log to events Event: 記 錄 異 常 事 件
60 異 常 通 知 方 式 execute on server 在 Server 端 執 行 特 定 程 式 使 用 Gmail 發 送 簡 訊 發 送 60
61 異 常 通 知 警 訊 有 效 時 段 61
62 Discovery 1/2 Scan 網 段 快 速 增 加 監 控 設 備 自 動 辨 識 設 備 類 型 62
63 Discovery 2/2 Add networks to auto scan: It will keep updating the map when new devices appear even after the initial scan is finished. Discovery mode Fast(scan by ping) -- devices can respond to ping will be added, and then their services will be proofed. Reliable(scan each service) -- the Dude will look for the specified services even in the devices that couldn't be pinged. Layout Map After discovery complete: It will attempt to draw a logical map layout. Especially useful if discovering by more than 1 hop. 63
64 Device Type Required Services: 由 此 決 定 Discovery 時, Devices Type 為 何. Allowed Services: Discovery 時, 自 動 被 加 入 之 Services 64
65 Device 設 定 65
66 SNMP Profile Setup 66
67 Parents of Device Parents: Which device is the hierarchical parent of this one, builds reachability dependencies to avoid multiple notifications in case parent device fails (in which case child devices are also unreachable) 67
68 x/24 68 Agent Concept Agent: Other Dude servers that have acess to networks the current server can't reach Internet IP x/24 Agent Dude Server Agent Agent x/24
69 Agents setup 69
70 Device 設 定 - Services 同 時 設 定 多 種 偵 測 方 式 70
71 Device 設 定 -Snmp 顯 示 SNMP 相 關 資 訊 : Interface 即 時 流 量 71
72 Device 設 定 --Notification 異 常 發 生 通 知 方 式 72
73 Polling/Notification Setup Level 1/2 Level: 越 下 層 優 先 權 越 高 Server Configuration Network Map Node Service 若 無 勾 選 Use Notifications, 則 以 上 一 層 之 設 定 為 準. 若 勾 選 Use Notifications, 則 必 須 選 擇 特 定 之 Notifications, 若 無 勾 選 則 視 同 無 Notifications. Polling 之 概 念 相 同. 73
74 Polling/Notification Setup Level 2/2 74
75 Appearance Setup Level 75
76 Appearance 顯 示 Cisco CPU Load [Device.Name] CPU:[oid( ")] 76
77 Appearance - 中 文 亂 碼 解 決 增 加 標 楷 體 Copy C:\Windows\Fonts\kaiu.ttf to C:\Program Files (x86)\dude\data\files 77
78 Admins: login user 78
79 Admins: Groups Read - can't change settings, only view them. Write - can't become Full user or connect as an agent (has no policy and agent rights) Local - connect to local server. Remote - connect to remote servers by specifying an address. Web - access to Web service Policy - changing of users and groups. Agent - connecting to remote dude as an Agent. 79
80 Server - Allowed Networks 80
81 常 用 網 路 查 修 工 具 常 用 工 具 檢 測 網 路 狀 況 Ping Traceroute
82 Syslog Server 82
83 監 控 軟 體 設 定 備 份 可 以 將 監 控 的 架 構 備 份 至 檔 案, 以 防 遺 失
84 DB Optimization Precompiled Binaries for Windows: sqlite-shell-win32-x zip Compress DB sqlite3 dude.db "VACUUM;" 84
85 簡 報 完 畢 謝 謝 85
86 Case Study 86
87 Case Study 87
88 由 以 下 情 況 判 斷, G0/3 Port 佔 據 了 96% 之 Uplink 上 傳 頻 寬. Switch#sh int counters Port InOctets InUcastPkts InMcastPkts InBcastPkts Gi0/ Gi0/ Gi0/ > 此 Port 佔 據 了 96% 之 Uplink 上 傳 頻 寬. Gi0/ Port OutOctets OutUcastPkts OutMcastPkts OutBcastPkts Gi0/ Gi0/ Gi0/ Gi0/ > Uplink 88
89 但 因 為 此 Port 之 後 應 該 還 有 接 Switch, 因 此 目 前 尚 無 法 判 斷 是 哪 台 電 腦. Switch#sh mac address-table in 0/ e.7fe1.9f68 DYNAMIC Gi0/ e.e301.92f9 DYNAMIC Gi0/ d.038c DYNAMIC Gi0/ a eb DYNAMIC Gi0/ abd0 DYNAMIC Gi0/ e47.06bf DYNAMIC Gi0/ e DYNAMIC Gi0/ bf.48d6.aa27 DYNAMIC Gi0/ bf.48d6.abde DYNAMIC Gi0/ fe.edab.177d DYNAMIC Gi0/ cf.30ec.8a33 DYNAMIC Gi0/ ec.2452 DYNAMIC Gi0/ d51.88fd DYNAMIC Gi0/ d51.8a0c DYNAMIC Gi0/ a4.4ccf.acdc DYNAMIC Gi0/ e3.b5a0.3b91 DYNAMIC Gi0/3 10 b8a e9 DYNAMIC Gi0/3 89
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