EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Directorate General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology

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1 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS COST (BIAC) 2012 Prices as at 1-15 February 2012 Contract n 30-CE /00-54 September, 2012 FINAL REPORT VAN DIJK MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS S.A. AVENUE LOUISE 250 BOX 14 B-1050 BRUSSELS (BELGIUM) PAGE 1 First Semester 2008

2 Table of contents 1. INTRODUCTION Context of the study Changes in the methodology introduced since the BIAC 2011 study Changes in the scope of the study Changes in the assumptions for calculating the BIAC Changes in the methodology for analysis of the BIAC Scope and limits of the study Scope of the study Limits of the study METHODOLOGY FOR THE DATA COLLECTION Selection of ISPs Criteria applied for the selection of the ISPs Information sources Period under consideration Selection of the broadband offers of the ISPs Criteria applied when collecting and selecting the broadband offers Definition of bundled offers Information sources Period under consideration Overview of the technologies included in the selected offers Overview of the ISPs selected for each country, incl. the technologies used Overview of the composition of the sample of Broadband Internet Access offers Breakdown of the offers in the sample between incumbent operators and new entrants Breakdown of the offers in the sample in terms of national vs. regional offers Breakdown of the offers in the sample between offers without and with line rental or cable TV subscription Breakdown of the offers in the sample in terms of different technologies Breakdown of the offers in the sample in categories of bundled offers Breakdown of the offers in the sample between metered and unmetered offers METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING AND COMPARING THE BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS COST Definition of the (BIAC) Non recurring charges Monthly recurring charges Discounts and extra charges Comparison of the Uniformity in technical terms Uniformity in financial terms RESULTS OF THE BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS COST COMPARISON FOR BROADBAND STANDALONE OFFERS Offers with speed lower than or equal to 144 kbps Least expensive offers per country and per basket Basket 144kbps-512kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 512kbps-1024kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 1024kbps-2048kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 2048kbps-4096kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 4096kbps-8192kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 8192kbps-12Mbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.)

3 4.2.7 Basket 12Mbps-30Mbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 30+Mbps, in /PPP (VAT incl.) Variation per country in least expensive and median offer charges between February 2011 and February 2012 for Internet access Least expensive offer per country for each of the 8 baskets Least expensive offer (All ISPs) Least expensive offer (Incumbents only) Median offer per technology for each of the 8 baskets Basket 144kbps-512kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 512kbps-1024kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 1024kbps-2048kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 2048kbps-4096kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 4096kbps-8192kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 8192kbps-12mbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 12Mbps-30Mbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 30+Mbps, in /PPP (VAT incl.) RESULTS OF THE BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS COST COMPARISON FOR BUNDLED OFFERS Least expensive offer per country and per basket for bundles including internet access and fixed telephony service Basket 144kbps-512kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 512kbps-1024kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 1024kbps-2048kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 2048kbps-4096kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 4096kbps-8192kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 8192kbps-12Mbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT inl.) Basket 12Mbps-30Mbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 30+Mbps, in /PPP (VAT incl.) Variation per country in least expensive and median offer charges between February 2011 and February 2012 for bundles including internet access and fixed telephony service Least expensive offer per country and per basket for bundles including internet access and television service Basket 144kbps-512kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 512kbps-1024kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 1024kbps-2048kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 2048kbps-4096kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 4096kbps-8192kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 8192kbps-12Mbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 12Mbps-30Mbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 30+Mbps, in /PPP (VAT incl.) Variation per country in least expensive and median offer charges between February 2011 and February 2012 for bundles including internet access and television service Least expensive offer per country and per basket for bundles including internet access, fixed telephony and television service Basket 144kbps-512kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 512kbps-1024kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 1024kbps-2048kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 2048kbps-4096kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 4096kbps-8192kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 8192kbps-12Mbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 12Mbps-30Mbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 30+Mbps, in /PPP (VAT incl.) Variation per country in least expensive and median offer charges between February 2011 and February 2012 for bundles including internet access, fixed telephony and television services

4 5.4. Least expensive offer per country and per bundle type for each of the 8 baskets Bundle Internet Access+Tel, in /PPP (VAT incl.) Bundle Internet Access+TV, in /PPP (VAT incl.) Bundle Internet Access+Tel+TV, in /PPP (VAT incl.) RESULTS OF THE BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS COST OVERALL COMPARISON FOR NON- BUNDLED AND BUNDLED OFFERS Least expensive offer per country and per basket for each bundle type Basket 144kbps-512kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 512kbps-1024kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 1024kbps-2048kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 2048kbps-4096kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 4096kbps-8192kbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 8192kbps-12Mbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 12Mbps-30Mbps (incl.), in /PPP (VAT incl.) Basket 30+Mbps, in /PPP (VAT incl.) Median additional cost per country and per additional service Overall analysis of the median additional cost Median additional cost for Fixed Telephony service Median additional cost for Television service Median additional cost for Mobile Telephony service Median additional cost for Mobile Broadband service Analysis of the impact of additional charges on the Proportion of offers presenting differences between the actual monthly cost and the basic recurring charges Average difference between the actual monthly cost and the basic recurring charges GENERAL FINDINGS Findings related to the analysis of costs Overall geographic analysis Offers from incumbents vs offers from new entrants Relationschip between broadband speed and monthly charges Relationschip between technologies and monthly charges Miscellaneous Recent technological evolutions Availability of satellite offers Access to hotspots Findings regarding the commercialisation of offers Increased availability of bundles Branding of broadband offers by the same company group in different EU countries Public availability of pricing information Indication of Best deal Continual promotions

5 List of Figures Figure 1: Overview of the proportion of broadband offers provided by the Incumbent operators compared to those provided by New entrants (Fixed standalone and bundled offers) Figure 2: Overview per country in February 2012 of the proportion of broadband offers provided by the Incumbent operators compared to those provided by New entrants (Fixed standalone and bundled offers) Figure 3: Overview of the proportion of national offers, regional offers from a national operator and regional offers from regional operators Figure 4: Overview of the proportion of offers without and with line rental or cable TV subscription in the sample of Broadband Internet Access offers (Fixed standalone and bundled offers) Figure 5: Overview of the proportion of the different technologies in the sample of Broadband Internet Access offers (Fixed standalone and bundled offers) data do not include Ethernet based products Figure 6: Overview per country in February 2012 of the proportion of the different technologies in the sample of Broadband Internet Access offers (Fixed standalone and bundled offers) data do not include Ethernet based products Figure 7: Overview of the proportion of the different bundles of services (Fixed standalone and bundled offers) Figure 8: Overview per country in February 2012 of the proportion of the different bundles of services (Fixed standalone and bundled offers) Figure 9: Overview of the proportion of the different bundles of services (bundles with mobile services) Figure 10: Overview per country in February 2012 of the proportion of the different bundles of services (bundles with mobile services) Figure 11: Overview of the proportion of metered and unmetered offers (Fixed standalone and bundled offers) Figure 12: Overview per country in February 2012 of the proportion of metered and unmetered offers (Fixed standalone and bundled offers) Figure 13: Definition and total portion of each basket in the total sample (Fixed standalone and bundled offers) Figure 14: Overview per country in February 2012 of the proportion of each basket in the total sample (Fixed standalone and bundled offers)

6 Disclaimer: This report has been commissioned as an independent study to examine tariff developments in the European Community. The Commission does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. The tariff information is collected by VAN DIJK MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS from the individual operators, and is believed to be correct as for the period between February 1 st 15 th, VAN DIJK MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS will not accept responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of information in this report. The opinions expressed in this Study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. 6

7 1. INTRODUCTION This is the 2012 comparative study on the s in 27 Member States of the European Union as well as Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Japan, South Korea, Liechtenstein, FYROM, Norway, State of California, State of Colorado, State of New York, Switzerland and Turkey. It is based mainly on information collected in the period between February 1 st and 15 th, Where appropriate, the information for this period has been compared with the similar information that was previously collected by VAN DIJK MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS in February CONTEXT OF THE STUDY In 2005 the European Commission (Directorate General for Information Services) launched the i2010 A European Information Society for growth and employment initiative. i2010 was a policy framework laying out broadband policy guidelines for the information society and media up to Under this initiative the Commission carried out a first series of Broadband Internet Access Costs (BIAC) studies. The European Commission launched a new strategy on Information Society in 2010, the Digital agenda for Europe 1, which aims at promoting high-speed internet and deliver sustainable economic and social benefits from a digital single market. The agenda defines several priority action areas, among which the provision of fast and ultra-fast internet access for all 2. European competitiveness is highly dependent of a widely available and competitively-priced broadband internet access. The objective is thus to make broadband accessible to all Europeans by 2013, and to provide universal internet access at speeds above 30 Mbps by 2020, with over 50% of households subscribing to internet connections above 100 Mbps. As part of this initiative, the Commission wishes to pursue the monitoring of broadband internet access offers. This report represents the second report of a new series of BIAC studies Digital Agenda website: Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Digital Agenda for Europe, COM(2010) 245, 19 May 2010 The first report of the new series is available at: 7

8 1.2 CHANGES IN THE METHODOLOGY INTRODUCED SINCE THE BIAC 2011 STUDY CHANGES IN THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY Changes were introduced in 2011 in terms of: Geographic coverage Five additional countries are added to the scope: Croatia, Liechtenstein, FYROM (FYROM), Switzerland and Turkey. Market coverage The targeted market share for European countries is increased from 80% to 90%, with a maximum selection of 8 ISPs per country. Product coverage Standalone Mobile Broadband Internet Access offers are no longer collected. Bundles including mobile services as complementary service, i.e. Mobile Telephony and Mobile Broadband, are now also systematically collected. The analysis of these offers is however restricted to the comparison of the median additional cost for those services (cf. Chapter 6). The standard contract duration of selected offers has changed from 12 months to 36 months. Completeness of data collected Parameters referring to the geographical coverage of ISPs and to the geographical availability of offers are now systematically collected and included in the analysis. All available discounts and extra charges are collected separately from standard advertised prices, while previously only long-term recurring discounts (minimum 12 months) were collected and directly included in the monthly recurring charges (cf. paragraph 3.1.3). Information of fair use policy is collected and offers with explicit fair use in volume of download are assimilated to metered offers CHANGES IN THE ASSUMPTIONS FOR CALCULATING THE BIAC Compared to the BIAC studies, changes have been applied to: Classification of offers Baskets have been modified in order to match the trend for increased speeds: Previous baskets 6 (8Mbps-20Mbps) and 7 (20+Mbps) were replaced by baskets 6 (8-Mbps-12Mbps), 7 (12Mbps-30Mbps) and 8 (30+Mbps) (Cf. paragraph a). 4 The report for the BIAC 2009 study is available at: 8

9 Normalisation of offers Normalisation parameters for Fixed Broadband Internet Access and Fixed Telephony were modified: minimum volume of data was lowered, while the proportion of calls towards fixed and mobile networks was changed to increase calls towards fixed networks (Cf. paragraph b). Normalisation parameters for mobile services were added (Cf. paragraph b). Components of the BIAC Non-recurring charges were divided over a contract duration of 36 months, which represents the duration of a standard EU consumer. Line rental or cable TV subscription charges have been added to the monthly BIAC. The original idea was to present both the costs with and without line rental; however, the availability of products that do not require the payment of line rental has rendered this split obsolete. The option chosen in this report is thus to add the cost of the line rental to the monthly calculation only when this payment is mandatory. Discounts and extra charges were included on a case-by-case basis (Cf. subsection 3.1.3) CHANGES IN THE METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS OF THE BIAC Finally, the following changes have been applied since 2011 for analysing the BIAC: Comparison on a per-basket basis Analysis of offers within the same basket is now done both at the level of all ISPs and at the level of services provided by incumbents only. Over time comparisons look at median offers of the current and the latest sample only. Comparison of the median additional cost The median additional cost for adding fixed or mobile services to Broadband Internet Access offers was calculated and compared (cf. Chapter 6). 1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITS OF THE STUDY SCOPE OF THE STUDY Broadband Internet Access is defined as an access assuring an always-on service with speeds in excess of 144 kbps 5. This speed is measured in download terms. 5 This definition of Broadband Internet Access is consistent with the definition used in the 15 th Implementation Report of the European Commission (cf. report/15report_part1.pdf, p. 27 and in the DAE-scoreboard 2012 (cf. %20Progress%20Report.pdf). It should be noted, however, that it was observed that the lowest broadband access speed equalled 256kbps. 9

10 The identification of the different broadband offers is limited to those intended for residential subscribers. Business packages or offers for professional users only are not taken into account. Note however that residential packages are also available to and used by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as the speeds are also satisfying the needs of these customers. Furthermore, the study only deals with supplies at retail level, and not at wholesale level. The study covers 38 countries: the 27 Member States of the EU, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Japan, Liechtenstein, FYROM, Norway, South Korea, Switzerland, Turkey and the USA. For the USA, three different States have been selected based on their population density: New York, California and Colorado. The two first States have a highly developed broadband access supply, whereas Colorado s is less developed LIMITS OF THE STUDY It should be noted that the comparison of as presented in this report is characterised by a number of limitations. The main limitations can be summarised as follows: 1. The basis for the comparison is limited to a number of parameters and characteristics. It was observed that the cost structures for broadband access services can be very complex 6 which means that costs as well as the service itself can vary depending on a broad set of parameters (e.g. location of the client in terms of a specific city or even street, time of day for the consumption of additional downloadable volume, distinct prices or speeds for local or international content, usage of the ISP of its own network or not, etc.). Furthermore, it is difficult to include the value of qualitative characteristics (e.g. level of protection, available webspace, etc.) in a quantitative comparison exercise (i.e. based on the cost of the service). 2. The study is limited to a targeted coverage of 90% 7 of the market. Given the often very high number of ISPs representing the remaining 10% of the market, it was deemed not to be feasible to cover the market fully. For non-european countries, a market share of 80% is targeted. 3. The study presents an overview of what offers are available, not of what is actually consumed by the customers. As no information is available on the volumes of each offer actually sold in the sample, no weight could be attributed to the different offers for which data is collected for the same country. Furthermore and as a consequence, no weight other than the number of offers available could be given to the baskets defined in paragraph a. 6 7 Some ISPs provide offers for which the costs are to be negotiated or subject to deal. As this study relies on price information that is publicly available and confirmed by ISPs, such offers have not been taken into account. No evidence could be found of the prices obtained in such negotiations. For some countries (e.g. Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania), due to a significant fragmentation of the market, it was observed that the number of ISPs globally representing at least 90% of the overall market was extremely high. In those cases, a few small market players were included in the sample of ISPs to ensure that it would be as representative as possible. 10

11 4. The study looks at advertised speeds, not actual speeds. No information is available on the actual speed of each individual offer, in particular as most often the actual speed depends on the location of delivery and the number of customers sharing the access. The European Commission has launched a separate study to measure the difference between advertised and actual speeds The study includes only certain discounts and extra charges. Promotions and extra charges were only considered in the comparison when they are accessible/supported by all customers subscribing to the offer during the period of data collection, they apply consistently over the contract duration, and if they correspond to default presentation of offers (cf. subsection 3.1.3). 6. The normalisation of metered offers (cf. paragraph b.) is based on theoretical parameters. As for the metered offers, no information is available on the actual consumption (especially in terms of downloaded volumes and the average number of hours that the Internet was accessed), theoretical normalisation parameters have been defined. These parameters can be considered to be best estimates for the average metered offer in a specific basket, but could not be checked against actual consumption statistics. This theoretical normalisation cannot always be attained because of constraints that occur in reality; e.g. the theoretical parameters cannot be reached because of restrictions in the form of a maximum usage (i.e. a strict maximum) in terms of downloadable volume (e.g. in Iceland, Ireland, FYROM and Turkey), and the fair use principle 9. As the minimum service level, imposed by our normalisation parameters cannot be reached in such cases, the offers concerned have not been included in the sample and will therefore not be taken into account when determining the least expensive or median offer per country. These limitations should not be confused with maximum invoice (strict maximum amount on the monthly invoice, e.g. in Canada and Hungary): in this case the invoice limit does not prevent the user from obtaining the minimum service level as defined for each basket. 7. The 8 baskets to which the offers are allocated for the comparison of the broadband access costs group offers with considerable technical differences. A trade-off had to be made between limiting the number of baskets to a reasonable number and defining baskets that are suitable for all of the countries included in the study, independent of the degree to which the broadband Internet service market is already developed in these countries. Consequently, it can be observed that within one basket, the cost of offers with relatively divergent speeds is compared The fair use principle is used by ISPs to limit download volume of a broadband internet offer by fixing an upper limit, considered as a reasonable monthly download capacity for private use. Once this limit is attained, the ISP has the right to lower the speed of the internet access or charge a fee for additional downloads. 11

12 8. For ISPs for which no standalone offers were available, cheapest bundled offers were also considered as standalone offers. Whenever an ISP only offers bundled offers, it was considered that a customer willing to purchase a standalone Internet Access offer would purchase the least expensive bundled offer in the targeted speed category, without additional consumption for services other than Internet Access (no normalisation required). 9. The packages included in the study are limited to the pre-defined packages (in contrast to the à la carte packages). Several ISPs offer bundled offers à la carte, i.e. the customer can define a level of consumption for each individual service included in the package (e.g. combination of a volume of mobile call minutes, fixed call minutes, download speed for broadband Internet access, number of TV-channels). Including a cost for all of these packages would require defining multiple profiles for the additional services, which would then need to be combined in different ways with the baskets defined for the broadband Internet access service. This exercise is considered to be outside the scope of this study. However, whenever pre-defined packages with different levels of service were available, all relevant packages 10 were considered (e.g. packages with limited or unlimited telephony service included, with analogue or digital television service, etc.). Finally, the possibility of obtaining simultaneously multiple single services at one ISP has not been considered in case this was not presented as a package. This implies that possible (negotiated) reductions that could be obtained in this case were not considered. 10. As the cost of the broadband Internet access service cannot be isolated in case of a bundled 11 offer, the cost of bundled offers are analysed globally. The increased offering of pre-defined packages renders breakdown of total cost amongst various services included impossible. Even if the study analyses the median additional cost for adding a service, this median additional cost can however not be assimilated to a breakdown of costs amongst services. In conclusion, it should be stressed that this study is not exhaustive. Consequently, it is possible that offers less expensive than those presented in this study are available on the market. Also, in such a dynamic market, it is possible that some prices are out-of-date from the day the report is published. It is therefore important to keep the date of the data collection in mind when making use of the data Relevance was assessed in relation to the normalisation parameters for the additional services. For example, since the normalisation parameter for the Mobile Broadband service is set at 500 MB downloadable volume and where 2 packages with respectively 1 GB and 5 GB Mobile BB volume are available, only the first package is included in the sample. The offers in the BIAC study include both Internet Access only offers (or non-bundled offers ) and bundled offers (i.e. including services other than Internet Access). The name unbundled offers will not be used as this refers to broadband access provided by alternative operators by means of (wholesale) LLU access. The wholesale products based on which the retail broadband internet access service is offered are not relevant for the BIAC study. 12

13 2. METHODOLOGY FOR THE DATA COLLECTION The data collection for the s comparison exercise requires first a selection of ISPs per country. After that, detailed information can be collected for each of the individual relevant offers of the selected ISPs. The following sections present the approach for the selection of the ISPs and the offers. Furthermore, an overview of the selected ISPs and the technologies offered by these ISPs are presented, as well as an indication of the high level composition of the offers in our sample. This report handles data collected in February This relates in fact to the eighth data collection exercise. Comparable data as presented below had previously been collected in April 2007, October 2007, April 2008, October 2008, April 2009, October 2009 and February When possible, data collected in February 2012 is compared in this report to data of February SELECTION OF ISPS CRITERIA APPLIED FOR THE SELECTION OF THE ISPS For each of the 38 countries, the top Broadband Internet Services Providers, ranked by number of subscribers, have been identified, and the largest ISPs representing globally at least 90% of the overall national market were selected. For non-european countries, a market share of over 80% was reached. Whenever a second criteria was necessary to choose between several ISPs, e.g. in the case two ISPs have an equivalent market share, the choice took technological aspects and geographical distribution into account, e.g. prefer a cable operator when previously selected ISPs use xdsl and FTTx technologies. The ISPs selected are presented in section 2.4. In case a new ISP has appeared in the list of February 2012 (compared with the database for February 2011), this one is indicated with an asterisk. Even though the ISPs in the sample are dynamic in terms of offered services and prices, we could observe that out of the 210 ISPs in the sample in February 2012, 13 additional ISPs were included. Furthermore, 19 ISPs included in the sample of February 2011 are no longer considered. For some countries, due to a significant fragmentation of the market, it was observed that the number of ISPs globally representing at least 90% of the overall market was extremely high (e.g. Bulgaria, Hungary, and Lithuania). In those cases, a representative sample of eight market players was selected, including a few small market players to ensure that it would be as representative as possible. On the other side, and consistent with the methodology previously applied, at least two ISPs per country are included. However, in no country other than Liechtenstein, there are in 2012 still ISPs with a market share of over 90%. 13

14 The criterion of market share for the selection of the top ISP implies that it cannot be excluded that some ISPs included in the sample do not cover the whole territory of the country they are active in. When comparing between countries, these offers are clearly indicated in the analysis. As for the BIAC 2011 study and contrary to what was done in both April and October 2009, no selection of mobile ISPs was added. Only mobile offers of fixed ISPs and bundled with fixed broadband internet access were considered INFORMATION SOURCES Information coming from a number of sources has been analysed and cross-checked for defining the sample of ISPs per country. For most of the countries, information on the market shares per ISP, or on the list of ISPs representing globally over 90% of the total market, was obtained directly from the National Regulatory Authority (NRA). For other countries, information was found and cross-checked in various publications and databases regarding broadband statistics. The Excel tool accompanying this report and provided to the Commission contains detailed information for each country on the sources used for the selection of the ISPs. Given the fact that the use of more general publications or databases indicates that not all required information could be obtained from a number of NRAs, it was considered more appropriate to treat the individual sources per country as confidential for this report PERIOD UNDER CONSIDERATION The most recent information on the market shares per ISP has been requested and searched for systematically. In practice, all data concerning the market shares essentially relates to the last semester of SELECTION OF THE BROADBAND OFFERS OF THE ISPS CRITERIA APPLIED WHEN COLLECTING AND SELECTING THE BROADBAND OFFERS For all ISPs selected and presented in section 2.4, information was collected for all their broadband offers available to residential subscribers, independent of whether they are: - Standalone or bundled with other services (the categories of bundles 12 considered are: Internet Access + Fixed Telephony; Internet Access + Television; Internet Access + Fixed Telephony + Television); - Unmetered or time-metered / volume-metered (cf. subsection 2.5.4); - Based on xdsl, Cable or any other technology (cf. section 2.3). 12 In addition to the three categories of bundles listed here, bundles including mobile telephony and mobile broadband were also collected. The analysis of these bundles is however restricted to the analysis of the median additional cost for adding those services to a standalone offer of bundle with fixed services. 14

15 It was observed that ISPs in some countries also consider a connection with a speed of 128 kbps as a broadband offer. Information on these offers was also collected, but is excluded from the baskets used for the comparison analysis (cf. paragraph a). A brief analysis of these offers is presented in section 4.1. In total, data on 4,834 offers was collected for February 2012 (i.e. 516 more offers than in February ). Out of these, 4 offers have speeds of up to 144 kbps (cf. paragraph a). 72 of all collected offers could not offer the assumed minimum service level because of the system of maximum invoice or maximum usage (cf. paragraph b). 68 offers have a monthly price of over 150 EUR/PPP. Moreover, 789 offers include mobile services in addition to fixed services (out of which 40 which can not offer the assumed minimum service level and 22 with a BIAC over 150 EUR/PPP). Consequently, the comparison analysis for standalone and bundled offers with fixed services relates to 3,963 offers. The analysis of the median additional cost relates to 4,690 offers DEFINITION OF BUNDLED OFFERS In the 2007 databases, no explicit definition for bundled offers was included in the BIAC study. 15 As for the 2008 and 2009 reports, because the comparison methodology has been extended to include bundled offers, a more detailed definition of what can be considered as being a bundled offer is provided. A bundled offer was previously defined by the European Commission as a product where operators offer a variety of services for a single overall price, provided through different platforms for the benefit of consumers. 16 The following paragraphs comment on how this definition has been narrowed or broadened to determine the bundled offers that fall within the scope of the BIAC study. Criterion 1: The offer contains a variety of services Regarding the variety of services included in the bundled offer, three categories of bundles including fixed services are distinguished in the BIAC study. These are: Internet Access + Fixed Telephony; Internet Access + Television; Internet Access + Fixed Telephony + Television offers including Fixed Broadband Internet Access were collected in February Of these, 5 had a speed up to 144kbps and 608 offers included mobile offers. The BIAC comparison analysis excludes offers with speeds less than 144kbps, which cannot offer the required level of service or which have a monthly cost of over 150 EUR/PPP. Moreover, it only relates to standalone and bundled offers including exclusively fixed services. The number of offers analysed equals: 4834 total offers 4 offers under 144kbps 72 offers with insufficient service level 68 offers over 150 EUR/PPP ( ) offers with mobile services = 3963 offers. The analysis of the median cost relates to all bundled offers, including both fixed and mobile services. Therefore, the number of offers analysed is equal to: = 4690 offers. The only description was limited to packages containing multiple services. In addition, a distinction has been made between pre-defined packages and à la carte packages with the latter being defined as offers for which the customer can define a level of consumption for each individual service included in the package (e.g. combination of a volume of mobile call minutes, fixed call minutes, download speed for broadband Internet access, number of TV-channels). Cf. 12 th Implementation Report of the European Commission (cf. policy/ecomm /implementation_ enforcement/ annualreports/12threport/index_en.htm). 15

16 These three categories are the only ones that both include Internet Services and are bought by more than 4% of all households of the EU The increase of bundles including mobile services, i.e. mobile telephony and mobile broadband, has favoured their inclusion in the data collection. However, as their purchase remains rather limited (up to 2% for bundles including internet access and mobile telephony) and in order to avoid multiplication of bundle types by all possible combinations of services, their analysis is restricted to a comparison of the median additional cost for those services. It is important to note that in the frame of the present study, mobile services are considered to be complementary to fixed services, and not a substitute. This implies that mobile broadband internet was never considered as a standalone product, but only in a bundle with fixed broadband internet. Criterion 2: The cost of the offer equals a single overall price It was observed that the tariff structures of packages containing multiple services can be very complex and are not necessary flat. 18 So even if the consumer is receiving one single invoice at the end of a period (e.g. per month), the amount due will not necessarily always be the same. As for the previous BIAC studies, the approach was taken that packages containing multiple services even if some of the services have metered charging are perceived as a bundle by the consumer and therefore need to be included in the sample of the selected offers. This implies that a rather large interpretation is given to the abovementioned definition in the Implementation Report. More precisely, all packages of multiple services grouped into one invoice are considered bundled offers, independent of whether they are fully or partially metered (for the Internet Service included) or limited (for the other services included in the bundle). In the case a price discount was offered for the purchase of multiple single services from the same provider, it was considered that these can be assimilated to bundled offers. Also, additional services included free of charge to the customer were also considered as fully part of the bundled offer. The only exceptions are the offers that are fully à la carte ; i.e. an offer that enables the customer to define the level of consumption of the individual services included in the package. Criterion 3: The services are provided through different platforms Depending on what is exactly meant by a platform, it was assumed as for the BIAC 2008 study that different services in one bundle could be offered by the same platform. An example is the combination of an xdsl Internet Access with VoIP Fixed Telephony services. Again, this implies that the definition previously given to 'bundled offers' by the European Commission was interpreted broadly Cf. E-communications Household Survey Special Eurobarometer, European Commission. Special Eurobarometer 335, Wave 72.5, (October 2010) Flat costs are not a function of a specific volume of a service. 16

17 INFORMATION SOURCES The data required for the BIAC comparison have been collected from primary sources (i.e. the ISPs), mainly via the information that is published on their websites. In addition, ISPs were contacted directly by telephone or in cases where further clarification regarding the published information was needed. All source information used in the study was saved in pdf or similar format. For European countries, i.e. EU27 countries as well as Croatia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, FYROM, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey, the collected data has been sent to the National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) for validation. For half of those countries, NRAs reacted and provided us in several cases with corrections or suggestions for changes in the data PERIOD UNDER CONSIDERATION The majority of the financial and technical parameters for all of the selected broadband offers were collected in the period between February 1 st and February 15 th, 2012 and, when possible, compared with the information in the 2011 database (data collected in the period between February 1 st and February 15 th 2011) OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDED IN THE SELECTED OFFERS In the sample of selected offers several technologies for Internet data transmission can be observed. These are related to Fixed Broadband Internet Access. xdsl stands for digital subscriber line and represents a family of technologies that provide digital data transmission over the wires of a local telephone network (e.g. ADSL, ADSL2+, SHDSL, ). xdsl technologies allow for a download speed of up to 24 Mbps (ADSL2+) and an upload speed of up to 1 Mbps for asymmetrical DSL, and somewhat higher for symmetric offers (SHDSL). For a number of ISPs, the criteria of speed has permitted the distinction of networks to be made where fibre is used for the main routes only and the FTTx networks (see definition below) which allow for higher speeds. Due to the technology used by VDSL and VDSL2, and the thereby increased speeds offered, these technologies were classified under FTTx. Cable internet works by using TV channel space for data transmission, with certain channels used for downstream transmission, and other channels for upstream transmission. The recent development of new technologies has permitted cable internet to attain speeds comparable to FTTx, in particular thanks to the use of Docsis 3.0 decoders. Download speeds of up to 200 Mbps and upload speeds of up to 100 Mbps can be obtained thanks to this new standard. Satellite Internet uses a satellite in geostationary orbit to relay data from the ISP to its customers. Speeds provided are usually lower than offers based on the other technologies. FTTx, groups Fibre to the Home (FTTH), Fibre to the Building (FTTB), Fibre to the Cabinet (FTTC), and is defined as a telecommunications architecture in which data transmission is provided over optical fibre cables extending from the telecommunications operator s switching equipment to (at least) the boundary of the home living space or business office 17

18 space, cabinet,... In the case of FTTC, VDSL or VDSL2 is often used for the remaining distance between the cabinet and the home. FTTx offers are characterised by much higher up and download speeds, and in a number of cases, symmetrical speeds. Among the offers collected, upload speeds vary usually between 2 Mbps and 60 Mbps, and download speeds between 2Mbps and 80 Mbps, though both lower and higher speeds were also observed. Ethernet internet uses area network techniques which provide internet access in a limited geographical area such as LAN (local area network), MAN (metropolitan area network, also called Metro internet), WAN (wide area network), etc. For the previous BIAC exercices, these offers were included in the FTTx category mainly because of their high speed and their frequent symmetry. However, the importance increase in availability of these offers and the fact that the coverage of these networks is mostly limited, has led, for the BIAC 2012 study, to the distinction of Ethernet offers as a separate category. Fixed Plug & Play can be used with technologies such as WiMAX. With the exception of WiMAX at home 19 these technologies are characterised by the fact that the broadband Internet access is not limited to a specific location, as opposed to where the Internet access is provided through a telephone line, cable or fibre. The name of the category Plug & Play refers to the ability of a computer system to configure automatically expansion boards and other devices. The user should be able to plug in a device and run it. 20 It can also be noted that the same ISP sometimes offers broadband based on different technologies. A detailed overview of what technologies are offered by which ISPs can be found below in section A specific offer, whereby a modem is fixed at the outside of the customer s premises. As it was observed that the Mobile Broadband Internet Access offers (e.g. using 3G technology) have technical characteristics that are quite different from the other technologies (downloadable volume is lower and not related to download speeds), only fixed Plug & Play internet offers are included in this category. In the 2008 and 2009 BIAC studies, mobile broadband offers had been identified and isolated, though not taken into account in the comparison of the based on the 7 baskets (cf. paragraph a). In 2011, mobile broadband is only considered when part of a bundle including fixed broadband. 18

19 2.4. OVERVIEW OF THE ISPS SELECTED FOR EACH COUNTRY, INCL. THE TECHNOLOGIES USED The selected ISPs, for which the cost of the offers is compared in chapter 4, 5 and 6, have been sorted alphabetically per country and according to their status on the market, i.e. incumbent 21 or new entrant. Country ISP Status Technologies Austria Kabelsignal AG New Entrant Cable LIWEST New Entrant Cable Salzburg AG New Entrant Cable Tele2 Austria New Entrant xdsl Telekom Austria Incumbent xdsl and FTTx UPC Austria New Entrant xdsl and Cable Belgium Belgacom Incumbent FTTx Telenet New Entrant Cable Voo New Entrant Cable Bulgaria Blizoo New Entrant FTTx Bulsatcom* New Entrant FTTx Max Telecom* New Entrant Plug & Play Megalan Network New Entrant FTTx Net 1 New Entrant FTTx Networx New Entrant FTTx and Plug & Play Spectrum Net New Entrant FTTx Vivacom (BTC) Incumbent xdsl and FTTx Canada Bell Canada Incumbent xdsl Rogers Communications New Entrant Cable Shaw Communications Incumbent Cable Telus New Entrant xdsl Videotron Incumbent Cable Croatia B.net Hrvatska New entrant Cable Iskon New entrant xdsl OT Optima Telekom New entrant xdsl T-Hrvatski Telekom Incumbent xdsl Cyprus Cablenet New Entrant Cable and xdsl Cytanet Incumbent xdsl Primetel New Entrant xdsl Czech Republic GTS Czech New Entrant xdsl and FTTx 21 Incumbents are defined as the organisations enjoying special and exclusive rights or de facto monopoly for provision of voice telephony services before liberalisation, regardless of the role played in the provision of access by means of technologies alternative to the PSTN. This implies thus that incumbent cable operators have been listed as new entrants. 19

20 Country ISP Status Technologies Mobilkom New Entrant xdsl RIO media New Entrant Cable, FTTx, xdsl and Plug & Play Telefónica O2 Incumbent xdsl T-mobile New Entrant xdsl UPC Ceská republika New Entrant Cable Skyline New Entrant Plug & Play Stofa New Entrant Cable Denmark Syd Energi* New Entrant FTTx TDC Incumbent xdsl and FTTx Telenor Denmark New Entrant xdsl Elion Incumbent xdsl, FTTx and Plug & Play Estonia Starman New Entrant Cable STV New Entrant Cable and FTTx Televõrgud (Kõu) New Entrant Plug & Play DNA group Incumbent/New Entrant Cable and xdsl Finland Elisa Incumbent/ New Entrant Cable and xdsl Finnet group Incumbent/ New Entrant xdsl Sonera Incumbent/ New Entrant Cable, FTTx, xdsl and Satellite Bouygues Télécom* New Entrant xdsl and FTTx Free New Entrant xdsl and FTTx France Numéricable* New Entrant Cable and xdsl Orange France Incumbent xdsl and FTTx SFR New Entrant xdsl and FTTx Deutsche Telekom Incumbent xdsl and FTTx Germany Kabel Deutschland New Entrant Cable O2 (previously named Hansenet (Alice)) New Entrant xdsl and FTTx United Internet New Entrant xdsl and FTTx Unitymedia New Entrant Cable and xdsl Versatel New Entrant xdsl Vodafone New Entrant xdsl and FTTx CYTA New Entrant xdsl Forthnet New Entrant xdsl and Satellite Greece Hellas On Line (HOL) New Entrant xdsl and Satellite OTE Incumbent xdsl and Satellite Wind New Entrant xdsl Digi Kabel New Entrant Cable Hungary GTS-Datanet New Entrant xdsl Invitel Incumbent xdsl Magyar Telekom (T-Home) Incumbent Cable, xdsl and FTTx 20

21 Country ISP Status Technologies PR-Telecom New Entrant Cable, Ethernet and Plug & Play Tarr New Entrant Cable UPC Hungary New Entrant Cable and xdsl Vidanet New Entrant Cable Siminn Incumbent xdsl and FTTx Iceland Tal New Entrant xdsl and FTTx Vodafone New Entrant xdsl and FTTx Ireland Digiweb New Entrant xdsl, Satellite and Plug & Play Eircom Incumbent xdsl, FTTx and Satellite Imagine New Entrant Plug & Play UPC Ireland New Entrant Cable Vodafone at home New Entrant xdsl Fastweb New Entrant xdsl and FTTx Telecom Italia Incumbent xdsl and FTTx Italy TeleTu New Entrant xdsl Tiscali Italy New Entrant xdsl Wind (Libero/Infostrada) New Entrant xdsl Jupiter Telecommunications New Entrant Cable Japan NTT East Incumbent xdsl and FTTx NTT West Incumbent xdsl and FTTx Yahoo Japan New Entrant xdsl and FTTx Korea Telecom Incumbent xdsl and FTTx Korea LG Uplus New Entrant FTTx SK broadband New Entrant FTTx Balticom New Entrant Cable Latvia Baltinet Data New Entrant Cable Baltkom TV New Entrant FTTx Dautkom TV New Entrant Cable and FTTx Izzi New Entrant Cable Lattelecom Incumbent xdsl and FTTx Livas New Entrant Cable and FTTx MFL Serviss New Entrant FTTx Liechtenstein Telecom Liechtenstein Incumbent Cable andxdsl Balticum TV New Entrant FTTx and Plug & Play Cgates* New Entrant Cable and FTTx Lithuania Dokeda New Entrant FTTx Lietuvos radijo ir televizijos centras New Entrant Satellite and Plug & Play Mikrovisatos TV New Entrant FTTx and Plug & Play 21

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